[35] Polpredy Soobshchayut:Sbornik Dokumentov ob Otnosheniyakh SSSR s Latviei,Litvoi I Estoniei,Avgust 1939g-Avgust 1940g ,Moscow,1990,doc.58.
[36] Polpredy Soobshchayut:Sbornik Dokumentov ob Otnosheniyakh SSSR s Latviei,Litvoi I Estoniei,Avgust 1939g-Avgust 1940g ,Moscow,1990,doc.59.
[37] Report ... Committee on Communist Aggression ,p.316.
[38] J. Urbsys,“Lithuania and the Soviet Union,1939-1940”,Litaunus ,vol.35,no.2,1989,p.4.
[39] 相关的文件在 Polpredy Soobshchayut 和“The Baltic Countries Join...”中。对这些文件的引用参见 G. Roberts,“Soviet Policy and the Baltic States,1939-1940:A Reappraisal”,Diplomacy & Statecraft ,vol. 6,no. 3,1995。
[40] Dimitrov diary,p.120.
[41] DVP 1939,vol. 22,book 2,doc. 536.
[42] J. T. Gross,Revolution from Abroad:The Soviet Conquest of Poland’s Western Ukraine and Western Belorussia ,Princeton University Press:Princeton NJ,1988.
[43] 参见G. Roberts,“Stalin and the Katyn Massacre” in G. Roberts(ed.),Stalin:His Times and Ours ,IAREES:Dublin,2005。
[44] V. N. Zemskov,“Prinuditelnye Migratsii iz Pribaltiki v 1940-1950-kh godakh”,Otechestvennyi Arkhiv ,no.1,1993,p.4.
[45] DVP 1939,vol.22,book.2,docs 769,783;Sovetsko-Bolgarskie Otnosheniya i Svyazi,1917-1944 ,Moscow,1976,doc. 504-6,510.
[46] DVP 1939,vol.22,book 2,doc.654.
[47] O. Manninen and N. I. Baryshnikov,“Peregovory Osen’u 1939 goda” in O. A. Rzheshevskii and O. Vekhvilyainen(eds),Zimnyaya Voina 1939-1940 ,vol.1,Moscow,1999,pp.119-21.
[48] 对苏芬谈判过程的记述可见于The Development of Soviet-Finnish Relations ,London,1940,以及“The Winter War(Documents on Soviet-Finnish Relations in 1939-1940)”,International Affairs ,nos 8 & 9,1989。在英语世界中,研究这场战争的最新的著作是 C. van Dyke,The Soviet Invasion of Finland,1939-1940 ,Frank Cass:London,1997。
[49] K. Rentola,“The Finnish Communists and the Winter War”,Journal of Contemporary History ,vol.33,no.4,1998,p.596.在经过短期拘押之后,大多数被捕的人都被释放了。
[50] N. I. Baryshnikov,“Sovetsko-Finlyandskaya Voina 1939-1940gg”,Novaya i Noveishaya Istoriya ,no.4,1991,p.33.
[51] V. Mitenev,“Archives Reopen Debate on the Winter War”,Soviet Weekly ,3/6/89.
[52] Baryshnikov,“Sovetsko...”,p.34.
[53] Degras,Soviet ,pp.401-3.
[54] “Posetiteli Kremlevskogo Kabineta I. V. Stalina”,Istoricheskii Arkhiv ,nos 5-6,1995,p.60.
[55] Khrushchev Remembers ,Sphere Books:London,1971,pp.135-6.
[56] DVP 1939,vol.22,book 2,doc.821.
[57] Degras,Soviet ,pp.407-10.条约所附加的秘密备忘录允许苏联人有权驻扎15000人的部队,以保护在芬兰湾租借给他们的汉克岛(Hanko)及其附近岛屿上的基地。参见 Zimnyaya Voina ,p.181。
[58] 参见 T. Vihavainen,“The Soviet Decision for War against Finland,30 November 1939:A Comment”,Soviet Studies ,April 1987以及 M. I. Mel’tukov,“‘Narodny Front’ dlya Finlyandii?(K Voprosy o Tselyakh Sovetskogo Rukovodstva v Voine s Finlyandiei 1939-1940gg”,Otechestvennaya Istoriya ,no.3,1993。
[59] Dimitrov diary,p.124.
[60] Dimitrov diary,p.124.
[61] 关于苏芬战争,参见 van Dyke,The Soviet ;D. M. Glantz and J. House,When Titans Clashed:How the Red Army Stopped Hitler ,University Press of Kansas:Lawrence,Kansas,1995,pp.18-23;W. J. Spahr,Stalin’s Lieutenants ,Presidio Press:Novato,Calif.,1997,pp.216-26;以及 A. F. Upton,“The Winter War” in Purnell’s History of the Second World War ,1966,pp.122-40。有关俄罗斯人近来对这场战争的研究,参见 Sovetsko-Finlyandskaya Voina,1939-1940 ,2 vols,St Petersburg,2003。
[62] Degras,Soviet ,pp.421-3.
[63] I. Maisky,Memoirs of a Soviet Ambassador ,Hutchinson:London,1967,p.40.
[64] Cited by Carley “Situation”,pp.195-6.
