——我们要大力发展社会事业。坚持优先发展教育，稳步提升全民受教育程度。坚持自主创新、重点跨越、支撑发展、引领未来的方针，完善科技创新体系和支持政策，着力推进重大科学技术突破。研究与试验发展经费支出占国内生产总值比重达到2.2%，促进科技成果更好地转化为生产力。适应现代化建设需要，加强人才培养，努力造就规模宏大的高素质人才队伍。大力加强文化建设，推动文化改革发展实现新跨越，满足人民群众不断增长的精神文化需求。大力发展体育事业。进一步深化医药卫生体制改革，健全基本医疗卫生制度，加快实现人人享有基本医疗卫生服务的目标。创新社会管理体制机制，加强社会管理法律、体制、能力建设，确保社会既充满活力又和谐稳定。
- We will work hard to develop social undertakings. We will continue to give top priority to education, and steadily raise the educational level of the people. We will adhere to the principle of making innovations and leapfrog advances in key areas supporting development and creating a better future; improve the system of and support policies for scientific and technological innovation; and strive to make major scientific and technological breakthroughs. We will increase spending on R&D to 2.2% of GDP and promote the conversion of advances in science and technology into actual productive forces. In order to meet the demands of modernization, we will strengthen personnel training and strive to develop a large number of high-caliber personnel. We will vigorously strengthen cultural development and make another great stride forward in the reform and development of culture in order to meet the ever-growing intellectual and cultural demands of the people. We will work hard to develop sports. We will further deepen reform of the pharmaceutical and healthcare systems, improve the basic medical and health care systems, and more quickly reach the goal of making basic medical and health services available to all citizens. We will make innovations in social administration systems and mechanisms, improve the legal and institutional bases and the capacity of social administration, and ensure society is full of vitality, harmonious and stable.
——我们要扎实推进资源节约和环境保护。积极应对气候变化。加强资源节约和管理，提高资源保障能力，加大耕地保护、环境保护力度，加强生态建设和防灾减灾体系建设，全面增强可持续发展能力。非化石能源占一次能源消费比重提高到11.4%，单位国内生产总值能耗和二氧化碳排放分别降低16%和17%，主要污染物排放总量减少8%至10%，森林蓄积量增加6亿立方米，森林覆盖率达到21.66%。切实加强水利基础设施建设，推进大江大河重要支流、湖泊和中小河流治理，明显提高基本农田灌溉、水资源有效利用水平和防洪能力。
- We will effectively conserve resources and protect the environment. We will actively respond to climate change. We will strengthen resource conservation and management, become better able to ensure adequate supplies of resources, intensify the protection of farmland and the environment, strengthen ecological development and systems to prevent and mitigate natural disasters, and comprehensively build our capacity for sustainable development. The proportion of non-fossil fuels in primary energy consumption should reach 11.4%; energy consumption and CO2 emissions per unit of GDP should be reduced by 16% and 17% respectively; the release of major pollutants should be reduced by 8% to 10%; forest stock should be increased by 600 million m3 ; and forest cover should be increased to 21.66%. We will substantially improve water conservancy facilities; make progress in better controlling important tributaries of large rivers as well as lakes and small and medium-sized rivers; and significantly improve agricultural irrigation, the efficiency of water resources use and resistance to flooding.
——我们要全面改善人民生活。坚持把增加就业作为经济社会发展的优先目标，为全体劳动者创造公平的就业机会，五年城镇新增就业4500万人。坚持和完善按劳分配为主体、多种分配方式并存的分配制度，努力实现居民收入增长和经济发展同步、劳动报酬增长和劳动生产率提高同步，逐步提高居民收入在国民收入分配中的比重，提高劳动报酬在初次分配中的比重，加快形成合理的收入分配格局。城镇居民人均可支配收入和农村居民人均纯收入年均实际增长超过7%。提高扶贫标准，减少贫困人口。加快完善社会保障制度，进一步提高保障水平。城乡基本养老、基本医疗保障制度实现全覆盖，提高并稳定城乡三项基本医疗保险参保率，政策范围内的医保基金支付水平提高到70%以上，全国城镇保障性住房覆盖面达到20%左右。坚持计划生育基本国策，逐步完善政策，促进人口长期均衡发展，人均预期寿命提高1岁。
- We will comprehensively improve the people's wellbeing. We will make increasing employment the foremost objective of economic and social development, create equitable job opportunities for the entire workforce, and create an extra 45 million urban jobs over the next five years. We will uphold and improve the distribution system whereby distribution according to work is dominant and multiple fonus of distribution exist side by side, strive to coordinate increases in people's incomes with economic development and increases in workers' pay with improvements in labor productivity, gradually raise the proportion of national income distributed to individuals, increase the proportion of wages in the primary distribution of income, and quickly make the pattern of income distribution more reasonable. The per capita disposable income of urban residents and the per capita net income of rural residents will rise by an ammal average of over 7% in real terms. We will raise the poverty line and reduce the number of people living in poverty. We will more quickly improve the social security system, and continue to raise social security benefits. The basic pension insurance and basic medical insurance systems will cover all urban and rural residents. Participation in the basic medical insurance system for working and non-working urban residents and the new rural cooperative medical care system will increase and stabilize, and we will increase the proportion of expenses for medical treatment paid out of the medical insurance fund to over 70% in accordance with relevant policies. Low-income housing will be made available to around 20% of the country's urban households. We will adhere to the basic state policy on family planning and progressively improve it. We will promote balanced population growth in the long term and raise the average life expectancy by one year.
