[822] Richard Ellmann, James Joyce, New York: Oxford University Press, 1959, page 401.
[823] Declan Kiberd, Introduction to James Joyce's Ulysses, Paris: Shakespeare & Co., 1922;Penguin edition of the 1960 Bodley Head edition, 1992, page lxxxi.
[824] Ellmann, Op. cit., page 672; John Wyse Jackson and Peter Costello, John Stanislaus Joyce: The Voluminous Life and Genius of Joyce's Father, London: Fourth Estate, 1997,pages 254—255.
[824-0] 事实上，《尤利西斯》的神话成分比许多读者意识到的要更多，其中许多典故都暗指身体的不同部位（肾脏和肉体等）。这一隐含意义在他于1930 年与斯图尔特· 吉尔伯特合著的《詹姆斯· 乔伊斯的〈尤利西斯〉》中得以披露。但这一信息对从《尤利西斯》获取丰富而有益的阅读体验并非必要。
[825] Ibid., page xxiii.
[826] Ellmann, Op. cit., page 551.
[827] Kiberd, Op. cit., page xxxii.
[828] James Joyce, Ulysses, Op. cit., page 271.
[829] Ibid., page 595.
[830] Kiberd, Op. cit., pages xv and lx.
[831] Ibid., pages xxx and xliv.
[832] David Perkins, A History of Modern Poetry, Volume 1, Cambridge, Massachusetts:Harvard University Press, 1976, page 572.
[833] Ibid., page 601.
[834] Ibid., page 584.
[835] Ibid., page 596.
[836] A. Norman Jeffares, W. B. Yeats, London: Hutchinson: 1988, page 261.
[837] Perkins, Op. cit., page 578.
[838] Jeffares, Op. cit., page 275.
[839] James R. Mellow, Invented Lives: F. Scott and Zelda Fitzgerald, Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1985, page 56.
[840] F. Scott Fitzgerald, The Great Gatsby, London: Penguin, 1990, page 18.
[841] Matthew Bruccoli, Some Sort of Epic Grandeur: The Life of F. Scott Fitzgerald, London:Hodder & Stoughton, 1981, page 221.
[842] 关于本书结尾的修订，see Ibid., pages 217—218。
[843] Ibid., page 223.
[844] Paul Johnson, A History of the Modern World from 1917 to the 1980s, Op. cit., pages 9—10.
[845] Harold March, The Two Worlds of Marcel Proust, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1948,page 114.
[846] Ibid., pages 182—194.
[847] Ibid., page 228.
[848] 有关弗洛伊德和普鲁斯特的讨论，see Ibid., pages 241—242。
[849] George Painter, André Gide: A Critical Biography, London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1968, page 142.
[850] Justin O'Brien, Portrait of André Gide: A Critical Biography, London: Seeker &Warburg, 1953, pages 254—255.
[851] Painter, Op. cit., page 143.
[852] O'Brien, Op. cit., page 195.
[853] Kate Flint, Introduction to Oxford University Paperback edition of Jacob's Room, Oxford,1992, pages xiii—xiv.
[854] James King, Virginia Woolf, London: Hamish Hamilton, 1994, page 148.
[855] Ibid., pages 314—315. 关于艾略特的反应，see Hermione Lee, Virginia Woolf, London:Chatto & Windus, 1996, page 444。
[856] Virginia Woolf, Diaries, 26 January 1920, quoted in Flint, Op. cit., page xii.
[857] Ibid., page xiv.
[858] King, Op. cit., page 318.
[859] Virginia Woolf, Jacob's Room, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1992 edition, page 37,quoted in Flint, Op. cit., page xv.
[860] Robert Hughes, The Shock of the New, Op. cit., page 212.
[861] Ibid., page 213.
[862] Ibid.
[863] Walter Hopps, Ernst at Surrealism's Dawn: 1925—1927, in William A. Camfield, Max Ernst: Dada and the Dawn of Surrealism, Munich: Prestel-Verlag, 1993, page 157.
[864] Camfield, Op. cit., page 158.
[865] Hughes, Op. cit., page 215.
[866] See the sequence of piazzas, plates vii—xv, in Maurizio Fagiolo Dell'Arco, De Chirico 1908—1924, Milano: Rizzoli, 1984.
[867] Hughes, Op. cit., pages 217—221.
[868] See ‘The Politics of Bafflement,’ in Carolyn Lanchner, Joan Miró, New York: Harry N.Abrams, 1993, page 49.
[869] Ibid., pages 28—32.
[870] Hughes, Op. cit., pages 231 and 235.
