[1865] Simone de Beauvoir, La Force des Choses, Paris: Gallimard, 1960, page 29, quoted in Beevor and Cooper, Op. cit., page 206.
[1866] Kate Millett, Sexual Politics, London: Rupert Hart-Davis, 1971, page 346.
[1867] 具有讽刺意味的是，热内服刑的曼特雷监狱是个农业基地，热内的传记者如此说：“这个地方一眼看去有田园诗般的错觉（四周没有围墙，通往监狱的长长的小路两边种植着高大的树木），倒霉的是，这里管理完善……”Edmund White, Genet,London: Chatto & Windus, 1993, page 68.
[1868] 热内为保住黑人演员的饭碗而顽强斗争。关于他在波兰的斗争，see White, Op. cit.,pages 502—503。
[1869] Andrew K. Kennedy, Samuel Beckett, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989,pages 4—5.
[1870] James Knowlson, Damned to Fame: The Life of Samuel Beckett, London: Bloomsbury,1996, page 54.
[1871] Kennedy, Op. cit., page 8.
[1872] Knowlson, Op. cit., page 175.
[1873] Beevor and Cooper, Op. cit., page 173.
[1874] Kennedy, Op. cit., pages 6, 7, 9 and 11.
[1875] Knowlson, Op. cit., page 387.
[1876] Kennedy, Op. cit., page 24.
[1877] Ibid., page 42.
[1878] “戈多”这一形象在犯人中广受欢迎，在德国、美国以及其他地方都是如此。相关的讨论，see Knowlson, Op. cit., pages 409ff。
[1879] 相关的讨论，see Kennedy, Op. cit., page 30。
[1880] Ibid., pages 33—34 and 40—41.
[1881] Claude Bonnefoy, Conversations with Eugène Ionescu, London: Faber & Faber, 1970,page 65.
[1882] Ibid., page 82.
[1883] 关于尤内斯库对“个人的终结”的思想，see Eugène Ionescu, Present Past, Past Present: A Personal Memoir, London, Calder & Boyars, 1972, translator Helen R. Lane,page 139。
[1884] Bonnefoy, Op. cit., pages 167—168.
[1885] 参见他于1944年初写的信，当时他正与加缪竞争追求一位年轻女性。Simone de Beauvoir (editor), Quiet Moments in a War: The Letters of Jean-Paul Sartre to Simone de Beauvoir, 1940—1963, London: Hamish Hamilton, translators Lee Fahnestock and Norman MacAfee, 1994, page 263. And Simone de Beauvoir, Adieu: A Farewell to Sartre, London: André Deutsch and Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1984，其中她的文辞庄重而动人。
[1886] Claude Francis and Fernande Gontier, Simone de Beauvoir, London: Sidgwick & Jackson,1987, page 207.
[1887] Ibid., page 235.
[1888] Deidre Bair, Simone de Beauvoir, London: Jonathan Cape, 1990, pages 325, 379—380.
[1889] Bair, Op. cit., page 379.
[1890] Ibid., page 380.
[1891] See discussion in Bair, Op. cit., page 383, chapter 40.
[1892] 关于该书在法国的受欢迎程度，see Francis and Gontier, Op. cit., page 251；关于该书的影响，see page 253。
[1893] Bair, Op. cit., page 387. 关于《第二性》的心理分析方法，see also Toril Moi,Simone de Beauvoir: The Making of an Intellectual Woman, Oxford: Blackwell, 1994,pages 155ff。
[1894] 该书被译成了16种语言：Francis and Gontier, Op. cit., page 254。
[1895] Bair, Op. cit., pages 432—433.
[1896] Ibid., page 438.
[1897] Brendan Gill, ‘No More Eve,’ New Yorker, volume XXIX, Number 2, February 28, 1953,pages 97—99, quoted in Bair, Op. cit., page 439.
[1898] Bair, Op. cit., page 432.
[1899] 他自视“达尔文第二”：James H. Jones, Alfred C. Kinsey: A Public/Private Life, New York: W. W. Norton, 1997, pages 25ff。
[1900] John Heidenry, What Wild Ecstasy: The Rise and Fall of the Sexual Revolution, New York: Simon & Schuster, 1997, page 21.
