饭饭TXT > 海外名作 > 《无情的革命:资本主义的历史》作者:[美]乔伊斯·阿普尔比【完结】 > 《无情的革命:资本主义的历史》作者:[美]乔伊斯·阿普尔比.txt

第十三章 危机与批评论.6

作者:美-乔伊斯·阿普尔比 当前章节:14439 字 更新时间:2026-6-23 08:24

investment,186-93,292,325,334,335,353,368

capital for,123,173,191,193,350,380-84

in Germany,173,198

in Japan,336

in U.S.,176,186,190,195-96,198,331,412

investment banking,333,403,404,405-6,408

invisible hand,91,205

iPods,342,348,349

Ireland,62,153,295,390

emigration from,62,211

iron,51,53,146,296,335,353

in Germany,169,171,173,183,185,194,201,254

in U.S.,168,182

iron curtain,303,304

irrigation,72,315,392

Irving,Washington,197

Islam,Muslims,6,27-28,36,50,135,187

in India,27,389,396

oil weapon of,326

Spain vs.,35,36-37

trade of,27,39,232

Turkey and,269

usury and,99

Israel,299,326

Italy,Italians,126,142,290,296,414

agriculture in,84

computers in,344-45

emigrants from,210

empire building of,229,236,273,285,420

fascism in,272-73,280

Great Depression in,277

guest workers from,299-300

immigrants to,423-24

industrialization in,146,165

population growth in,80

railroads in,183

socialists in,289

trade of,8,39,47,64

wars of,123,281,285

see also specific city states

ivory,232,309,425

Jackson,Andrew,189

Jamaica,37,130,137

James,Henry,Sr.,197

James Ⅰ,King of England,40,99

Jamestown,Va.,48

Japan,7,242-48,303,358,361,363,394,398,414

agriculture in,243,244,245,338

Asian financial crisis and,356

automobiles in,272,335,337,339-41

banks in,244-45,356

China’s relations with,245,246,247,282,381

Christian converts in,28

closing of,242

Cold War and,338

computers in,345,349,350

constitution of,244,246,337-38

democracy in,337-38,352

economic power of,334-42,356,369

emigrants from,210

empire building of,272,281-82,337,371

Four Little Tigers and,353,354

Great Depression and,276

industrialization in,165,244,335-38

jury system in,116-17

Meiji Restoration in,242-47,375

postwar,296,325,421

recession in,333,356,402,410

textile industry in,244,336

trade of,34,45,244

U.S. occupation of,337-38,339

in World War Ⅰ,267,272,336

in World War Ⅱ,281-83,285,304,337

Java,44,45,49,210

Jefferson,Thomas,175,176-77,190,216

Jervis,John,182

Jesus Christ,98

Jews,46,98,283,292,299

emigration of,211,218

German,173,280

trade of,12-13

Jobs,Steven,343

John Deere,393

Johnson,Lyndon,322,325,328

Johnson,Samuel,90-91,116

joint-stock trading companies,47,106,115,187

in Japan,335,341

Jones,“Mother,” 219

June Fourth Incident(1989),372,379

Jungle,The(Sinclair),217

Junkers,171,194,199,214

Justice Department,U.S.,319

just-in-time productive system,340

just-in-time restocking systems,357

Kagoshima,British bombing of,242

Kaiser,Henry,284

Kelley,Florence,217

Kennedy,John,324,325

Kenya,286

Kerala,392

kerosene,204,261,323

kerosene cans,262

Kerr,Clark,310,311

Keynes,John Maynard,277-78,279,291,331-32,333,421

Keynesian economics,277-78,279,288-89,301,331-32,333,422

Kidd,William,38

King,Gregory,82

King Goes,the Generals Remain,The(Plivier),269

Kipling,Rudyard,281

Knights of Labor,218-19

Korea,245,246,282

see also North Korea;South Korea Korean War,338,339,340,352-53

Krupp,201,265

Krupp,Alfred,201

labor,12,23,24,33

activism of,212-21;see also labor unions;specific unions

in Africa,234

agricultural,see agriculture,labor for cheap,334,360,370,390

division of,15,25,63-64,144,194,257

firing of,94-95

as guest workers,299-300,325

industrial,149,154,160,167,187,211,215,257

international standards for,360

Native Americans as,10,30,31,125

regularization of work habits of,104,105-6,123 scientific management of,258

shortage of,299

suppression of,116

surplus value of,16

see also indentured servants;slaves,slavery

labor unions,214-21,301-2,320-25,359-60,411-12

consumption and,225-26

craft,214,215,216,219

in Europe,212,272,295 in Japan,341

Taft-Hartley Act and,322-23

Wagner Act and,279,301,322

World Trade Organization and,370

Labour Party,British,215,289

Lal,Deepal,12

land,50,76,101,113-14,322

in China,376,377,397

De Soto on,429,431

in Germany,170,171

in India,392,393,396

in Japan,245,338

in U.S.,176,177,178,183,197,215,320

Landes,David,11

