1. Furber, Henry Dundas, First Viscount Melville, p. 11.
2. Ibid., p. 10.
3. Ibid., p. 11; Phillips, “Parliament and Southern India.”
4. Furber, Henry Dundas, First Viscount Melville, p. 29.
5. Ibid., p. 30.
6. Dundas, Heads of Mr. Dundas's Speech on the State of Affairs of the East India Company, p. 3.
7. “Report on European relations with, and history of, China, relative to a projected embassy to that country drawn up by Mr. Cobb of the East India House, ” Add MS 13875, 1792; Kitson, Forging Romantic China, pp. 28-29.
8. For histories of early Christian missionaries in China see Spence, Memory Palace of Matteo Ricci; Brockey, Journey to the East.
9. “Report on European relations with, and history of, China, relative to a projected embassy to that country drawn up by Mr. Cobb of the East India House, ” Add MS 13875, 1792.
10. Ibid.
11. Ibid.
12. List of Mr. Dundas's Papers of Accounts, BL IOR /H/340.
13. Ibid.; Selection of Papers exhibiting a view of the East India Company's Commercial Concerns by R. Wissett, BL IOR /H/449.
14. CUL, Copies of the East India Company Records, and other Documents Relative to China and the China Trade Prepared for Lord Macartney's Information, Vol. 1, “Queries put by the Court of the Directors to persons now in England who have served the Company in China with answers thereto 1791-2”; Smith to Dundas, March 28, 1787, NLS MS 1069, ff. 15-16.
15. Smith, “Some propositions tending to the Establishment of the East India Companys Trade to China on a fi rm, and advantageous basis, ” Feb. 16, 1783, BL IOR/H/434.
16. JRL, Melville Papers, English MS 697, “Letters from India, ” passim; NLS, Melville Papers, MS 1069, passim; NAS, GD51/3/531; Nightingale, Trade and Empire in Western India, p. 26.
17. Philips, The Correspondence of David Scott, pp. ix-xxii.
18. Bulley, Bombay Country Ships, pp. 177- 81; JRL, Melville Papers, English MS 697, “Letters from India, ” passim; NLS GD 51/3/81.
19. Webster, Twilight of the East India Company, p. 31; Philips, The East India Company, p. 71.
20. Fry, The Dundas Despotism, p. 195.
21. Ibid., pp. 218-19.
22. Frost, The Global Reach of Empire, p. 179.
23. Fry, The Dundas Despotism, pp. 173-75.
24. Frost, The Global Reach of Empire, p. 170.
25. Smith to Dundas, Mar. 28, 1787, NLS MS 1069, ff 15-16; Smith to Dundas, Sept. 19, 1790, NLS MS 1069, ff. 61- 62.
26. Smith to Dundas, May 27, 1786, NLS MS 1069, f. 9.
27. Smith to Dundas, March 28, 1787, NLS MS 1069, ff. 15-16.
28. Ibid.
29. Whelan, Edmund Burke and India, p. 3.
30. Marshall, Writings and Speeches of Edmund Burke, vol. 5, p. 1.
31. Whelan, Edmund Burke and India, p. 43.
32. Marshall, Writings and Speeches of Edmund Burke, vol. 5, p. 5.
33. Ibid., pp. 5- 6.
34. Phillips, “A Successor to the Moguls.”
35. O'Brien, The Great Melody, pp. 307- 8; Marshall, Writings and Speeches of Edmund Burke, vol. 5, pp. 5- 6.
36. O'Brien, The Great Melody, p. 307.
37. Ibid., pp. 307- 8; Marshall, Writings and Speeches of Edmund Burke, vol. 5, pp. 5- 6.
38. Love, Vestiges of Old Madras, vol. 3, pp. 105-19.
39. Elijah Impey to Andrew Ross, Oct. 11, 1776, BL Add MS 16266, f. 24.
40. Smith to the Court of Directors, Oct. 10, 1776, BL IOR /H/129.
41. Gurney, “The Debts of the Nawab of Arcot, ”Appendix 1. In 1767, Smith's mother-in-law and aunt, Francis Mary Munro, and his brother-in-law and fi rst cousin, Robert Duncan Munro, claimed 5,700 and 1,600 pagodas from the Nawab, respectively.
