[37] 转引自Zubkova,Russia ,p.84。姆林纳日是1968年“布拉格之春”的领导者之一。
[38] 这段引文出自一份翻译的文件,见A. O. Chubar’yan and V. O. Pechatnov,“Molotov ‘the Liberal’:Stalin’s 1945 Criticism of his Deputy”,Cold War History ,vol.1,no.1,August 2000。
[39] Werth,Russia ,p.99.
[40] V. N. Zemskov,“Repatriatsiya Peremeshchennykh Sovetskikh Grazhdan” in G. N. Sevost’ yanov(ed.),Voina i Obshchestvo,1941-1945 ,vol.2,Moscow,2004,pp.341-2. 另参见M. Dyczok,The Grand Alliance and the Ukrainian Refugees ,Macmillan:London,2000,pp.166-7。戴克泽克引用的数字比泽姆斯科夫的高,但这些数字包括超过100万的安置在苏联境内的公民和战俘,因此他们不能被看作从国外遣返的人员。
[41] 参见A. A. Maslov,“Forgiven by Stalin-Soviet Generals Who Returned from German Prisons in 1941-45 and Who Were Rehabilitated”,Journal of Slavic Military Studies ,vol.12,no.2,June 1999.
[42] Werth,Russia 第11章 与第16章,以及T. Dunmore,Soviet Politics,1945-53 ,Macmillan:London,1984,第6章。
[43] 转引自Gorlizki and Khlevniuk,Cold Peace ,pp.34-5。
[44] Moskva Poslevoennaya,1945-1947 ,doc.124. 使我关注此事的是R. Service,Stalin:A Biography ,Macmillan:London,2004,pp.561-2。
[45] 有关瓦尔加的讨论:G. D. Ra’anan,International Policy Formation in the USSR:Factional “Debates ” during the Zhdanovshchina ,Archon Books:Hamden,Conn. 1983,chap.6;J. Hough,“Debates about the Postwar World” in Linz(ed.),Impact and R. B. Day,Cold War Capitalism:The View from Moscow,1945-1975 ,M. E. Sharpe:London,1995。
[46] Politburo TsK VKP (b )i Sovet Ministrov SSSR ,n.1,pp.229-30 and doc.201;Gorlizki and Khlevniuk,Cold Peace ,pp.36-8.
[47] Politburo TsK VKP (b )i Sovet Ministrov SSSR ,n.1,pp.229-30 and doc.201;Gorlizki and Khlevniuk,Cold Peace ,pp.36-8.
[48] Gorlizki and Khlevniuk,Cold Peace ,pp.38-42,and Z. Medvedev,“Stalin and Lysenko” in R. and Z. Medvdev,The Unknown Stalin .
[49] Malyshev diary,Istochnik ,no.5,1997,p.135.
[50] 这段引文以及在此之前摘自《真理报》的那段引文转引自J. Brooks,Thank You,Comrade Stalin !Soviet Public Culture from Revolution to Cold War ,Princeton University Press:Princeton NJ,2000,pp.213-14。
[51] Z. Medvedev,“Stalin as a Russian Nationalist” in R. and Z. Medvdev,The Unknown Stalin .
[52] Stalin,Sochineniya ,p.68.
[53] J. V. Stalin,Concerning Marxism in Linguistics ,Soviet News Booklet,London,1950.
[54] 我依据的是Gorlizki and Khlevniuk,Cold Peace ,pp.79-89中的论述。有关沃兹涅先斯基下台的文件证据可见于Politburo TsK VKP (b )i Sovet Ministrov SSSR ,docs 238-53。有关对列宁格勒党组织的清洗可见于TsK VKP(b)i Regional’nye Partiinye Komitety 1949-1953 ,Moscow,2004,docs 84-104。
[55] 参见D. Brandenberger,“Stalin,the Leningrad Affair and the Limit of Postwar Russocentrism”,Russian Review ,no.63,April 2004。另参见理查德·比德拉克(Richard Bidlack)对布兰登伯格的回应文章(Russian Review ,January 2005),它在发表时附有前者的一个简短的回复。
[56] Gorlizki and Khlevniuk,Cold Peace ,p.83.
[57] 参见J. Burds,Early Cold War 。
[58] 对犹太人反法西斯委员会的历史的文献证明与详细分析可见于S. Redlich(ed.),War,Holocaust and Stalinism:A Documentary History of the Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee in the USSR ,Harwood Academic Publishers:Luxembourg,1995。俄罗斯方面对该委员会在战争期间的活动进行研究的是N. K. Petrovka,Antifashistskie Komitety v SSSR:1941-1945gg ,Moscow,1999。他强调说犹太人反法西斯委员会首先是苏联的一个爱国组织。
[59] 说是斯大林要了米霍埃尔斯性命的理由和证据,参见G. V. Kostyrchenko,Tainaya Politika Stalina ,Moscow,2001。但应指出的是,在米霍埃尔斯死后,《真理报》上的讣告对他大加褒扬,而且在莫斯科举行了隆重的葬礼,许多党政要人都参加了。
[60] Redlich,War ,doc.180.
