1. Cormack, An Historic Outline of the George Smith Bounty; Cormack, More about Founder of Fordyce Academy.
2. Grosjean and Murdoch, “The Scottish Community in Seventeenth-Century Gothenburg, ” p. 191.
3. Mackillop, “Accessing Empire.”
4. Cormack, An Historic Outline of the George Smith Bounty; Cormack, More about Founder of Fordyce Academy.
5. Meijers, News from the Republick of Letters, p. 3; Murdoch, Network North, pp. 148- 49.
6. Catterall, “Scots along the Maas, ” pp. 172-73.
7. Mackillop, “Accessing Empire.”
8. Nierstrazs, “The Popularization of Tea, ” p. 272; Hodacs and Mueller “, Chests, Tubs and Lots of Tea, ” p. 278.
9. Cormack, An Historic Outline of the George Smith Bounty; Cormack, More About Founder of Fordyce Academy.
10. Index of Court Minutes, BL IOR /B/80- 84.
11. Percival Spear as quoted in Nightingale, Trade and Empire in Western India, p. 12.
12. Nightingale, Trade and Empire in Western India, p. 12.
13. Marshall, The Making and Unmaking of Empires, p. 241.
14. Nightingale, Trade and Empire in Western India, p. 13.
15. Davies, “British Private Trade Networks in the Arabian Seas, ” p. 58.
16. Marshall, The Making and Unmaking of Empires, p. 320.
17. Nightingale, Trade and Empire in Western India, p. 13.
18. Ibid.
19. Smith to Dundas, Mar. 12, 1786, NLS MS 1060, ff. 210-21.
20. Smith of Bombay to the Bengal Council, Apr. 24, 1785, BL IOR /P/3/11, f. 254.
21. Ibid.; Bayly, Indian Society, p. 62.
22. Nightingale, Trade and Empire in Western India, p. 23.
23. Frederic Davy to Father, May 21, 1776, Letters January 1773, 1773-1777,BLYU, Osborn c594.
24. “Summary of proceedings in the third session of Parliament, ” The Gentleman's Magazine, July 1786, vol. 56, Part 2, p. 967.
25. Nightingale, Trade and Empire in Western India, pp. 53, 72.
26. Bulley, Bombay Country Ships, p. 177.
27. PRO, PROB/11/1198; Mackillop, “Accessing Empire.”
28. Dalrymple, White Mughals, pp. 27-28.
29. Nightingale, Trade and Empire in Western India, p. 24.
30. PRO, PROB/11/1198/107.
31. Ibid.; Grant, The Chinese Cornerstone of Modern Banking, p. 215.
32. Several historians mention the Lady Hughes Affair in their works. See, for example: Chen, Chinese Law in Imperial Eyes, ch. 1; Spence, The Search for Modern China, pp. 126-27; Wakemen, Strangers at the Gate, p. 81;Pritchard, The Crucial Years of Early Anglo-Chinese Relations, pp. 226-27;Fay, The Opium War, pp. 37-39; Chang, Commissioner Lin and the Opium War, pp. 12, 139, 197.
33. Spencer, Memoirs of William Hickey, vol. 1, p. 197; Smith of Madras to the Bengal Council, Feb. 10, 1785, BL IOR /P/3/10; BL L /MAR/B257A; RAC ASK 954, 1078, 1079. Thanks to Paul Van Dyke for sharing these references with me.
34. Smith of Madras to the Bengal Council, Feb. 9, 1784, BL IOR /P/3/2.
35. Smith of Bombay to the Bengal Council, Apr. 24, 1785, BL IOR /P/3/11.
36. “A Particular Account of the Unfortunate Accident... , ” BL IOR/G/12/18, pp. 25- 42. A “chop boat” is a Chinese vessel involved in the Canton customs procedure.
37. Ta-Ch'ing Li-ch'ao Shi lu, CL 49:11:11 (Dec. 23, 1784), in Fu, A Documentary Chronicle of Sino-Western Relations, p. 297; Xiangshan Ming Qing Dang'an Jilu, pp. 196-98, Doc. 3.23.
38. Qianlong Chao Shangyu Dang, vol. 12, pp. 361- 62.
39. Qinggong Yue Gang Ao Shangmao Dang'an Quanji, vol. 5, Doc. 532, 2825-29.
40. Chen, Chinese Law in Imperial Eyes, p. 45.
41. Qianlong Shangyu Dang, vol. 12, pp. 361- 62.
42. Chen, Chinese Law in Imperial Eyes, p. 45.
43. “A Particular Account of the Unfortunate Accident..., ” BL IOR/G/12/18, pp. 25- 42.