[1901] John D'Emilio and Estelle B. Freedman, Intimate Matters: A History of Sexuality in America, New York: Harper & Row, 1988, page 285.
[1902] Ibid.
[1903] Ibid.
[1904] Ibid., page 286.
[1905] Ibid.
[1906] Heidenry, Op. cit., page 21.
[1907] Jones, Op. cit., pages 690—691；See also D'Emilio and Freedman, Op. cit., page 286.
[1908] Jones, Op. cit., page 695.
[1909] Heidenry, Op. cit., page 21.
[1910] D'Emilio and Freedman, Op. cit., page 288.
[1911] Heidenry, Op. cit., page 23.
[1912] Ibid.
[1913] Ibid., pages 24—25.
[1914] Ibid.
[1915] Ibid., page 26.
[1916] D'Emilio and Freedman, Op. cit., pages 268 and 312. Heidenry, Op. cit., page 28.
[1917] Heidenry, Op. cit., page 29.
[1918] Ibid., page 33.
[1919] Ibid.
[1920] Audrey Leathard, The Fight for Family Planning, London: Macmillan, 1980, page 72.
[1921] Ibid., page 87.
[1922] Ibid., page 84.
[1923] Heidenry, Op. cit., page 31.
[1924] 有关罗克的哲学，see Leathard, Op. cit., page 114。
[1925] Heidenry, Op. cit., page 31.
[1926] Leathard, Op. cit., page 104. Heidenry, Op. cit., page 31.
[1927] Heidenry, Op. cit., pages 31—32.
[1928] Ibid., page 32.
[1929] Leathard, Op. cit., page 105.
[1930] 为了保全自己在康奈尔大学的全职教授位置，他原本打算匿名发表此书，但是出版商法拉、施特劳斯和吉鲁斯认为这有碍于他们对该书的文学定位。这种说法一直存有争议。See Andrew Field, VN: The Life and Art of Vladimir Nabokov, London:Macdonald/Queen Anne Press, 1987, pages 299—300.
[1931] 纳博科夫拒绝用心理分析的方法阐述其著作，Ibid., pages 324—325。
[1932] Daniel Horowitz, Betty Friedan: The Making of the Feminine Mystique, Amherst:University of Massachusetts Press, 1998, page 193.
[1933] Betty Friedan, The Feminine Mystique, New York: W. W. Norton, 1963; reprinted by Dell Publishing, paperback, 1984, page 7.
[1934] 关于其他方面的反应，see Horowitz, Op. cit., page 202。
[1935] Friedan, Op. cit., page 38.
[1936] Horowitz, Op. cit., pages 2—3.
[1937] Friedan, Op. cit., pages 145—146.
[1938] Ibid., page 16.
[1939] Ibid., page 383.
[1940] See also Horowitz, Op. cit., pages 226—227.
[1941] David Riesman, with Nathan Glazer and Reuel Denney, The Lonely Crowd, New Haven:Yale University Press, 1950, reprinted 1989 with the Preface to the 1961 edition and with a new Preface, page xxiv.
[1942] Ibid., pages 5ff.
[1943] Ibid., page 11.
[1944] Ibid., page 15.
[1945] Ibid., page 18.
[1946] Ibid., page 19.
[1947] Ibid., page 22.
[1948] Ibid., see chapters VIII, IX and X.
[1948-0] 这份名单包括伦纳德·伯恩斯坦、李·科布、亚伦·科普兰、乔斯·费雷、丽莲·海尔曼、兰斯顿·休斯、伯尔·艾夫斯、吉普赛·罗斯·李、阿瑟·米勒、泽罗·莫斯特尔、多罗西·帕克、阿蒂·肖、欧文·肖、威廉·夏伊勒、山姆·沃纳梅克和奥森·威尔斯。
[1949] Ellen Schrecker, The Age of McCarthyism: A Brief History with Documents, Boston:Bedford Books, 1994, page 63.