42. Marshall, The Writings and Speeches of Edmund Burke, vol. 5, p. 230.
43. Morning Post and Daily Advertiser (London), Tuesday, Jan. 23, 1781, issue 2561.
44. Ibid.; London Courant and Westminster Chronicle, Monday, Jan. 22, 1781;Lloyd's Evening Post (London), Wednesday, Jan. 17-19, 1781, issue 3679.
45. Marshall, The Writings and Speeches of Edmund Burke, vol. 5, p. 9.
46. Ibid., vol. 5, pp. 553-56.
47. Smith to Dundas, Apr. 15, 1786, BL IOR /H/434.
48. The bulk of these letters can be found in the Home Miscellaneous Series, BL IOR/H/434, in the British Library and in Melville Papers MS 1060 of the National Library of Scotland.
49. Nightingale, Trade and Empire in Western India, pp. 36-55.
50. Sept. 10, 1787, NLS MS 1060, ff. 246-54.
51. Smith to Dundas, Nov. 26, 1786, NLS MS 1060, ff. 226-39.
52. Sept. 10, 1787, NLS MS 1060, ff. 246-54.
53. Harlow, The Founding of the Second British Empire, vol. 1, pp. 72-75, 81;Cook, “Alexander Dalrymple.”
54. Alexander Dalrymple to Henry Dundas, July 17, 1784, Mar. 12, 1791, Nov. 16, 1791, Feb. 1, 1791, June 4, 1792, Sept. 28, 1792, Nov. 2, 1792, Feb. 3, 1794, Nov. 7, 1797, July 26, 1802, Sept. 4, 1802, NLA, MS 43/1, MS 43/7-12, 14-15, 18, 20-21.
55. Smith to Dundas, Jan. 10, 1790, NLS MS 1060, ff. 272-75.
56. Smith to Dundas, Nov. 26, 1786, NLS MS 1060, ff. 226-36.
57. Smith to Dundas, Jan. 10, 1790, NLS MS 1060, ff. 272-75.
58. Smith to William Cabell, Jan. 10, 1790, BL IOR /H/434.
59. Said, Orientalism; Oliver Goldsmith, Citizen of the World. For works on British and European constructions of China see: D. Porter, “A Peculiar but Uninteresting Nation”; Markley, The Far East and the English Imagination; Spence, The Chan's Great Continent; Batchelor, “Concealing the Bounds.”
60. Ambassador Macartney, “A Journal of the Embassy to China in 1792 n 1793 n 1794, ” OSB fd 12/2, vol. 2, pp. 307- 8.
61. Marx, “Revolution in Europe and in China.”
62. Smith to Dundas, Apr. 23, 1781, BL IOR /H/434.
63. Spence, The Search for Modern China, p. 38.
64. Kuhn, Soulstealers; p. 58; Rawsky, The Last Emperors, p. 7.
65. Spence, The Search for Modern China, p. 40.
66. Smith to Dundas, Jan. 27, 1785, BL IOR /H/434.
67. Smith, “Some Propositions tending to the Establishment of the East India Companys Trade to China on a fi rm and advantageous basis, ” Feb. 16, 1783, BL IOR/H/434.
