《中国政府中汉人和旗人所占的份额》,《中国评论》第6卷(1877—1878年),第136-137页。//“The Share Taken by Chinese and Bannermen Respectively in the Government of China. ”The China Review, VI (1877-1878) , 136-137.
周昌寿:《译刊科学书籍考略》,载胡适等编:《张菊生先生七十生日纪念论文集》,上海:商务印书馆,1937年。
朱彭寿:《旧典备征》,无出版地,1936年。
朱希祖:《郑延平王受明官爵考》,《国学季刊》第3卷第1期(1932年),第87-112页。
朱希祖:《吴三桂周王纪元释疑》,《中央研究院历史语言研究所集刊》第二本(1930—1932年),第393-401页。
* * *
⊙为检索方便,按中译文献的著者姓氏、著述名称等的音序排列。——译者
索引
Ablin阿勃林103
A-ssu-ha阿思哈65,72
Abahai皇太极7,53:and Chinese Scholars与汉族士人10;Chosen successor to Nurhaci选为努尔哈赤继承人9;creates Chinese-style state创立中原式政权11-12;strengthens imperial position强化皇权10-12,121,130
Ajige阿济格9,13,23
Allocation of banner lands分拨旗地15,46-50,73
Amin阿敏7,10
An-t'ai安泰148
Ananda阿南达73
Arshinski i阿尔申斯基98
Ata阿塔65,72
Bahai巴海99,100-101
Bahana巴哈纳50
Bambursan班布尔善65,71,72,113
Batai巴泰113,115,200-201
Becingge白清额65,72
Bondservants(booi)包衣27-28
Bort expditions博特远征军44
Bouvet,Joachim白晋142,149-152,207
Burni伯尔尼103-104,115
Calendar controversy历法之争58-64,146
Cane-shield brigade藤牌兵102
Cani察尼88,194
Censorate都察院12,30
Chang Ch'ien张汧125,203
Chang Hsien-chung张献忠4,22,23
Chang Po-hsing张伯行118,125,141
Chang So-chih张所知108
Chang Ying张英124,141,143,144,206
Chang Yung张勇104,110
Chuang Yü-shu张玉书124,140-141
Ch'ang-ning常宁54
Chao Liang-tung赵良栋110,194
Chao T'ing-ch'en赵廷臣202
Ch'en Shen陈慎181-182
Ch'en T'ing-ching陈廷敬125
Chen Tzu-chuang陈子壮111
Cheng Ch'eng-kung郑成功:attack on Nanking攻打南京34,42;capture of Tai-wan攻取台湾42;and Ch'ing court与清廷40,41;defection of subordinates属下叛逃41,42,92;and Martime Laws与海禁40-41,45;and southeastern gentry与东南士绅34,40-41;and Southern Ming regimes与南明政权15,34,40,93
Cheng Chih-lung郑芝龙40,41-42,92
Cheng Ching郑经43-44,90-92,94
Cheng K'o-shuang郑克塽92,93,94
Chi Chen-i季振宜184
Chi K'ai-sheng季开生40
Chi-shih济世65,72
Chia-p'ai加派4
Chiang He-te蒋赫德115
Chieh-shan介山185
Ch'ien Ch'ien-i钱谦益37,39
Ch'ien-lung emperor乾隆皇帝33,37,57,118,169
Ch'ien Tseng钱曾37
Chin Chih-chün金之俊31,182
Chin Chün金俊132-133
Chin Fu靳辅129,133-134
Chin Jen-jui金人瑞34
Chin Pao金堡111
Chi Shih-chien金世鉴95
Ch'in Ying秦瀛161
Chinese bannermen as officials汉军旗人官员18,116-122,129,155-156,161
Ch'ing Sung-ling秦松龄161
Chou Yu-te周有德43
Chou Yung周容160
Christianity in China在华基督教44,45,59-60,64;也见Jesuits in China
Chu Ch'ang-tso朱昌祚43,48-50,72
Chu Hsi朱熹67,141-145
Chu I-tsun朱彝尊32,141,163
Chu Kuo-chen朱国祯32
Chu Kuo-chin朱国治34-36,38,82,184
Chu Shao-feng朱绍凤192
Chu Yu-lang朱由榔40,77
Chuang T'ing-lung庄廷鑨31-32,161,162,164
Ch'ü Ta-chün屈大钧86
Coastal defense海防34,41-45
Cokto绰克托72
Confucian classics儒家经典57,67-68,138-139,143-144
Confucius孔子3,36,139
Consol idation of Ch'ing rule under K'ang-hsi康熙皇帝统治时期清朝的巩固167-171:bureaucratic control官僚控制120-122,131,135-136;ideological leadership意识形态的领导137-139,145,158,166;military军事,103-105,121-122;也见Manchu-Chinese relations
