[379] Ibid., page 131.
[380] See the list in Schickel, Ibid., pages 638—640.
[381] Ibid., page 132.
[382] Ibid., page 134.
[383] Knight, Op. cit., pages 25—27.
[384] Schickel, Op. cit., page 116.
[385] Rhodes, The Making of the Atomic Bomb, Op. cit., page 50. 对于早期经验主义与启蒙运动之间的关联，see Ernest Gellner, Plough, Sword and Book, Op. cit., page 133。
[386] Rhodes, Op. cit., pages 41—42.
[387] L. G. Wickham Legg (editor), Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1949, page 766, column 2.
[388] Rhodes, Op. cit., page 43.
[389] Dictionary of National Biography, Op. cit., page 769, column 2.
[390] Rhodes, Op. cit., page 47.
[391] Ibid.
[392] David Wilson, Rutherford: Simple Genius, London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1983, page 291.
[393] Wilson, Op. cit., page 289.
[394] Ernest Marsden, ‘Rutherford at Manchester,’ in J. B. Birks (editor), Rutherford at Manchester, London: Heywood & Co., 1962, page 8.
[395] Rhodes, Op. cit., pages 49—50.
[396] Wilson, Op. cit., pages 294 and 297.
[397] Rhodes, Op. cit., page 50.
[398] Michael White and John Gribbin, Einstein: A Life in Science, London: Simon & Schuster,1993, page 5.
[399] Ibid., page 9.
[400] Ibid., page 10.
[401] Ibid., page 8.
[402] Ronald W. Clark, Einstein: The life and Times, London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1973,page 16.
[403] Ibid., pages 76—83; see White and Gribbin, Op. cit., page 48.
[404] Clark, Einstein, Op. cit., pages 61—62.
[405] 关于其他案例，see Ibid., pages 89ff。
[406] White and Gribbin, Op. cit., page 95.
[407] Clark, Einstein, Op. cit., pages 100ff.
[408] 这部分内容基于Wiebe E. Bijker, Of Bicycles, Bakelites and Bulbs: Towards a Theory of Sociological Change, Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press, chapter 3, pages 101—108。
[409] Stephen Fenichell, Plastic: The Making of a Synthetic Century, New York: HarperCollins,1996, page 86. Bijker, Op. cit., page 130.
[410] Encyclopaedia Britannica, London: William Benton, 1963, volume 18, page 40A.
[411] Bijker, Op. cit., pages 107—115. 第114页提到了“爆炸的牙齿”。
[412] Ibid., page 119.
[413] Fenichell, Op. cit., page 89.
[414] Bijker, Op. cit., page 146.
[415] Encyclopaedia Britannica, Op. cit., page 40D. Bijker, Op. cit., page 147.
[416] Fenichell, Op. cit., page 90.
[417] Bijker, Op. cit., page 147.
[418] Ibid., page 148.
[419] Ibid., page 158.
[420] Fenichell, Op. cit., page 91.
[421] Bijker, Op. cit., pages 159—160.
[422] 关于其他用法，see also Encyclopaedia Britannica, Op. cit., page 40D。
[423] Bijker, Op. cit., page 166.
[424] Caroline Moorehead, Bertrand Russell: A Life, London: Sinclair Stevenson, 1992, page 2.
[425] 以传记形式讨论罗素作品，see Ray Monk, Bertrand Russell, The Spirit of Solitude,London: Vintage, 1997, pages 667ff。
[426] Moorehead, Op. cit., page 335.
[427] Ibid., page 35.
[428] Ibid., pages 46ff.
[429] Ronald W. Clark, The Life of Bertrand Russell, London: Penguin, 1978, page 43. Moorehead, Op. cit., page 49.
[430] Moorehead, Op. cit., pages 96ff.
[431] Ibid., pages 97—100.
[432] Clark, Bertrand Russell and His World, London: Thames & Hudson, 1981, page 28; see Monk, Op. cit.,page 153.
[433] Monk, Op. cit., pages 129ff and passim; Moorehead, Op. cit., page 94.
[434] Moorehead, Op. cit., page 96.
[435] Bertrand Russell, ‘Whitehead and Principia Mathematical,’ Mind, volume lvii, No. 226,April 1948, pages 137—138.
[436] Bertrand Russell, The Autobiography of Bertrand Russell, 1872—1914, London: George Allen & Unwin, 1967, page 152.
[437] Moorehead, Op. cit., pages 99ff.
[438] Monk, Op. cit., page 192.
[439] Ibid., page 193.
[440] Ibid., page 191.