[871] Ibid., pages 237—238. See Robert Descharnes, The World of Salvador Dalí, London:Macmillan, 1962, page 63. 关于达利痴迷于自己的容貌，see Ian Gibson, The Shameful Life of Salvador Dali, London and Boston: Faber & Faber, 1997, pages 70—71。
[872] Descharnes, Op. cit., page 61. Gibson, Op. cit., page 283.
[873] A. M. Hammacher, René Magritte, London: Thames & Hudson, 1974, figures 81 and 88.
[874] Ibid.，整个部分都用于论述马格里特。
[875] Stephen Jay Gould, The Mismeasure of Man, Op. cit., page 260.
[876] Ibid., page 261.
[877] Ibid.
[878] Laurie R. Godfrey (editor), Scientists Confront Creationism, New York: W. W. Norton,1983, passim.
[879] Hofstadter, Anti-Intellectualism in American Life, New York: Knopf, 1963, page 126.
[880] Ibid., page 125.
[881] Ronald L. Numbers, Darwinism Comes to America, Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1998, pages 77—89.
[882] Hofstadter, Op. cit., pages 124—125.
[883] James M. Hutchisson, Introduction to: Sinclair Lewis, Babbitt, New York: Harcourt Brace &Co., 1922; Penguin edition, London, 1996, pages xiiff.
[884] Ibid., pages viii—xi.
[885] Ibid., xi.
[886] Mark Schorer, Sinclair Lewis: An American Life, London: Heinemann, 1963, page 345.See Hutchisson, Op. cit., page xii.
[887] Hutchisson, Op. cit., page xxvi.
[888] Alfred Kazin, On Native Grounds, New York: Harcourt Brace, 1942; paperback, third edition, 1995, page 221.
[889] Hutchisson, Op. cit., page xvii.
[890] Schorer, Op. cit., pages 353—356.
[891] Asa Briggs, The Birth of Broadcasting, Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press,1961, page 65.
[892] Theodore Peterson, Magazines in the Twentieth Century, Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1956, pages 40ff and 211.
[893] Ibid., page 211.
[894] Ibid.
[895] Janice A. Radway, A Feeling for Books: The Book-of-the-Month Club, Literary Taste and Middle Class Desire, Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1997, pages 195—196.
[896] Ibid., pages 221ff.
[897] Robert S. and Helen Merrell Lynd, Middletown: A Study in Contemporary American Culture, London: Constable, 1929, page vi.
[898] Ibid., page 7.
[899] Ibid., page 249.
[900] Ibid., page 48.
[901] Ibid., pages 53ff.
[902] Ibid., page 83.
[903] Ibid., page 115.
[904] Ibid., page 532.
[905] Ibid., page 36.
[906] David Levering Lewis, When Harlem was in Vogue, New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1981,page 165.
[907] Ibid., page 168.
[908] Discussion see George Hutchinson, The Harlem Renaissance in Black and White, Cambridge,Massachusetts: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1995, pages 396ff.
[909] Lewis, Op. cit., pages 91—92.
[910] 关于在此背景下种族科学的讨论，see Hutchinson, Op. cit., pages 289—304。
[911] Ibid., pages 145—146. See Lewis, Op. cit., pages 34—35.
[912] Lewis, Op. cit., page 33.
[913] Ibid., pages 51ff.
[914] Ibid., pages 67—71.
[915] 关于对洛克观点的批评，see Hutchinson, Op. cit., page 396。
[916] Ibid., pages 170ff.; see Lewis, Op. cit., pages 115—116.
[916-0] 直到20 世纪80 年代，在大卫· 利弗林· 刘易斯和乔治· 哈钦森等学者的努力下，哈莱姆的历史才得以完全恢复。我的描述也主要是基于他们的研究。
[917] Lewis, Op. cit., pages 180ff.
[918] Peterson, Op. cit., page 235.
[919] Ibid., page 238.
[920] Ibid., page 240.
[921] Ibid., page 241.
[922] Asa Briggs, Op. cit., page 65.
[923] John Cain, The BBC: Seventy Years of Broadcasting, London: BBC, 1992, pages 11 and 20.
[924] Ibid., pages 10—15.
[925] 数据整合自下书的图表：Briggs, Op. cit., passim。Cain, Op. cit., page 13.
[926] Briggs, Op. cit., page 14.
[927] Radway, Op. cit., pages 219—220 and chapter 7, ‘The Scandal of the Middlebrow,’pages 221ff.
[928] Cain, Op. cit., page 15.
[929] Ibid., page 25.
[930] Otto Friedrich, Before the Deluge: A Portrait of Berlin in the 1920s, London: Michael Joseph, 1974, page 67.