landlords,46,58,63,65,70,75-79

absentee,130,136,153

discrimination and,324

in England,41,57,71,76-79,81,110,111,153

in France,71-72,85

in Germany,170

in Japan,245

land reform,338,352

Lappé,Frances Moore,425,430-31

Las Casas,Bartolomé de,126

Last of the Mohicans,The(Cooper),124

Latin America,229,269,308,325,350,351,391,427

Alliance for Progress and,329

immigration to,210

labor unrest in,214

recession of 2008-2009 and,412-13

Law,John,112

law,legal system,12,60,95,416-17,420,430

canon,69,98

English,47,57,82,106,115,117,118,153,154,192,193,253

French,193 German,193

U.S.,192,193,216,218,225,253,319,333

League of Nations,269-70,273,282,291,296,304

lean production,340,356

Lee,Rev. Joseph,82,89

Lee Kua Yew,354

Leeward Islands,128

Lehman Brothers,402

Lenin,Ⅴ.Ⅰ.,258

Leopold Ⅱ,King of Belgium,233-36,261

Lepanto,battle of(1571),36-37

Lesser Antilles,128

letters of marque,37

leveraging,404,406

Levitt,William,301

Levittown,N.Y.,301

Lewis,John L.,302

LG Electronics,342,393

Liberal Democratic Party,Japanese(LDP),339

Liberal Party,British,215

Liberia,236

liberty,91,134-35,157,169,241,434

Library of Congress,268

License Raj,390

Liebig,Justus von,208

life expectancy,181-82,211,363,378,392,421,432

limited liability companies,192,193

Lincoln,Abraham,428

Lindbergh,Charles,308

liquidity preference,278

Lisbon,slaves in,66,124,127

literacy,46,76,214,215,392

Liverpool,slave trade in,129,130

livestock,60,63,65-66,71,73

Livingstone,David,230-33,240

Locke,John,19,90,109,110,157

London,38,48,69-70,144,145,163,173,213,292,395,402

as emporium,41,149

growth of,86,91-92,104,139-40

stock exchange in,188

sugar refining in,129

Long-Term Capital Management,401

Loomis,Mahlon,256

looms,150,336-37

Louisiana,112,133,176

Louisiana Purchase,197

Louis XIV,King of France,50,51,79,114

Lud,Ned,152

Luddites,152,153

Lula da Silva,Luis Inácio,415

Luxembourg,296

Maastricht Treaty(1992),297

MacArthur,Douglas,337-38

McCormick,Cyrus,209

McKinley,William,220

Madeira,62,126,127

Madison,James,435

Madoff,Bernard,413

Madrid,61,94,233

Magellan,Ferdinand,8,30,31

mail-order retailing,222

Malabar Coast,28,34

Malacca,29,34

malaria,230,231,316,391

Malay Archipelago,27,34,44

Malaysia,237,247,261,285,354,355

malls,306,324

malnutrition,83,392

Malthus,Thomas Robert,67-68,208-9,428

management,managers,262,263,320,321,323,336

in China,374

in Japan,340,341

scientific,258

separation of ownership from,249,252

managerial capitalism,251

Manchester,133,145,151

Manchuria,210,424

Japan in,281,371

Russia in,245-46

Manila,30,31,54

manufacturing,5,59,214,223,256,334,351,352,393

in China,352,382

English,97,106

food costs and,70,71

French,85,114-15

Great Depression and,275,276,278

Japanese,338,340

U.S.,210,323,334

Maoris,241

Mao Zedong,371-72,375,396-97,398

Marconi,Guglielmo,256

Marianas,29,235

market share,250,253

marriage,135,302

age at,59,69,139

Marshall,George C.,293

Marshall,James,189

Marshall,John,176

Marshall Plan,293-95,306,329

Marx,Karl,16-18,79,213,225,267,425

Marxism,77-78,213,214,225,290

Mary Ⅱ,Queen of England,111,117

Maryland,162,175

Massachusetts,348

Massachusetts Institute of Technology,310,313

mass production,262,284

of automobiles,257-58,298,337,340

of houses,301

labor unions and,302

Master Plan for Higher Education,310

matching funds,205

Matsushita,342

Maxim,Hiram,237

Maxwell,James Clerk,256

Maya,145

Mayawati,Kumari,388-89

Maybach,Wilhelm,257

meat,60,64

Meat Inspection Act(1906),217

meat-packing plants,217

medical experiments,Nazi,315-16

Mediterranean Sea,31,38,126,236,366

Meiji Restoration,242-47,375

Mendelssohn family,173

mercantilism,96-97,101,107,116

balance of trade theory and,96,103,104,106

Mercedes-Benz,298

Mercer,John,156

merchants,29,33,55,59,60,70,88,107,229,417

Arab,126

Chinese,9

Dutch,41,44,45,46,53,64,73,99

English,41,46,47,95,101,106,110,115,117,140,153

in English colonies,130

French,46,114

Indian,395,397

Italian,126

Japanese,244

Portuguese,8,13,127

prejudices against,31-32

privateers and pirates vs.,37,38

Spanish,13,97

trust and,117

U.S.,180

mergers,250,262,263