[441] Moorehead, Op. cit., page 101.
[442] Ibid., page 102.
[443] Monk, Op. cit., page 193.
[444] Ibid., page 195.
[445] M. Weatherall, In Search of a Cure: A History of Pharmaceutical Discovery, Oxford:Oxford University Press, 1990, page 83.
[446] Ibid., pages 84—85.
[447] Ibid., page 86.
[448] Claude Quétel, Le Mal de Naples: histoire de la syphilis, Paris: Editions Seghers, 1986;translated as History of Syphilis, London: Polity Press in association with Basil Blackwell,1990, pages 2ff.
[449] Allan M. Brandt, No Magic Bullet: A Social History of Venereal Disease in the United States since 1880, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1985, page 23.
[450] Quetel, Op. cit., page 149.
[451] Ibid., page 146.
[452] Ibid., page 152.
[453] Ibid., pages 157—158.
[454] Martha Marquardt, Paul Ehrlich, London: Heinemann, 1949, page 163. Brandt, Op. cit.,page 40.
[455] Quetel, Op. cit., page 141.
[456] Marquardt, Op. cit., page 28.
[457] Ibid., pages 86ff.
[458] Ibid., page 160.
[459] Ibid., pages 163ff.
[460] Ibid., page 168.
[461] Ibid., pages 175—176.
[462] Sigmund Freud, Three Essays on the Theory of Sexuality, 1905, now available as part of volume VII of the Collected Works (see chapter I, note 1, supra), pages 20—21n.
[463] David Levering Lewis, W. E. B. Du Bois: A Biography of a Race, New York: Holt, 1993,page 392.
[464] Ibid., pages 387—389.
[465] Manning Marable, W. E. B. Du Bois: Black Radical Democrat, Boston: Twayne, 1986,page 98.
[466] Lewis, Op. cit., page 393.
[467] Marable, Op. cit., pages 52ff.
[468] Lewis, Op. cit., page 33.
[469] Marable, Op. cit., page 49.
[470] Lewis, Op. cit., pages 302—303.
[471] Ibid., page 316.
[472] Ibid., pages 387ff.
[473] Marable, Op. cit., page 73.
[474] Lewis, Op. cit., page 404.
[475] Ibid., page 406.
[476] Marable, Op. cit., page 73.
[477] Lewis, Op. cit., page 405.
[478] Everdell, The First Moderns, Op. cit., page 209.
[479] Ibid., pages 210 and 215—219.
[480] Ibid., page 217.
[481] Mike Hawkins, Social Darwinism in European and American Thought, Op. cit., pages 239—240.
[482] Ibid., pages 229—230.
[483] Kenneth M. Ludmerer, Genetics and American Society, Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1972, page 60.
[484] Ernst Mayr, The Growth of Biological Thought, Op. cit., pages 752ff.
[485] Bruce Wallace, The Search for the Gene, Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1992, page 56.
[486] Mayr, Op. cit., pages 750—751.
[487] Wallace, Op. cit., pages 57—58; Mayr, Op. cit., page 748.
[488] Peter J. Bowler, The Mendelian Revolution, Op. cit., page 132; Mayr, Op. cit., page 752.
[489] Mayr, Op. cit., page 753.
[490] T. H. Morgan, A. H. Sturtevant, H. J. Muller and C. B. Bridges, The Mechanism of Mendelian Inheritance, New York: Henry Holt, 1915; see Bowler, Op. cit., page 134.
[491] Bowler, Op. cit., page 144.
[492] Melville J. Herskovits, Franz Boas: The Science of Man in the Making, New York:Charles Scribner's Sons, 1953, page 17. 关于博厄斯的政治观点以及他对德国政治体制的反感，see Douglas Cole, Franz Boas: The Early Years 1858—1906, Vancouver/Toronto: Douglas & Mclntyre and the University of Washington Press, Washington and London, 1999, pages 278ff。
[493] Ludmerer, Op. cit., page 25.
[494] 有关前后渊源，see Franz Boas, The Mind of Primitive Man, New York: Macmillan,1911, pages 53ff。
[494-0]于1917 年在总统未行使否决权的情况下成为正式法律。
[495] Ludmerer, Op. cit., page 97.
[496] Franz Boas, Op. cit., page 1.
[497] Boas, Op. cit., pages 34ff.
[498] Ibid., pages 145ff.
[499] Ibid., pages 251ff.
[500] Ibid., page 278.
[501] Bertrand Flornoy, Inca Adventure, London: George Allen & Unwin, 1956, page 195.