Corruption in government政府腐败67,125,127-128,132- 133,136
Court of Colonial Affairs理藩院12,30
Dadu达都121
Daily Tutoring日讲25,138-142
Daisan代善7,9,10,13,14,106,177
Dalai Lama达赖喇嘛86-87
Degelei德格类10
Deliberative Council议政王大臣会议30,190:important decisions of重大决定60,62-63,71-72,80-81;of Ministers议政大臣11;of Princes议政王会议7-8,10;size of规模130-131
Diaz迪亚斯44
Dodo多铎9,13,14,23
Dongge洞鄂88
Donggo董鄂;见Hsiao-hsien
Doni多尼14,23
Dorbo多尔博14
Dorgon多尔衮9:and banner land allocation与旗地分拨46-48;and eunuchs与太监26;and Jesuits与耶稣会士58;and K'ang-hsi's regents与康熙皇帝的辅臣21-23;pol icies of regency摄政政策13-17;sinicization under统治时期的汉化13,29,121;succession disputes involving卷入皇位继承斗争9,13,21,23
Duikana对喀纳71,113,200-201
Dutch in China在华的荷兰人42,44,91,94,100,147
Dyarchy满汉复职制117
Ebilun遏必隆22-23,46,49,52,57,66,71- 73;也见Oboiregency
Eight Banner system八旗制度:and bureaucratic appointments与官僚任命17-18,118-122,155-156;bureaucratization of官僚化1-11;creation of new companies创建新的佐领93,99,101,105;education of bannermen旗人的教育153;establ ishment by Nurhaci努尔哈赤创立6-7;factional ism党争21-23,46-51,72;four senior banner chiefs四大贝勒7;mongol and Chinese banners蒙古和汉军八旗11;problems of discipl ine纪律涣散,105-107;role of the hunt打猎的作用105-106;as source of political power政治权力的来源7,9,14;strength of banner forces八旗的实力75,105,108;Upper and Lower banners上三旗和下五旗14,28-29;也见Allocation of banner lands;Bondservants;Chinese bannermen
Eunuchs太监:in Ming period在明代2,4;relations with K'ang-hsi与康熙皇帝的关系55-56;in Shun-chih reign在顺治朝26-27,179;也见Bondservants
Evacuation of coastal populations迁海41-46,90,94,97,131
Examination system科举制度:and local schools与地方学校37-38;north-south competition in其中的南北之争31,160- 161;and political power与政治权力31;quotas学额154-155;sale of degrees捐监156-157;也见Po-hsüeh examination
Factional ism党争:in banners八旗21-23,46-51;Ch'ing emperors'views of清帝的认识3;Confucian views of儒家的认识3-4,126;K'ang- hsi on康熙皇帝态度126-129
Fang Hsiao-pao方孝标183
Fang Kuang-chen方光琛38
Fei mi费密159
Feng Chüan冯铨4
Feng P'u冯溥66,116,125,129,211
Fiscal problems财政问题78,81,84,114
Fiyanggu费扬古64
Fontaney,Jean de洪若翰207
Four Commoners四布衣162,163
French support of Jesuit mission法国对耶稣会传教团的支持148,151,152
Fu-chüan福全54,90
Fu-lin福临;见Shun-chih
Fu Shan傅山159
Fu She association复社4
Fugitive slave laws逃人法16-17
Gabuli噶布拉71
Galdan噶尔丹103,104,128,167
Gali噶礼118
Gerbillon,Jean-François张诚149,151,207,208
Ghantimur根特木尔98,99,101,102
Gheradini盖拉蒂尼152
Giyabuja贾卜嘉25
Giyesu杰书47,71,88,111,194
Grand Secretariat大学士11,29-30
Green Standard forces绿营105,108-111,116
Greslon,Adrien聂仲迁44
Han Shih-ch'i韩世琦38
Han T'an韩菼36,140-141
Hanlin Academy翰林院29-30,36,139-141,143,163
Hao Yü郝浴78
Haoge豪格9,13,21,23,176
Hife希福21,72
Ho Yu何佑102
Hosoi Beile和硕贝勒7-9,12,176:four Senior Beile四大贝勒7,9,10
Hostages人质40,76