Mesta,36

Mexican-American War,189,197,243

Mexico,28,30,151,165,230,325,334,352,360,391,414

cactus leaves in,238

Great Depression and,276

microlending in,427

oil of,326

Mickey Mouse,358

microprocessors,261

microscopes,207,208

Microsoft,343-44,346,348,349,350

Middle Ages,11,21,56

middle class,44,70,88,171,244

U.S.,88,178-79,216,217,221,222,258,323,334,359

Middle East,21,49,238,268,269,413

irrigation in,72

oil in,262,326

Midway Island,239,245

Mikado,The(Gilbert and Sullivan),246

military-industrial complex,314-15

military research,311-14

Mill,John Stuart,112

Ming dynasty,8,9,49,115

mining,mines,28,62,76,100,101,140,154,230,335

labor for,10,30,133-34

pumping water from,145,146

Río Tinto,238-39

missionaries,230-33,240

Missionary Travels and Researches in South Africa(Livingstone),231

Mississippi,133,151,175,176

Mississippi Bubble,112

Mississippi Company,112

Mitsubishi,342

Mitsubishi family,335-36

Mitsui family,335-36

modernization,328-29,335,350,351

in China,371,375

in India,389-94

molasses,130,133

mole plow,153

monarchy,95,117,263,417

English,15

French,50,51,114-15,129,156

Monet,Jean,296,297

monetary theory,330,332,351

money,3,17,18,31,32,70-71,92,107-14,408,417

biblical view of,98

capital vs.,6-7

Carnegie on,204

consumer culture and,223-24

definition of,110

Dutch devotion to,43

empire building and,228-30

English views on,90,91,96,97

Great Depression and,274-75,278

paper,111,112,270

postwar prosperity and,324-25

saving of,66,274,278

in U.S.,176,189-90

usury and,98-99

see also currency

Mongols,27

monopolies,63,129,356

Dutch,44,45

English granting of,40,41,51

oil,204-5,248

Montgomery Ward,222

Moody’s,407

Moore,Gordon,343,347

Moore,Michael,410

Moore,Rev. John,81-82,89

moral hazard,416

morality,7,17,25,58,89,95,133,434

community farming and,81

usury and,98,99

Morgan,Henry,37-38

Morgan,J. P.,203,220,251

Morgan Stanley,408

Morocco,126,235

Morse,Samuel,184

mortgages,301,333,382

subprime,400,401,403-10,412,414,433,435

Motorola,348,393,395

movies,256,271,307,309,358,360

in India,395

Mozambique,35,237,286

Mozilla Firefox,346

MS-DOS,343,344

mulattoes,134,135

Mumbai(formerly Bombay),39,389,395

Mun,Thomas,96-97,102

Munif,Abdelrahman,262

music,333,346,368

Mussolini,Benito,272-73,280,281

Nader,Ralph,328,404

Naoroji,Dadabhai,386-87

Napoleon I,Emperor of France,93,153,163,168-69,188,236,241,255

Napoleonic Wars,168-69,236,241,255

NASDAQ stock market,348

National Assembly,French,156

National Cash Register,323

National Institutes of Health,U.S.,361

nationalism,168-73,268,297

in Egypt,236,268

German,168-73,185,199

in India,268,387

in Italy,272

U.S.,168,196,199

Nationalist Party,Chinese,354,371,396

National Labor Relations Act(1935),301

National Park Service,U.S.,279

National Recovery Act(NRA)(1933),253,278-79,318

Native Americans,21,61,133,134,135

as labor,10,30,31,125,127

in U.S.,177,196,239

vulnerability to disease of,29,125,234

natural liberty,91,157

Natural Resources Defense Action Fund,432

nature,328

Aristotle on,142,143

Bacon on,97,142

loss of subservience to,79

Newton on,144

Navigation Laws,English,138

Nazis,208,280-81,283-85,295,298

IBM Cards and,318

science and,312-13

NEC,349

Nehru,Jawaharlal,315,396

Nehru,Pandit,390

Netherlands,the Dutch,7-10,37-46,49,52-54,168,172,254,269,296,325

agriculture in,42,53,68,71-75,84,138-39,170

art in,44,181

banks in,42,99-100,112,173

currency of,195

devotion to home in,44

as economic model,42-46,99-101

economic plateau in,52-54

as financiers,13,42,53

Great Depression in,277

independence of,35,39,41-42,45,52,73

industrialization in,53,146

as intellectual center,46,93

in New World,9,10,39,43,44,50,63,128,129

oil industry of,262

population growth in,80,84

privateers and pirates of,37,38-39,128

science in,142,144

slavery abolished by,136

slave trade of,8,10,30,66,121,128,129,131

trade of,28,31,34,35,38-39,41-44,52,53,64,74,138

wars of,44-45,52,123

wealth of,39-40,52

目录
设置
设置
阅读主题
字体风格
雅黑 宋体 楷书 卡通
字体大小
适中 偏大 超大
保存设置
恢复默认
手机
手机阅读
扫码获取链接,使用浏览器打开
书架同步,随时随地,手机阅读
首 页 < 上一章 章节列表 下一章 > 尾 页