68. George Smith of Canton, Narrative of the Canton Debts, BL IOR/G/12/18, pp. 91-112.
69. Ibid.
70. Ibid.
71. Captain Rogers to Dundas, 1792, BL IOR G/12/91, vol. 2.
72. London Chronicle, Saturday, Sept. 3-5, 1778, issue 3394; BL IOR/G/12/90, pp. 53- 64.
73. George Smith of Canton, Narrative of the Canton Debts, BL IOR/G/12/18, pp. 91-112.
74. Consultation, Oct. 7, 1779, BL IOR/G/12/68; Jan. 15, 1781, BL IOR/G/12/20, pp. 310-21.
75. Blankett to Lord Shelburne, Dec. 8, 1782, and Jan. 27, 1783, BL Bowood Manuscripts. Thanks to P. J. Marshall for sharing these references with me. Y7527-Hanser.indb 196 4/10/19 2:02:56 PM Final Proofs Yale Representation Limited Notes to Pages 138-144 197
76. Smith to Dundas, Nov. 26, 1786, NLS MS 1060, ff. 226-35.
77. Smith, “Some Propositions tending to the Establishment of the East India Companys Trade to China on a fi rm and advantageous basis, ” Feb. 16, 1783; Smith to Dundas, Apr. 15, 1786, BL IOR /H/434.
78. Smith to Dundas, Sept. 19, 1790, NLS MS 1069, ff. 61- 62.
79. Smith to Dundas, May 27, 1786, NLS MS 1069, f. 10.
80. Journals of the House of Commons, May 12, 1794, vol. 49, pp. 585- 86.
81. Captain Mackintosh to Mr. Rose, Nov. 19, 1791, BL IOR G /12/91, vol. 1;Captain Mackintosh to Henry Dundas, Dec. 20, 1791, BL IOR G/12/91, vol. 1; Captain Rogers, “China Debts to Europeans, ” BL IOR G/12/91, vol. 2.
82. Bowen, “Privilege and Profit.”
83. Captain Mackintosh to Mr. Rose, Nov. 19, 1791, BL IOR G /12/91, vol. 1;Captain Mackintosh to Henry Dundas, Dec. 20, 1791, BL IOR G/12/91, vol. 1.
84. Captain Rogers, “China Debts to Europeans, ” BL IOR, G/12/91, vol. 2.
85. Copy of a letter from Thomas Fitzhugh to Nathaniel Smith, Aug. 28, 1787, BL IOR G/12/91, vol. 1.
86. BL IOR G/12/90-91, vols. 1-2, passim.
87. Macartney to Dundas, Jan. 23, 1792, BL IOR G/12/91, vol. 1.
88. Ross, Correspondence of Charles, First Marquis Cornwallis, vol. 2, pp. 1-2.
89. Smith to Dundas, Apr, 15, 1786, BL IOR /H/434.
90. Smith to Walsingham, July 18, 1786, NLS MS 1069, ff. 7- 8.
91. Scott, Remarks and Ideas on the Export Trade from Great Britain to India.
92. Spence as quoted in Chen, Chinese Law in Imperial Eyes, p. 26.
93. Instructions to Lord Macartney, Sept. 8, 1792, CUL, MSS DS117, George Macartney Papers, Asia Collections, vol. 5, doc. 228.
94. Ibid.
95. Smith Burges and Baring to Dundas, Jan. 20, 1792, BL IOR G/12/91.
96. Memorandum, in the hand of Sir Francis Baring, TBA, c1792, NP1.C22 10a.
97. Cathcart to Dundas, Aug. 18, 1787, BL IOR/G/12/90.
98. Baring to Dundas, Sept. 4, 1792, TBA, NP1.C22.8.
99. Dundas to Baring, Sept. 4, 1792, TBA, NP1.C22.8.
100. Ross, Correspondence of Charles, First Marquis Cornwallis, vol. 2, pp. 1-2.
101. Instructions to Lord Macartney, Sept. 8, 1792, CUL.
102. Dundas to Sir Archibald Campbell, July 27, 1787 (copy), Mel. MSS Eskbank “Grange” letter-book, as cited in Furber, Henry Dundas, First Viscount Melville, p. 59.