[502] Hiram Bingham, Lost City of the Incas, London: Phoenix House, 1951, page 100.
[503] John Hemming, The Conquest of the Incas, London: Macmillan, 1970; paperback edition 1993, page 243.
[504] Bingham, Op. cit., pages 50—52.
[505] Hemming, Op. cit., pages 463—464.
[506] Ibid., page 464.
[507] Bingham, Op. cit., page 141.
[508] Flornoy, Op. cit., page 194.
[509] Bingham, Op. cit., page 141.
[510] Hemming, Op. cit., page 464.
[511] Bingham, Op. cit., pages 142—143.
[512] Nigel Davies, The Incas, Niwot, Colorado: University of Colorado Press, 1995, page 9.
[513] Hemming, Op. cit., page 469.
[514] Ibid., page 470.
[515] Bingham, Op. cit., page 152. Hemming, Op. cit., page 470.
[516] Hemming, Op. cit., page 472.
[517] David R. Oldroyd, Thinking About the Earth, London: The Athlone Press, 1996, page 250.
[518] See map in see Ibid., page 251.
[519] George Gamow, Biography of the Earth, London: Macmillan, 1941, page 133.
[519-0] 岩石所受的压力及其年龄都决定着其熔融的状态。物质越发致密，其温度也相应升高，正如我们在世界上最深的金矿南非的罗宾逊矿坑所见。在那里，坑道中的墙壁炽热无比，必须安装造价高达50 万美元的制冷设备（1960 年的价格）才能防止矿工被活活烤死。实际上，研究表明在地下约7200 英尺深处，环境温度就已达到水的沸点。
[520] Oldroyd, Op. cit., page 250.
[520-0] 具有讽刺意味的是，一些现代大学的地质学系仍将10月26日作为地球的生日来庆祝。
[521] R. Gheyselinck, The Restless Earth, London: The Scientific Book Club, 1939, page 281.有关地槽的地图，see Oldroyd, Op. cit., page 257。
[522] 其他参考文献，see Oldroyd, Op. cit., pages 144 and 312。
[523] Gamow, Op. cit., pages 2ff.
[524] Robert Frost, A Boy's Will, verse 2, ‘The Trial by Existence,’ 1913; in Robert Frost:Collected Poems, Prose and Plays, New York: The Library of America, 1995, page 28.Everdell, Op. cit., 其中第21章“奇迹之年”指的便是1913年。
[525] John Rewald, Cézanne and America: Dealers, Collectors, Artists and Critics, Princeton:Princeton University Press, 1989, page 175.
[526] Judith Zilczer, The Noble Buyer: John Quinn, Patron of the Avant-Garde, Washington D.C.: Published for the Hirschhorn Museum by the Smithsonian Institution Press.
[527] Milton Brown, The Story of the Armory Show, New York: Abbeville Press, 1988, pages 107ff.
[528] Peter Watson, From Manet to Manhattan: The Rise of the Modern Art Market, London:Hutchinson, 1992; New York: Random House, 1992, pages 176ff.
[529] Rewald, Op. cit., pages 166—168; Brown, Op. cit., pages 64—73.
[530] Watson, Op. cit., page 179.
[531] Brown, Op. cit., pages 133ff.
[532] Ibid., page 143.
[533] Ibid., pages 119ff and 238—239.
[534] Roger Shattuck, The Banquet Years, Op. cit., pages 282—283.
[535] Marcel Adema, Apollinaire, London: Heinemann, 1954, page 162.
[536] Ibid., pages 163—164; Everdell, Op. cit., page 330.
[537] Adema, Op. cit., page 164.
[538] Everdell, The First Moderns, Op. cit., page 330.
[539] 关于阿波利奈尔的精彩介绍，see Shattuck, The Banquet Years, Op. cit., chapters 9 and 10, pages 253—322。
[540] Schonberg, The Lives of the Great Composers, Op. cit., page 431.
[541] Everdell, Op. cit., pages 329—330.
[542] Peter Watson, Nureyev: A Biography, London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1994, pages 87—88.
[543] Schonberg, Op. cit., page 433.
[544] Ibid.
[545] Ibid., page 434.
[546] Ibid.
[547] Richard Buckle, Diaghilev, London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1979, page 175.
[548] Schonberg, Op. cit., page 430.
[549] Everdell, Op. cit., page 331.
[550] Buckle, Op. cit., page 251.
[551] Schonberg, Op. cit., page 431; Buckle, Op. cit., page 253.
[552] Schonberg, Op. cit., page 431.