[931] 关于波默对迈耶和雅诺维茨的反应，see Lotte H. Eisner, The Haunted Screen:Expressionism in the German Cinema and the Influence of Max Reinhard, London and New York: Thames & Hudson, 1969, pages 17—27。
[932] Peter Gay, Weimar Culture: The Outsider as Insider, London: Martin Seeker & Warburg,1969, page 107.
[933] Ibid., page 126.
[934] Ibid.
[935] Ibid..
[936] Friedrich, Op. cit., page 66.
[937] Ibid. 关于这部电影的成功，see Geoffrey Nowell-Smith, The Oxford History of World Cinema, Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 1996, page 144; 关于波默的评价，see page 145。
[938] Friedrich, Op. cit., page 67.
[939] Gay, Op. cit., pages 108—109.
[940] Ibid., page 110.
[941] Ibid., page 32.
[942] Ibid., page 34.
[943] Hughes, The Shock of the New, Op. cit., page 175.
[944] Ibid., pages 192—195; Gay, Op. cit., pages 102ff.
[945] Friedrich, Op. cit., page 160.
[946] Gay, Op. cit., page 105.
[947] Hughes, Op. cit., page 195.
[948] Ibid.
[949] Ibid., page 199.
[950] Ibid.
[951] Bryan Magee, Men of Ideas: Some Creators of Contemporary Philosophy, Oxford:Oxford University Press, 1978, paperback, 1982, page 44.
[952] Martin Jay, The Dialectical Imagination: A History of the Frankfurt School and the Institute of Social Research, 1923—1950, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1973,paperback edition 1996, pages 152—153. Magee, Op. cit., pages 44 and 50.
[953] Magee, Op. cit., page 50.
[954] Jay, Op. cit., pages 86ff.
[955] Magee, Op. cit., page 48.
[956] Ibid., page 51.
[957] Ibid., page 52.
[958] Ibid.
[959] Gay, Op. cit., page 49.
[960] Ibid., pages 51—52.
[961] E. M. Butler, Rainer Maria Rilke, Cambridge University Press, 1941, page 14.
[962] Ibid., pages 147ff.
[963] Friedrich, Op. cit., page 304.
[964] Gay, Op. cit., page 54.
[965] Ibid., page 59.
[966] Ibid., page 55.
[967] Butler, Op. cit., page 317.
[968] Quoted in Ibid., page 327.
[969] Gay, Op. cit., page 55.
[970] Ibid., page 57.
[971] Ibid.
[972] Ibid., page 59.
[973] Friedrich, Op. cit., page 220，其中道出了爱因斯坦的困难处境。See Gay, Op. cit.,pages 129ff.
[974] Hayman, Thomas Mann, Op. cit., pages 344—348.
[975] Gay, Op. cit., page 131.
[976] Hayman, Op. cit., page 346.
[977] Gay, Op. cit., page 131.
[978] Ibid., pages 132—133.
[979] Ibid., page 136.
[980] Bruno Walter, ‘Themes and Variations: An Autobiography,’ 1946, pages 268—269,quoted in Gay, Op. cit., page 137.
[981] Schonberg, The Lives of the Great Composers, Op. cit., page 526.
[982] Friedrich, Op. cit., page 178; Griffiths, Modern Music, Op. cit., page 81.
[983] Schonberg, Op. cit., page 526.
[984] Ibid.
[985] Griffiths, Op. cit., page 82.
[986] Friedrich, Op. cit., pages 155 and 181.
[987] Griffiths, Op. cit., pages 36—37. Schonberg, Op. cit., page 524.
[988] Schonberg, Op. cit., page 524.
[989] Friedrich, Op. cit., page 183.
[990] Schonberg, Op. cit., page 527.
[991] Peter Conrad, Modern Times, Modern Places: Art and Life in the Twentieth Century,London: Thames & Hudson, 1998, pages 327—328.
[992] Friedrich, Op. cit., page 243.
[993] Ibid., page 244.
[994] Ronald Hayman, Brecht: A Biography, London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1983, page 138.
[995] Ibid., page 130.
[996] Ibid., pages 131ff.
[997] Ibid., page 134.
[998] Ibid., page 135.
[999] Griffiths, Op. cit., pages 112—113.
[1000] Hayman, Brecht, page 148.
[1001] Ibid.
[1002] Ibid., page 149.
[1003] Ibid., page 148.
[1004] Ibid., page 147.
[1005] Hugo Ott, Martin Heidegger: A Political Life, London: HarperCollins, 1993, page 125.
[1006] Paul Huhnerfeld, In Sachen Heidegger, 1961, pages 14ff., quoted in Gay, Op. cit., page 85.