103. William Cabell to Smith, July 21, 1786, NLS MS 1060, f. 224.
104. Smith to Dundas, Nov. 10, 1790, NLS MS 1060, ff. 288-93.
105. Smith to Dundas, Feb. 16, 1783, and Apr. 15, 1786, BL IOR H/434; Peyrefitte, Immobile Empire, pp. 73-75; Platt, Autumn in the Heavenly Kingdom, pp. 109-10.
106. Sept. 10, 1787, NLS MS 1060, ff. 246-54; Nightingale, Trade and Empire in Western India, p. 55.
107. George Smith of Madras to Dundas, Apr. 15, 1786, BL IOR /H/434.
108. George Smith of Canton, “Narrative of the Canton Debts, ” BL IOR/G/12/18, pp. 91-112.
109. Instructions to Lord Macartney, Sept. 8, 1792, CUL, MSS DS 117, George Macartney Papers, Asia Collections, vol. 5, doc. 288; Furber, Henry Dundas, First Viscount Melville, p. 68.
110. Frost, Global Reach of Empire, pp. 173- 80.
111. Instructions to Lord Macartney, Sept. 8, 1792, CUL.
结语 三位乔治·史密斯的遗产
1. Smith to Dundas, May 27, 1786, NLS MS 1069, ff. 9-10.
2. Memorial of Viceroy of Guangdong and Guangxi, Jueluo Bayansan, and Guang dong Superintendent of Customs, Tu Ming-a, to the Qian long Emperor, Qinggong Yue Gang Ao Shangmao Dangan Quanji, Doc. 501, pp.2688- 2700, Qianlong 45th year, 10th month, 26th day.
3. Journals of the House of Commons, May 12, 1794, vol. 49, pp. 585- 86.
4. Smith to Dundas, March 28, 1787, NLS MS 1069, ff. 15-16.
5. Smith to Dundas, Sept. 19, 1790, NLS MS 1069, ff. 61- 62.
6. Cathcart to Dundas, Aug. 18, 1787, BL IOR/G/12/90.
7. Ibid.
8. Cathcart to Smith, Nov. 19, 1787, BL IOR/G/12/90, p. 41.
9. Baring and Burges to Dundas, July 25, 1792, BL IOR/G/12/91, vol. 2.
10. Dundas to Macartney, Sept. 8, 1792, BL IOR/G/12/91, vol. 2.
11. Cathcart to Dundas, Aug. 31, 1787, BL IOR/G/12/90.
12. Cathcart to Smith, Nov. 19, 1787, BL IOR/G/12/90.
13. Cathcart to Dundas, Aug. 31, 1787, BL IOR/G/12/90.
14. Cathcart to Lord Sydney, Dec. 2, 1787, BL IOR/G/12/90.
15. Smith to Cathcart, Nov. 20, 1787, BL IOR/G/12/90.
16. Ibid.
17. Thorne, “Macartney, George, Earl Macartney (1737-1806).”
18. Furber, Henry Dundas, First Viscount Melville, p. 50.
19. Ibid., pp. 50-54.
20. Staunton as cited in Pritchard, The Crucial Years of Early Anglo-Chinese Relations, p. 274.
21. George Macartney, Travel Journal, BLYU, OSB fd12 ½.
22. Ibid.
23. Ibid.
24. Smith to Scott, May 10, 1794, NLS MS 1069, f. 104. The first David Scott was born in 1791 but died young. The second David Scott was born in 1796 and survived to adulthood.
25. Ibid.
26. Scott to Dundas, May 11, 1794, NLS, MS 1069, ff. 102-3.
27. Ibid.
28. Ibid.
29. Smith to Scott, May 10, 1794, NLS MS 1069, f. 104.
30. Journals of the House of Commons, May 12, 1794, vol. 49, pp. 585- 86.
31. Journals of the House of Commons, May 15, 1794, vol. 49, pp. 595-96.
32. Ibid.
33. General Index to the Journals of the House of Commons, vol. 35, A.D. 1774-vol. 55, A.D. 1800.
34. Ibid.; An Act for the Relief of certain Insolvent Debtors, House of Lords Sessional Papers, 1714 -1805, 1 January 1760-2 July 1801.