[553] Buckle, Op. cit., page 254.
[554] Ibid., page 255.
[555] Everdell, Op. cit., page 333.
[556] Henri Quittard, Le Figaro, 31 May 1913; quoted in Everdell, Op. cit., page 333. 关于“音乐潜意识”，see Schonberg, Op. cit., page 432。
[557] Everdell, Op. cit., page 335.
[558] Clark, Einstein, Op. cit., page 199.
[559] White and Gribbin, Einstein, Op. cit., pages 132—133.
[560] Clark, Einstein, Op. cit., page 241.
[561] White and Gribbin, Op. cit., page 135.
[562] C. P. Snow, The Physicists, London: Macmillan, 1981, page 56.
[563] Rhodes, The Making of the Atomic Bomb, Op. cit., page 69; Snow, Op. cit., page 58.
[564] Ruth Moore, Niels Bohr: The Man and the Scientist, London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1967,page 71. See Rhodes, Op. cit., pages 69—70.
[565] Rhodes, Op. cit., pages 70ff.
[566] Moore, Op. cit., page 59.
[567] Snow, Op. cit., page 57.
[568] Ibid., page 58.
[569] David Luke, Introduction, in Thomas Mann, Death in Venice and Other Stories, translated and with an introduction by David Luke, London: Minerva, 1990, page ix.
[570] Ibid., page xxxv.
[571] Ronald Hayman, Thomas Mann, New York: Scribner, 1995, page 252.
[572] Luke, Op. cit., pages xxxiv—xli.
[573] Brenda Maddox, The Married Man: A Life of D. H. Lawrence, London: Sinclair Stevenson, 1994, page 36.
[574] Helen Baron and Carl Baron, Introduction to: D. H. Lawrence, Sons and Lovers,London: Heinemann, 1913; reprinted Cambridge University Press and Penguin Books, 1992,page xviii.
[575] James T. Boulton (editor), The Letters of D. H. Lawrence, volume 1, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1979, pages 476—477; quoted in Baron and Baron, Op. cit., page xix.
[576] Baron and Baron, Op. cit., page xviii.
[577] See George Painter, Marcel Proust: A Biography, volume 2, London: Chatto & Windus,1965, especially chapter 3. 关于无意识的解释，see Harold March, The Two Worlds of Marcel Proust, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1948, pages 241 and 245。
[578] See the index in Painter, Op. cit., for details, pages 407ff.
[579] Clark, Freud, Op. cit., pages 305—306.
[580] 关于弗洛伊德所理解的维也纳社会生活与“挫折”，see Janik and Toulmin, Wittgenstein's Vienna, Op. cit., page 76。
[581] Frank McLynn, Carl Gustav Jung, London: Bantam Press, 1996, page 72.
[582] Ibid., pages 176ff.
[583] Barbara Hannah, Jung: His Life and Work, London: Michael Joseph, 1977, page 69.
[584] J. A. C. Brown, Freud and the Post-Freudians, Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1961, page 43.关于荣格的种族和集体无意识理论，see pages 46 and 48。第43页呈现了支持其理论的“证据”。
[585] McLynn, Op. cit., page 305. Brown, Op. cit., page 43.
[586] Clark, Freud, Op. cit., page 332.
[587] Richard Noll, The Aryan Christ: The Secret Life of Carl Gustav Jung, London: Macmillan,1997, page 108.
[588] Clark, Freud, Op. cit., page 331.
[589] Ibid., page 352.
[590] Ibid.
[591] Peter Gay, A Life for Our Time, London: J. M. Dent, 1988, page 332.
[592] Clark, Freud, Op. cit., page 356.
[593] Gay, Op. cit., page 242, 提出了弗洛伊德是否“需要”化敌为友的问题。
[594] Robert Frost, Op. cit., verse 4: ‘Reluctance,’ page 38.
[595] Ronald Clark, Freud, Op. cit., page 366.
[596] Ibid., page 366.
[597] Caroline Moorehead, Bertrand Russell: A Life, Op. cit., page 205.
[598] John Richardson, A Life of Picasso, 1907—1917: The Painter of Modern Life, volume 2,London: Jonathan Cape, 1996, pages 344—345.
[599] Everdell, The First Moderns, Op. cit., page 346.
[600] Ibid.
[601] Ibid..
[602] For Example, see Paul Fussell, The Great War and Modern Memory, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1975; and Jay Winter, Sites of Memory, Sites of Mourning: The Great War in European Cultural History, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995.
[603] Fussell, Op. cit., page 9.