44. Chen, Chinese Law in Imperial Eyes, pp. 48- 49.
45. Qianlong Shangyu Dang, vol. 12, pp. 361- 62.
46. Ibid.
47. Xiangshan Ming Qing Dang'an Jilu, pp. 196-98, Doc. 3.23.
48. “A Particular Account of the Unfortunate Accident..., ” BL IOR/G/12/18, pp. 25- 42.
49. Xiangshan Ming Qing Dang'an Jilu, pp. 196-98, Doc. 3.23.
50. Qianlong Chao Shangyu Dang, vol. 12, pp. 361- 62.
51. Ibid.
52. “A Particular Account of the Unfortunate Accident..., ” BL IOR/G/12/18, pp. 25- 42.
53. Ibid.
54. Yang, Wu, and Deng, Mingqing Shiqi Aomen Wenti Dangan Wenxian Huibian, 1784/12/30, Doc. 287, pp. 459- 61.
55. “A Particular Account of the Unfortunate Accident..., ” BL IOR/G/12/18, pp. 25- 42.
56. Ibid.
57. Van Dyke, The Canton Trade, p. 117.
58. “A Particular Account of the Unfortunate Accident..., ” BL IOR/G/12/18, pp. 25- 42.
59. Ibid.
60. Ibid.; Quincy, The Journals of Major Samuel Shaw, pp. 186-91.
61. “A Particular Account of the Unfortunate Accident..., ” BL IOR/G/12/18, pp. 25- 42.
62. Ibid.
63. Supercargos to Court of Directors, Feb. 5, 1785, BL IOR/G/12/18.
64. “A Particular Account of the Unfortunate Accident..., ” BL IOR/G/12/18, pp. 25- 42.
65. Yang, Wu, and Deng, Mingqing Shiqi Aomen Wenti Dangan Wenxian Huibian, 1784/12/30, Doc. 287, pp. 459- 61.
66. “A Particular Account of the Unfortunate Accident..., ” BL IOR/G/12/18, pp. 25- 42.
67. Xiangshan Ming Qing Dang'an Jilu, pp. 196-98, Doc. 3.23; Yang, Wu, and Deng, Mingqing Shiqi Aomen Wenti Dangan Wenxian Huibian, 1784/12/30, Doc. 287, pp. 459- 61.
68. “A Particular Account of the Unfortunate Accident..., ” BL IOR/G/12/18, pp. 25- 42.
69. Kuhn, Soulstealers, pp. 14-22, 170-75.
70. Consultation, Dec. 2, 1784, BL IOR/G/12/79.
71. Qinggong Yue Gang Ao Shangmao Dang'an Quanji, Doc. 532, 2825-29.
72. Ta-Ch'ing Li-ch'ao Shi lu, CL 49:11:11 (Dec. 23, 1784), in Fu, A Documentary Chronicle of Sino-Western Relations, p. 297; Chen, Chinese Law in Imperial Eyes, p. 34.
73. Qinggong Yue Gang Ao Shangmao Dang'an Quanji, Doc. 532, 2825-29.
74. “East India Intelligence, ” The Gentleman's Magazine, Aug. 1785, vol. 55, p. 655; Yang, Wu, and Deng, Mingqing Shiqi Aomen Wenti Dangan Wenxian Hui bian, 1784/12/30, Doc. 287, pp. 459- 61.
75. Supercargos to the Court of Directors, Feb. 5, 1785, BL IOR/G/12/18; “East India Intelligence, ” Gentleman's Magazine, Aug. 1785, vol. 55, p. 655.
76. Qinggong Yue Gang Ao Shangmao Dang'an Quanji, Doc. 532, 2825-29.
77. Morse, Chronicles, vol. 5, pp. 15-19. Thanks to Paul Van Dyke for providing information about the Dutch cases.
78. See Chen, Chinese Law in Imperial Eyes, ch. 1.
79. Supercargos to the Court of Directors, Feb. 5, 1785, BL IOR/G/12/18; India Gazette, or Calcutta Public Advertiser, vol. 5: Apr. 25, 1785, issue 232; vol. 5:Jan. 31, 1785, issue 220.
80. Quincy, The Journals of Major Samuel Shaw, p. 186.
81. “Riot at China, ” The Times, Friday, July 8, 1785, p. 3, issue 166.
82. India Gazette, or, Calcutta Public Advertiser, Monday, Jan. 17, 1785, vol. 5, issue 218.
83. “Riot at China, ” The Times, Friday, July 8, 1785, p. 3, issue 166; “East India Intelligence, ” Gentleman's Magazine, Aug. 1785, vol. 55, p. 655.
84. Public Advertiser (London), July 22, 1785, issue 15962.
85. Capt. Mackintosh to Mr. Rose, Nov. 19, 1791, BL IOR G/12/91 vol. 1.