Hsi-chu席柱95,96,131-135
Hsiao-ch'eng孝诚56
Hsiao-chuang孝庄53-54,90,143:and end of regency与辅政的终结71;influence on K'ang-hsi对康熙皇帝的影响56,65;and Shun-chih's will与顺治皇帝遗诏25-26
Hsiao-hsien孝献54,60
Hsiao-k'ang孝康53-54,56,187
Hsiung I-hsiao熊一潇203
Hsiung Tz'u-l i熊赐履:as Daily Tutor身为日讲官141,143,144-145,202;favorite of K'ang-hsi受宠于康熙皇帝124;memorials attacking Oboi具疏攻击鳌拜66-70,124;position on feudatories对于藩王的立场81
Hsü Ch'ien-hsüeh徐乾学36,125,129,141,164
Hsü K'ang-ch'i徐光启146
Hsü Yüan-wen徐元文36,157,164-165
Hsüan-t'ung宣统55-56,57
Hu Mi-se胡密色205
Hu Shih-an胡世安31
Hu Tsai-ko胡在恪37-38
Huang Tsung-hsi黄宗羲:and Ming History project与《明史》164-165;and Ming Loyalism与反清复明18,111,159;and po-hsüeh exam与博学鸿词考试159;view of eunuchs对太监的看法4
Hung Wu洪武皇帝41-42
Hung Ch'eng-ch'ou洪承畴22,23,31,76,114
I-cheng wang ta-ch'en议政王大臣;见Deliberative Council
Ilibu伊里布64,185
Imperial Academy钦天监57-58,67-69,156
Imperial Household内务府28-29,115,127,168;也见Bondservants
Imperial Study南书房143
Ingguldai英武尔代50
Inner Thirteen Yamen内十三衙门26-27,29,55
Itu益都180
Jangtai彰泰88,194
Jen Wei-ch'u任维初33-34
Jesuits in China在华耶稣会士73:banished to Macao流放澳门61;as diplomats作为外交官103;French mission of 1685 1685年法国传教团148-149;service in Board of Astronomy供职钦天监58-64;translations of翻译146-147;tutors of K'ang-hsi康熙皇帝的老师142,149- 152;也见Bouvet,Joachim;Schall,Adam;Verbiest,Ferdinand
Jidu济度40
Jirgalang济尔哈朗10,13,14,79,176
Kan Wen-k'un甘文焜82
K'ang-hsi康熙皇帝:on agriculture论农业134,153;arrest of Oboi擒鳌拜71-73;assumption of rule亲政51,52,61,65-66;attention to detai l注重细节62-63,104,131;on Buddhism论佛教86,144-145;on censorial functions论科道官作用135-136;chosen emperor被选立为皇帝25,56;concern about secrecy关注机密130-131,135;on corruption论腐败124-125,127-128,132-133,136;early childhood幼年54-56;education in Confucian Classics儒家经典教育57,68,69,137- 146;empresses皇后56-57;and eunuchs与太监27,29,55-56;on factions论结党126-129,136;on foreign relations论外交关系96,103;as historian作为史学家2,55,142-144,165;on human nature论人的本性145-146;hunting trips狩猎105-107,143,148,152-153;as an image-maker形象制作89-90,104,170;interviews with officials引见官员131-135;literary compi lations图书编纂36,121,143-144,151;Manchu-Chinese relations under满汉关系117-118,120-122,136,139,168-169;military leadership军事领导74,83-85,88,91-93,99-101,104;and Mingloyalist scholars与明遗民学者158-161,162,164-166,168;naming his heir apparent册立太子56,127,128;personnel management人员管理73,124-130,136;place in Chinese history中国史上的地位169-171;relations with Jesuits与耶稣会士的关系61-64,146-154;relations with parents与父母的关系54,70;relations with regents与辅臣的关系49-50,51-52,56-57,61,63,65-66,71-72;selection of key advisers挑选主要谋臣112-117;skill in Chinese language娴于汉语143,151;and Western science与西方科学146-154;也见Consol idation of Ch'ing rule;Southern tours
Kao Shih-ch'i高士奇57,125,126,140,143,152