[1950] Herman, The Idea of Decline in Western History, Op. cit., page 316.
[1951] Ibid.
[1952] Ibid..
[1953] 阿多诺暗示，过去源于家庭的感情现在转而来自政党了。See Ben Agger, The Discourse of Domination: From the Frankfurt School to Postmodernism, Evanston,Illinois: Northwestern University Press, 1992, page 251. And T. B. Bottomore, Sociology as Social Criticism, London: George Allen & Unwin, 1975, page 91.
[1954] Herman, Op. cit., page 318.
[1955] Andrew Jamison and Ron Eyerman, Seeds of the Sixties, Berkeley: Los Angeles: London:University of California Press, page 52. 我竭力推荐这本书，它很好地介绍了20世纪60年代的思想，很有见地，值得一读。
[1956] 在一封日期为1956年8月9日的信件中，玛丽·麦卡锡称，贝伦森也买过《极权主义的起源》，他也满心好奇地与阿伦特会晤。Carol Brightman, Between Friends:The Correspondence of Hannah Arendt and Mary McCarthy, 1949—1975, London:Seeker & Warburg, 1995, page 42.
[1957] 关于这一困难的创作过程，see Young-Bruehl, Op. cit., pages 201ff。
[1958] Jamison and Eyerman, Op. cit., page 47.
[1959] Young-Bruehl, Hannah Arendt, Op. cit., pages 204—211.
[1960] Hannah Arendt, The Origins of Totalitarianism, New York: Harcourt, Brace, Jovanovich,1951, page 475. Jamison and Eyerman, Op. cit., page 47.
[1961] Jamison and Eyerman, Op. cit., page 48. Young-Bruehl, Op. cit., pages 206—207.
[1962] 她本人称这本书的书名为“积极生活”：Brightman, Op. cit., page 50。
[1963] Young-Bruehl, Op. cit., page 319.
[1964] Jamieson and Eyerman, Op. cit., page 50.
[1965] Ibid., page 57.
[1966] Erich Fromm, The Sane Society, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1956.
[1967] Ibid., pages 5—9.
[1968] Ibid., pages 122ff.
[1969] Ibid., page 356.
[1970] Ibid., pages 95 and 198.
[1971] Ibid., page 222.
[1972] W. H. Whyte, The Organisation Man, London: Jonathan Cape, 1957.
[1973] Ibid., page 14.
[1974] Ibid., page 63.
[1975] Ibid., pages 101ff.
[1976] Ibid., pages 217ff.
[1977] Ibid., pages 338—341.
[1978] Jamieson and Eyerman, Op. cit., page 36.
[1979] Ibid., page 37.
[1980] Ibid., pages 36—37.
[1981] Ibid., pages 33 and 34.
[1982] C. Wright Mills, The Power Elite, New York: Oxford University Press, 1956, pages 274—275. See also Howard S. Becker, ‘Professional sociology: The case of C. Wright Mills,’in Roy C. Rist, The Democratic Imagination: Dialogues on the work of Irving Louis Horowitz, New Brunswick and London: Transaction, 1994, pages 157ff.
[1983] Jamieson and Eyerman, Op. cit., page 39.
[1984] Ibid., page 40.
[1985] C. Wright Mills, White Collar: The American Middle Classes, New York: Oxford University Press, 1953, page ix, quoted in Jamieson and Eyerman, Op. cit., page 40.
[1986] C. Wright Mills, White Collar, Op. cit., pages 294—295. Jamison and Eyerman, page 41.
[1987] Jamison and Eyerman, Op. cit., page 43.
[1988] Ibid.
[1989] C. Wright Mills, The Sociological Imagination, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1959, page 5.
[1990] Ibid., page 187.
[1991] Jamieson and Eyerman, Op. cit., page 46.
[1992] J. K. Galbraith, The Affluent Societ, Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1958, Penguin paperback,1991, page 40.
[1993] Ibid., page 65.
[1994] 加尔布雷思的首部自传清晰地记录了凯恩斯对他的影响。See J. K. Galbraith, A Life in Our Times, London: André Deutsch, 1981, pages 74—82. See also page 622.