[1007] Magee, Op. cit., pages 59—60; Gay, Op. cit., page 86.
[1008] 毕竟，他和存在主义神学家鲁道夫·布特曼以及卡尔·巴特的危机神学走得很近（见本书第32章）。Ott, Op. cit., page 125.
[1009] Magee, Op. cit., page 67.
[1010] Ibid.
[1011] Ibid., pages 67 and 73.
[1012] Ott, Op. cit., page 122ff.and 332. See Gay, Op. cit., page 86.
[1013] Mary Gluck, Georg Lukacs and His Generation, 1900—1918, Op. cit., page 211.
[1014] Johnston, The Austrian Mind, Op. cit., page 366.
[1015] Ibid., page 367.
[1016] Gluck, Op. cit., page 218.
[1017] Johnston, Op. cit., page 368.
[1018] Ibid., page 372.
[1019] Conrad, Op. cit., page 504.
[1020] Johnston, Op. cit., page 374.
[1021] Magee, Op. cit., page 96.
[1022] Ibid.
[1023] Ben Rogers, A. J. Ayer: A Life, London: Chatto & Windus, 1999, pages 86—87.
[1024] Magee, Op. cit., pages 102—103.
[1025] Ibid., page 103.
[1026] Rogers, Op. cit., pages 91—92.
[1027] Johnston, Op. cit., page 195.
[1028] Robert Musil, Der Mann Ohne Eigenschaften, 1930—1943; The Man Without Qualities,New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1995, (trans) Sophie Wilkins. 以下作品对该部分内容帮助良多：Philip Payne, Robert Musil's ‘The Man without Qualities,’ Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988, passim。
[1028-0] 《没有个性的人》中并未提到乌尔里希的姓，理由是“顾及他的父亲，我们应该把他的姓氏隐去”。—译注
[1029] Johnston, Op. cit., page 335.
[1030] Franz Kuna, ‘The Janus-faced Novel: Conrad, Musil, Kafka, Mann,’ in Malcolm Bradbury and James McFarlane (editors), Modernism, Op. cit., page 449.
[1031] Ronald Speirs and Beatrice Sandburg, Franz Kafka, Op. cit., pages 1 and 5.
[1032] Speirs and Sandburg, Op. cit., page 15.
[1033] P. Mailloux, A Hesitation Before Birth: A Life of Franz Kafka, London and Toronto:Associated Universities Presses, 1989, page 13.
[1034] Ibid., page 352.
[1035] Speirs and Sandburg, Op. cit., pages 105ff.
[1036] Mailloux, Op. cit., page 355.
[1037] Richard Davenport-Hines, Auden, London: Heinemann, 1995, page 26.
[1038] Alan Bullock, Hitler and Stalin: Parallel Lives, London: HarperCollins, 1991; Fontana Paperback, 1993, page 148.
[1039] Ibid., page 149.
[1040] Adolf Hitler, Mein Kampf, published in English as ‘My Struggle,’ London: Hurst &Blackett, The Paternoster Press, October 1933 (eleven impressions by October 1935);see Bullock, Op. cit., pages 405—406.
[1041] George L. Mosse, The Crisis of German Ideology: Intellectual Origins of the Third Reich, New York: Howard Festig, 1998.
[1042] Ibid. 关于朗本、埃达及迪德里希斯，see page 39, 72, 52ff。
[1043] Ibid., pages 102—103.
[1044] Ibid., page 99.
[1045] Ibid., page 155.
[1046] Werner Maser, Hitler: Legend, Myth and Reality, New York: Harper & Row, 1973, page 157.
[1047] Ibid., page 158.
[1048] Ibid., page 159.
[1049] Mosse, Op. cit., pages 89—91.
[1050] Maser, Op. cit., page 162.
[1051] Mosse, Op. cit., pages 95, 159 and 303.
[1052] Percy Schramm, Hitler: The Man and the Military Leader, London: Allen Lane, The Penguin Press, 1972, pages 77—78.
[1053] Maser, Op. cit., pages 42ff.
[1054] Ibid., page 165.
[1055] Ibid., page 167.
[1056] Mosse, Op. cit., page 295.
[1057] Maser, Op. cit., page 169.
[1058] Ibid., page 135.
[1059] Schramm, Op. cit., pages 84ff.
[1060] Maser, Op. cit., page 154.
[1061] J. B. Bury, The Idea of Progress, London: Macmillan, 1920.
[1062] Ibid., pages 98ff.
[1063] Ibid., pages 291ff.
[1064] Ibid., pages 177ff.
[1065] Ibid., page 192.
[1066] Ibid., pages 335ff.