Ke-erh-ku-te格尔古德205
Keng Chi-mao耿继茂76
Keng Ching-chung耿精忠76,80,84-85,88,91,111
Keng Chung-ming耿仲明16,75
Ko Ch'u-ha噶褚哈65,72
K'o-ch'un恪纯公主76
Koxinga国姓爷;见Cheng Ch'eng-kung
Ku Ju-hua顾如华164
Ku Tsu-yü顾祖禹86
Ku Yen-wu顾炎武18,86,162:and literary inquisitions与文字狱32-33;and Ming History project与《明史》编纂162,164-165;and Mingloyalism与反清复明111,159;and po-hsüeh examination与博学鸿词考试159
Kung Ting-tzu龚鼎孳37,39
K'ung Yu-te孔有德75-76
Kuo Hsiu郭琇126,203
Kuo Shih-ching郭士璟35
La-sha-li喇沙里144,206
Labu喇布88,194
Laita赉塔88
Lambu兰布51
“Laments in the Temple”case哭庙案33-34
Langtan郎坦99-100,102,103
Le Comte,Louis李明107,207
Lecture on the Classics经筵138-139,140,143
Ledehun勒德洪90,113,115,201
Leibniz莱布尼茨208
Lergiyen勒尔谨88,194
Li Chih-fang李之芳45,129
Li Ch'ing李清159
Li-fan-yüan理藩院12,30
Li Hsü李煦124,203
Li Kuang-ti李光地92,124,141,169
Li Shih-chen李士桢132-133
Li Shuai-t'ai李率泰42
Li Tzu-ch'eng李自成4-5,23
Li Wei李霨64,116,124,136,211
Li Yin-tu李因笃163
Li Yung李颙159
Lin Hsing-chu林兴珠100,102
Literary inquisitions文字狱31-33,161,162,164,183
Literary Office文馆11-12,21,29,177
Liu Chih-yüan刘之源72
Liu Ch'ing-t'ai刘清泰183
Liu Kuang刘光72
Liu K'un刘昆193
Liu Kuo-hsüan刘国轩91,93
Liu Pang-chu刘邦柱72
Liu Ping-ch'üan刘秉权43,132
Liu Yü-yu刘余谟180
Local forces地方武装(民兵)111,165
Loto罗多65
Lu Hsing-tsu卢兴祖132-133
Mahu马祜39,62
Mai-yin-ta迈音达65,72
Mala玛喇101
Manchu-Chinese relations满汉关系:during the Oboi regency鳌拜辅政时期24-25;in examination system科举制度154-156;literary dissent异议31-33,161,162;and po-hsüeh examination与“博学鸿词”考试163-164;popular attitudes民众态度34;sharing of political power分享政治权力17-18,67,117-124,136,161,163;social conflicts社会冲突15-17,75;tax protest赋税反抗33-39;也见K'ang-hsi;Queue;Sinicization of Manchus
Manggitu莽吉图110
Manggultai莽古尔泰7,10
Mao Wen-lung毛文龙191
Maritime Laws迁海令39-46,95-97
Margi麻勒吉25
Marsai玛尔赛64-65,71,72
Mei Ku-Ch'eng梅瑴成153-154
Mei Wen-ting梅文鼎153-154
Meng-yang-chai School蒙养斋153-154
Milescu,Nicolai尼古拉·米列斯库98-99,103
military campaigns军事战争:against Mongol chieftains反对蒙古首领103-104;Albazin阿尔巴津99-103;conquest of China入主中原4-5,15,22-23,75;effect of China对中原的影响,4-5,15,22-23,75;effect on army systems对军事体系影响108- 110,136;effect on Del iberative Counci l size对议政王大臣规模的影响130;foreign weaponry外来武器100,147;Taiwai台湾91-93,135;Three Feudatories三藩84-89
military colonies屯田78
military systems军事体系105-111
Milovanov,Ignatii伊格纳·米洛瓦诺夫97-98,99
Ming dynasty明朝:abol ition of chancellorship废除丞相11;examination system科举制度155,156;fiscal problems财政问题4,33;reasons for decline衰落原因2-6;rebellions at end of明亡时的叛乱4;也见Ming History project;Ming loyalism;Southern Mingregimes
Ming History project《明史》编纂162-166
Ming loyalism反清复明:alienation of intellectuals in early Ch'ing清初知识分子的疏离18,158,168-169;literary expression of文字表达32;military opposition to Ch'ing军事反对清朝18,34,104,111,165;and po-hsüeh examination与博学鸿词考试158-160,164,166;and Wu San-kuei与吴三桂82,85-86;也见Cheng Ch'eng-kung;Literary inquisitions