[1995] Ibid., page 86.
[1996] Ibid., pages 122ff.
[1997] Ibid., pages 128ff.
[1998] Ibid., pages 182 and 191—195.
[1999] Ibid., pages 195ff.
[2000] Ibid., pages 233ff.
[2001] 加尔布雷思在其自传中称，《时代》杂志视其为“极大的嘲讽”，但是马尔科姆·马格里奇则将其与托尼的《贪婪社会》和凯恩斯的《和平的经济后果》归为一类。J.K. Galbraith, A Life in Our Times, Op. cit., page 354.
[2002] W. W. Rostow, The Stages of Economic Growth, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,1960, paperback edition, 1971.
[2003] Ibid., page 7.
[2004] Ibid., pages 36ff.
[2005] Ibid., pages 59ff.
[2006] Ibid., 结合第38页和第59页上的表格。
[2007] Ibid., pages 73ff.
[2008] Ibid., page 11.
[2009] Ibid., page 107.
[2010] 见结语部分关于福山的相关评论。
[2011] Rostow, Op. cit., pages 102—103.
[2012] Daniel Horowitz, Vance Packard and American Social Criticism, Chapel Hill, N.C.:University of North Carolina Press, 1994, pages 98—100.
[2013] Ibid., page 105.
[2014] Ibid.
[2015] Vance Packard, The Hidden Persuaders, New York: David McKay, 1957.
[2016] Ibid., pages 87—88.
[2017] Vance Packard, The Status Seekers, New York: David McKay, 1959.
[2018] Horowitz, Op. cit., page 123.
[2019] Vance Packard, The Waste Makers, New York: David McKay, 1960.
[2020] Horowitz, Op. cit., page 119.
[2021] Malcolm Waters, Daniel Bell, London: Routledge, 1996, pages 13—15.
[2022] Waters, Op. cit., page 78.
[2023] Daniel Bell, The End of Ideology: On the Exhaustion of Political Ideas in the Fifties,Glencoe: The Free Press, 1960; 1965 paperback reprinted by Harvard University Press,1988, with a new Afterword. Waters, Op. cit., page 79.
[2024] Waters, Op. cit., page 80.
[2025] 参见以下著作的相关章节：Malcolm Dean, pages 105ff；Daniel Bell, pages 123ff, in Geoff Dench, Tony Flower and Kate Gavron (editors), Young at Eighty, London: Carcanet Press, 1995。
[2026] Michael Young, The Rise of the Meritocracy, London: Thames & Hudson, 1958, with a new Introduction by the author, Transaction Publishers, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 1994.
[2027] Ibid., page xi.
[2028] Ibid., page xii. 但是理查德·霍加特等人却不太认同。See Paul Barker, ‘The Up and Downs of the Meritocracy,’ in Dench, Flower and Gavron (editors), Op. cit., page 156.
[2029] Young, Op. cit., page 170.
[2030] Barker, Op. cit., page 161，这里引用了那些认为这本书未能“倾听人类声音”的评论家的观点。
[2031] Peter Ackroyd, T. S. Eliot, Op. cit., page 289.
[2032] T. S. Eliot, Notes Toward the Definition of Culture, London: Faber & Faber, 1948, paperback 1962.
[2033] Ackroyd, Op. cit., page 291.
[2034] 关于艾略特对闲暇的更广泛的思考，see Sencourt, T. S. Eliot: A Memoir, Op. cit.,page 154。
[2035] Eliot, Notes, Op. cit., page 31.
[2036] Ibid., page 23.
[2037] Ibid., page 43.
[2038] 他说，他意识到自己是个欧洲人，而不仅仅是个英国人或美国人。See Sencourt,Op. cit., page 158.
[2039] Eliot, Notes, Op. cit., page 50.
[2040] Ibid., pages 87ff.
[2041] Ibid., page 25.
[2042] Ian MacKillop, F. R. Leavis, Op. cit., pages 15 and 17ff.