[61] 参见G. Gorodetsky,“The Soviet Union and the Creation of the State of Israel”,The Journal of Israeli History ,vol.22,no.1,2003以及 L. Rucker,Moscow’s Surprise:The Soviet-Israeli Alliance of 1947-1949 ,Cold War International History Project Working Paper,no.46。关于苏联与以色列这段时期的关系,已经公开了许多俄文和英文的文件:Sovetsko-Izrail’skie Otnosheniya ,vol.1(1941-1953),Moscow,2000,以及Documents on Israeli-Soviet Relations,1941-1953 ,Frank Cass:London,2000。
[62] 转引自Rucker,Moscow’s Surprise ,p.17。
[63] Documents on Israeli-Soviet Relations ,docs 160,173,180,195.
[64] Redlich,War ,doc.181.
[65] J. Rubenstein and V. P. Naumov(eds),Stalin’s Secret Pogrom:The Postwar Inquisition of the Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee ,Yale University Press:New Haven,2001. 书中包括经过编辑的审判记录,其内容非常具有启发性;但也有人批评它,说与实际情况相比,它使得被告更像是犹太人而不是苏联人。
[66] Politburo TsK VKP (b )i Sovet Ministrov SSSR ,docs 254-255.
[67] RGASPI,F.82,Op.2,Dd.1091-112. See G. Roberts,“Stalin,the Pact with Nazi Germany,and the Origins of Postwar Soviet Diplomatic Historiography”,Journal of Cold War Studies ,vol.4,no.3,2002.
[68] J. Pelikan(ed.),The Czechoslovak Political Trials,1950-1954 ,Macdonald:London,1970.
[69] Z. Medvedev,Stalin i Evreiskaya Problema ,Moscow,2003. Cf. G. Kostyrchenko,Out of the Shadows:Anti-Semitism in Stalin’s Russia ,Prometheus Books:New York,1995.
[70] Malyshev diary,pp.140-1.
[71] 我的论述是基于布伦特和纳乌莫夫的文献,而不是他们的解读。参见J. Brent and V. P. Naumov,Stalin’s Last Crime:The Plot against the Jewish Doctors,1948-1953 ,HarperCollins:New York,2003。他们所引用的许多文件都可见于Politburo TsK VKP (b )i Sovet Ministrov SSSR 。
[72] Politburo TsK VKP (b )i Sovet Ministrov SSSR ,doc.297.
[73] Brent and Naumov,Stalin’s Last Crime ,p.10.
[74] 戈多是塞缪尔·贝克特(Samuel Beckett)的荒诞派戏剧《等待戈多》(Waiting for Godot )中的神秘人物,他是剧情开展的中心线索,却自始至终没有现身。——译者注
[75] Brent and Naumov,Stalin’s Last Crime ,p.58.
[76] G. Alexopoulos,“Amnesty 1945:The Revolving Door of Stalin’s Gulag”,Slavic Review ,vol.64,no.2,Summer 2005.
[77] 参见 J. Keep,Last of the Empires:A History of the Soviet Union,1945-1991 ,Oxford University Press:Oxford,1995,p.15.
[78] Dunmore,Soviet Politics .
[79] Gorlizki and Khlevniuk,Cold Peace ,pp.124-32.
[80] 这一部分是基于党的第十九次全国代表大会的文件。参见Rossiiskii Gosudarstvennyi Arkhiv Sotsial’no-Politicheskoi Istorii(RGASPI)F.592,Op.1。另见A. Tikhonov and P. R. Gregory,“Stalin’s Last Plan” in P. R. Gregory(ed.),Behind the Façade of Stalin’s Command Economy ,Hoover Institution Press:Stanford,2001。
[81] Stalin,Sochineniya ,pp.227-9.
[82] 参见Y. Gorlizki,“Party Revivalism and the Death of Stalin”,Slavic Review ,vol.54,no.1,1995以及“Stalin’s Cabinet:The Politburo and Decision Making in the Post-War Years”,Europe-Asia Studies ,vol.53,no.2,2001。
[83] 斯大林的讲话1999年公布在报纸《公开性》(Glasnost )上,在因特网上随时可以查到。关于斯大林在这次全体会议上的讲话的进一步内容,参见K. Simonov,Glazami Cheloveka Moego Pokoleniya:Razmyshleniya o I.V.Staline ,Moscow,1989,pp.240-4;A. Mikoyan,Tak Bylo ,Moscow,1999,pp.574-5;A. Resis(ed.),Molotov Remembers ,Ivan R. Dee:Chicago,1993,pp.313-16。
[84] 转引自Gorlizki and Khlevniuk,Cold Peace ,p.150。
[85] 强调派系政治在苏联战后内外政策中的作用的有关著作,参见R. Conquest,Power and Policy in the USSR:The Struggle for Stalin’s Succession,1945-1960 ,Harper & Row:New York,1967;W. G. Hahn,Postwar Soviet Politics:The Fall of Zhdanov and the Defeat of Moderation,1946-1953 ,Cornell University Press:Ithaca NY,1982;A. Knight,Beria,Stalin’s First Lieutenant ,Princeton University Press:Princeton NJ,1993;W. O. McCagg,Stalin Embattled,1943-1948 ,Wayne State University Press:Detroit,1978;以及G. D. Ra’anan,International Policy Formation in the USSR:Factional “Debates ” during the Zhdanovshchina ,Archon Books:Hamden Conn.,1983。