Mingju明珠117,126:leader of a faction党争首领129,131;and Oboi regency与鳌拜71,113;and po-hsüeh examination与博学鸿词考试163;position on feudatories对诸藩的立场81,115;on Taiwan invasion对收复台湾91
Minority tribes土司77
Mishan米思翰66,81,114-115
Molo莫洛65,72,81,113-115
Mongols蒙古:Chahars察哈尔部23,87-88,103-104;and Manchu ruling house与满洲皇室53- 54,86;in Manchuria在东北99,107;military aid to Ch'ing军事援助清朝87-88;rebellions反叛103-104,110
Murma穆里玛72
Nativism本土运动24-25,120
Navarette,Domingo闵明我44,83
Neo-Confucianism理学3,67,68,141,143-144,169
No-mo讷莫72
Nobel,Constantin康斯坦丁·诺贝尔44
Nurhaci努尔哈赤6-9;也见Eighteeen Banner system
Oboi鳌拜:antagonism towards Dorgon与多尔衮为敌23-24,46-48,50-51;arrest and death擒拿与死亡71-73,137;attacked by Hsiung Tz'u-li遭熊赐履攻击66-70;and censors与科道官30;conflict with other regents与其他辅政大臣的冲突46,51-52,56;early career早年经历23-24;and eunuchs与太监27;faction党争64-65,72;and K'ang-hsi's key adivsers与康熙皇帝重要谋臣113-116;relations with K'ang-hsi与康熙皇帝关系49-52,61,63,66;stifling of opposition无情打击对手30,64,70
Oboi regency鳌拜辅政:appointments of tu-fu任命督抚120-121;and Chinese institutions与汉人制度29-30,168;factionalism in党争46-52,126;military background of军事背景24;and nativism与本土运动24-25,123,138,167-168;selection of选择20;and southern gentry南方士绅31-39,161-162;termination of终结71-73
Oja鄂扎103
Ou-yang Hsiu欧阳修3
Pa-ko巴格50
Palace memorial system奏折制度130-131,135
P'an Ch'eng-chang潘柽章32
P'an Chin-hsiao潘尽孝60
P'an Lei潘耒32-33,162,163
P'eng Sun-i彭孙贻165
P'eng Sun-yü彭孙遹37,161,165,183
Pengcun彭春99-100,102
Pereira,Thomas徐日昇146,149,150
Po-hsüeh examination of 1679 1679年博学鸿词考试37,39,158-166
Purchase of degrees and office捐纳157
Queue辫子17,40,93,178
Rebell ions反叛:Burni布尔尼103-104;Cheng family郑氏15,39-44,90-93;Galdan噶尔丹104;Manchus and late Ming rebels满人与晚明叛乱4-5;Three Feudatories三藩82-89
Revolt of the slaves奴隶造反83
Ricci,Matteo利玛窦146
Ripa,Matteo马国贤152
Rites Question礼仪问题154
Russian expansion into China俄国扩张至中国97-103
Sabsu萨布素100-103
Sai-k'o-te塞克德192
Sai-pen-t'e塞本特72
San-fan三藩;见Three Feudatories
Schall,Adam汤若望58-64
Scholars in the classics儒家经典学者141
Schools学者37-38,153-154
Shang Chih-hsin尚之信76,80,85,89
Shang K'o-hsi尚可喜43,75-76,80,84-85
Shang-shan尚善88,194
Shao-kan邵甘203
Shih Lang施琅42,102:coordinator of Taiwan campaign台湾之役总指挥92-93,94,99,134-135;and Maritime Laws与迁海令42,95
Shih Wei-han施维翰202
Shun-chih emperor顺治皇帝:Chosen emperor被选为皇帝13;consorts后妃54,60;eulogized by K'ang-hsi被康熙颂扬70;examination quotas中式额数154-155;on Manchu-Chinese relations关于满汉关系16-17;relations with Jesuits与耶稣会士关系58;revival of eunuch institutions恢复太监制度26-27,179;sons诸子54,60;tax pol icies of赋税政策33;tutoring in Confucian classics儒家经典日讲141;wi ll遗诏20,25-26,29-30,47