[2043] F. R. Leavis, The Great Tradition, London: Chatto & Windus, 1948; F. R. Leavis, The Common Pursuit, London: Chatto & Windus, 1952.
[2044] 有关社会学与文学之间的联系，利维斯持怀疑的态度，see Leavis, The Common Pursuit, chapter 14；关于“T. S.艾略特的研究”，see chapter 23，他认为《圣灰星期三》是一部令艾略特改变立场的作品。（另参见本书“结语”第750页。）
[2045] MacKillop, Op. cit., page 111. 关于文学批评的未来，see especially chapter 8, pages 263ff。
[2046] Lionel Trilling, The Liberal Imagination, New York: Macmillan, 1948 London: Seeker &Warburg, 1951.
[2047] Ibid., page 34.
[2048] Ibid., pages 288ff.
[2049] Henry S. Commager, The American Mind: An Interpretation of American Thought and Character Since the 1880s, New York: Oxford University Press, 1950.
[2050] Ibid., pages 199，227ff.
[2051] Ibid., pages 176—177.
[2052] Ibid., pages 378ff.
[2053] Jamison and Eyerman, Seeds of the Sixties, Op. cit., pages 150—151.
[2054] Ibid., page 150.
[2055] 特里林的妻子称这种关系为“准俄狄浦斯式关系”。See Graham Caveney, Screaming with Joy: The Life of Allen Ginsberg, London: Bloomsbury, 1999, page 33.
[2056] Jamison and Eyerman, Op. cit., page 152.
[2057] Barry Miles, Ginsberg: A Biography, New York: Viking, 1990, page 196.
[2058] Ibid., page 192.
[2059] Jamison and Eyerman, Op. cit., page 156.
[2060] Ibid., pages 158—159.
[2061] 关于费林盖蒂对《嚎叫》的反应，see Miles, Op. cit., page 197。
[2062] Ann Charters, Kerouac: A Biography, London: André Deutsch, 1974, pages 24—25. 她说，凯鲁亚克摔断了一条腿，因此未能进入一线队伍，他对此一直不甘心。
[2063] Jack Kerouac, On the Road, New York: Viking, 1957, Penguin paperback 1991,Introduction by Ann Charters, page x.
[2064] Ibid., pages viii and ix.
[2065] Ibid., page xx.
[2066] Charters, Kerouac: A Biography, Op. cit., pages 92—97.
[2067] 1945年，凯鲁亚克因服用了过多的苯丙胺，导致双腿血栓静脉炎。Ibid., page 52.
[2068] 关于流行音乐简史，see Gerald Nicosia, Memory Babe: A Critical Biography of Jack Kerouac, New York: Grove Press, 1983, page 112。关于争论，他们后来“某种程度上”和解了。See pages 690—691.
[2069] Charters, ‘Introduction,’ Op. cit., page xxviii.
[2070] Jamison and Eyerman, Op. cit., page 159.
[2071] 《新音乐特快》在1956年9月23日刊登了艾伦·弗里德的采访，quoted in Richard Aquila, That Old Time Rock ‘n’ Roll: A Chronicle of an Era, 1954—1963, New York:Schirmer, 1989, page 5。
[2072] Donald Clarke, The Rise and Fall of Popular Music, New York: Viking, 1995, Penguin 1995, page 373.
[2073] Aquila, Op. cit., page 6.
[2074] Clarke, Op. cit., page 370称这绝非第一张摇滚唱片。
[2075] 当然这并非仅仅是模仿。关于普莱斯利的性感，see Simon Frith, Performing Rites:Evaluating Popular Music, Oxford: Oxford University Press, page 195。
[2076] Aquila, Op. cit., page 8.
[2077] 关于流行音乐市场的分类，see Frith, Op. cit., passim。
[2078] Arnold Goldman, ‘A Remnant to Escape: The American Writer and the Minority Group,’in Marcus Cunliffe (editor), The Penguin History of Literature, Op. cit., pages 302—303.
[2079] Ralph Ellison, Invisible Man, London: Gollancz, 1953, Penguin 1965. Goldman, Op. cit.,page 303.