35. Letter Books of David Scott, Scott to Smith, May 8, 1798, BL IOR /H/729, p. 185.
36. Anglican Parish Registers, Woking, Surrey, SHC STK/1/5.
37. BL IOR/P/416/98, f. 3a.
38. Letter Books of David Scott, Scott to Charlotte Smith, no date, circa 1803? ;Scott to Charlotte Smith, Jan. 31, 1804, BL IOR /H/731, pp. 135-36; Bulley, Bombay Country Ships, pp. 177- 80.
39. Erickson, Women and Property in Early Modern England, pp. 19-24.
40. Bombay Proceedings of the Mayor Court, Bombay Proceedings, June 28, 1779, BL IOR /P/417/37, pp. 676- 80.
41. Combs, “ ‘Concealing Him from His Creditors.'”
42. SHC QS6/7/53-54.
43. SHC BR/T/1266/7, Dec. 27-28, 1793.
44. SHC BR/T/1266/11, June 1-2, 1808.
45. Letter Books of David Scott, Scott to Charlotte Smith, Jan. 31, 1804, BL IOR/H/731, pp. 191-92.
46. Ibid.; Letter Books of David Scott, Scott to Charlotte Smith, No date, circa 1803? , BL IOR /H/731, pp. 135-36.
47. PRO, PROB 11/1818/63.
48. For Harriet's will see: PRO, PROB 11/2135/102.
49. 1841 Census, HO1070 0675/01, fol. 18, p. 29: 8 Devonshire St., Marylebone, ST MARYLEBONE, MDX; 1851 Census, HO107 1468, fol. 842, hse 86:18 Pembridge Villas, Kensington, KENSINGTON, MDX; 1851 Census, HO107 1593, fol. 375, hse 42: Byfl eet, CHERTSEY, SRY; 1851 Census, HO107 1973, fol. 828, hse 5: Chandos Cottage, Thurslstone rd, Cheltenham, CHELTENHAM, GLS.
50. PRO, PROB 11/2243/311.
51. Ibid.
52. PRO, PROB 11/1976/202.
53. The Asiatic Journal and Monthly Register for British and Foreign India, China and Austalasia, new series, vol. 13 ( Jan.-Apr. 1834): 205.
54. BL IOR/L/MIL/9/258/52v-53, 55v-56; BL IOR/L/MIL/9/116, p. 364; BL IOR/L/MIL/9/258/146v- 47.
55. PRO, PROB 11/1818/63.
56. BL IOR/L/AG/23/10/1 no. 949; IOR /L/MIL/9/258/52v-53, 55v-56.
57. PRO, PROB 11/1818/63.
58. BL IOR/L/AG/23/10/1 no. 949.
59. BL IOR/L/MIL/9/208, f. 287.
60. Ryde New Cemetery Section H Plot 2104; Clark, The East India Register and Army List for 1845, p. 155; BL IOR L /AG/34/29/299.
61. 1861 Census, RG9 0770, fol. 70 hse 153: “Romans, ” Norwood, Uxbridge, MDX.
62. London Gazette, Feb. 16-19, 1782, issue 12271.
63. London Gazette, Apr. 15-18, 1786, issue 12743; London Chronicle, Saturday, Dec. 26, 1789, issue 5211; Public Advertiser (London), Wednesday, Jan. 27, 1790, issue 17324; London Gazette, Tuesday, Apr. 4, 1786, issue 12740;Public Advertiser (London), Thursday, June 24, 1784, issue 15625; London Gazette, Saturday, July 19, 1783, issue 12459.
64. Smith to Hastings, Nov. 30, 1785, BL Add MS 29169, f. 138.
65. Calcutta Gazette; or, Oriental Advertiser, vol. 05: 1786, issue 130.
66. Ibid.
67. Calcutta Gazette; or, Oriental Advertiser, vol. 06: 1786-1787, issue 149.