[65] Sotsialisticheskie Revolutsii v Estonii 1917-1940 i yeyo Vkhozhdeniye v Sostav SSSR:Dokumenty i Materialy ,Tallin,1987,doc.94.
[66] “Finnish historian says Stalin agreed to end Winter War based on inaccurate intelligence”,Helsingin Sanomat:International Edition ,15/10/02.
[67] L. Woodward,British Foreign Policy in the Second World War ,vol.1,HMSO:London,1970,chaps 2-4;Churchill,Second World War ,chap.30;以及 Gilbert,Churchill ,chap.6。
[68] A. J. P. Taylor,English History,1914-1945 ,Penguin:London,1975,pp.571-2.
[69] DVP 1939,vol.22,book 2,doc.886.
[70] Degras,Soviet ,pp.436-49. 苏军伤亡人数可能要比莫洛托夫公布的高得多,也许多达7万人死亡,4万人失踪和18万人受伤。参见 P. A. Altekar’,“Opravdany li Zhertvy?(O Poteryakh v Sovetsko-Finlyandskoi Voine)” in A. E. Taras(ed.),Sovetsko-Finskaya Voina,1939-1940gg ,Minsk,1999,以及 Zimnyaya Voina ,pp.324-5。
[71] Dimitrov diary,pp.127-9.
[72] Zimnyaya Voina ,vol.2,pp.272-82. 关于此次会议议程的英文译文可见于 A. O. Chubaryan and H. Shukman(eds),Stalin and the Soviet-Finnish War,1939-1940 ,Frank Cass:London,2002。
[73] “Zimnyaya Voina”:Rabota nad Oshibkami Aprel’-Mai 1940g(Materialy Komissii Glavnogo Voennogo Soveta Krasnoi Armii po Obobshcheniu Opyta Finskoi Kampanii) ,Moscow,2004.
[74] Istoriya Velikoi Otechestvennoi Voiny Sovetskogo Souza 1941-1945 ,vol.1,Moscow,1960,pp.463-8;J. Erickson,The Road to Stalingrad ,Harper & Row:New York 1975 pp.16-24;Glantz and House,Titans ,pp.23-4.
[75] D. M. Glantz,Colossus Reborn:The Red Army at War,1941-1943 ,University Press of Kansas:Lawrence,Kansas,2005,pp.216-19. 格兰兹指出,事实证明,这些机械化军过于庞大,在战斗中不够灵活,但是用装甲力量去反制德国的装甲纵队这个想法还是正确的。
[76] 参见 S. Bialer(ed.),Stalin and his Generals ,Souvenir Press:New York,1969,pp.152-75,以及 Erickson,Road to Stalingrad ,pp.31-7。
[77] 斯大林的话是依据卡扎科夫(M. I. Kazakov)将军的回忆,参见 Bialer(ed.),Stalin and His Generals ,p.145。
[78] Degras,Soviet ,pp.457-8.
[79] G. Gorodetsky,Grand Delusion:Stalin and the German Invasion of Russia ,Yale University Press:New Haven,1999,pp.31 ff.
[80] 参见Roberts,“Soviet Policy and the Baltic States”。
[81] DVP 1940-1941,vol.23,book 1,Moscow,1995,doc.240.
[82] NSR,pp.166-8.
[83] Degras,Soviet ,p.463.
[84] M. Yu. Myagkov(ed.),Mirovye Voiny XX Veka:Vtoraya Mirovaya Voina (Dokumenty I Materialy ),vol.4,Moscow,2002,doc.91. 有人认为,希特勒对英国的考虑对他做出入侵苏联的决定有非常重要的影响。对这一看法的持续争论,参见 S. Berthon and J. Potts,Warlords ,Politico’s Publishing:London,2005。
[85] G. T. Waddington,“Ribbentrop and the Soviet Union,1937-1941” in J. Erickson and D. Dilks(eds),Barbarossa ,Edinburgh University Press:Edinburgh,1994.
[86] NSR,pp.255-8.
[87] NSR,p.213.
[88] NSR,p.216.
[89] 这些指示是莫洛托夫手写的,而且似乎是由斯大林口授的。参见“Direktivy I. V. Stalina V. M. Molotovu pered Poezdkoi v Berlin v Noyabre 1940g”,Novaya i Noveishaya Istoriya ,no.4,1995。另见 L. A. Bezymenskii,“Vizit B. M. Molotova v Berlin v Noyabre 1940g. v Svete Novykh Dokumentov”,Novaya i Noveishaya Istoriya ,no.6,1995。这份文件的英文译文可见于 G. Roberts,“From Non-Aggression Treaty to War:Documenting Nazi-Soviet Relations,1939-1941”,History Review ,December 2001。
[90] NSR,pp.252-4.
[91] 对恰达耶夫的采访可参见 G. A. Kumanev,Ryadom so Stalinym ,Moscow,1999,pp.392-420。
[92] NSR,pp.258-9.
[93] J. Erickson,“Threat Identification and Strategic Appraisal by the Soviet Union,1930-1941” in E. R. May(ed.),Knowing One’s Enemies ,Princeton University Press:Princeton NJ,1984,p.414.
[94] DVP 1940-1941,vol.23,book 2,part 1,Moscow,1998,doc. 599.
[95] NSR,pp.260-4.
[96] Werth,Russia at War ,p.89.