——我们要全面深化改革开放。更加重视改革顶层设计和总体规划，大力推进经济体制改革，积极稳妥地推进政治体制改革，加快推进文化体制、社会体制改革，不断完善社会主义市场经济体制，扩大社会主义民主，完善社会主义法制，使上层建筑更加适应经济基础发展变化，为科学发展提供有力保障。坚持和完善基本经济制度，营造各种所有制经济依法平等使用生产要素、公平参与市场竞争、同等受到法律保护的体制环境。加快财税金融体制改革，积极构建有利于转变经济发展方式的财税体制，构建组织多元、服务高效、监管审慎、风险可控的金融体系。深化资源性产品价格和环保收费改革，建立健全能够灵活反映市场供求关系、资源稀缺程度和环境损害成本的资源性产品价格形成机制。实施更加积极主动的开放战略，培育参与国际合作与竞争新优势，进一步形成互利共赢的开放新格局。
- We will comprehensively deepen reform and opening up.We will pay greater attention to the top-level design and overall planning of reform, vigorously press ahead with economic restructuring, actively yet prudently advance political restructuring, accelerate reform of the cultural and social management systems, constantly improve the socialist market economy, expand socialist democracy, improve the socialist legal system, make the superstructure more responsive to the development of and changes in the economic base, and provide strong assurances for scientific development. We will uphold and improve the basic economic system, and create an institutional environment under which economic entities under all forms of ownership use factors of production equally in accordance with the law, engage in fair competition in the market, and enjoy equal legal protection. We will accelerate the reform of the fiscal, taxation, and financial systems; make fiscal and taxation systems conducive to transforming the pattern of economic development; and develop a financial system that is comprised of diverse organizations, provides efficient service, exercises prudent oversight, and keeps risks within bounds. We will deepen reform of the prices for resource products and environmental protection charges, and develop a sound, flexible mechanism for setting prices for resource products capable of reflecting supply and demand in the market, resource scarcity, and the cost of environmental damage. We will implement a more positive opening up strategy, cultivate new advantages beneficial to our participation in international cooperation and competition, and bring about a new phase of opening up that emphasizes mutual benefit.
——我们要不断加强政府自身改革建设。政府的一切权力都是人民赋予的，必须对人民负责，为人民谋利益，接受人民监督；必须最广泛地动员和组织人民依法管理国家和社会事务，管理经济和文化事业；必须坚持依法治国基本方略，加强维护群众利益的法规建设，推进依法行政；必须实行科学、民主决策，建立健全决策、执行、监督既相互制约又相互协调的运行机制，确保权力正确行使；必须从制度上改变权力过分集中而又得不到制约的状况，坚决惩治和预防腐败；必须保障人民的民主权利和合法权益，维护社会公平正义。
- We will constantly strengthen the government's internal reforms and self-improvement.
All the government's power is entrusted by the people, and the government must therefore be responsible for the people, work to benefit them, and accept their oversight. We must mobilize and organize as many people as possible to manage state and social affairs as well as economic and cultural undertakings in accordance with the law. We must uphold the rule of law as a basic strategy, strengthen laws and regulations to safeguard the people's interests, and carry out administration in accordance with the law. We must make decisions scientifically and democratically; establish a sound operational mechanism for decision making, enforcement and oversight to check each other and function in concert; and ensure that power is exercised properly. We must make institutional changes to end the excessive concentration of power and lack of checks on power, and resolutely prevent and punish corruption. We must safeguard the people's democratic rights and legitimate rights and interests, and safeguard social fairness and justice.
总之，经过未来五年努力，实现“十二五”规划的各项目标，我国的综合国力就会有更大的提升，人民生活就会有更大的改善，国家面貌就会发生更大的变化。In short, by achieving all the targets set forth in the Twelfth Five-Year Plan through hard work in the coming five years, China's overall strength will further increase, people will live better lives, and our country will undergo more profound changes.
三、2011年的工作Ⅲ. Work for 2011
2011年，是“十二五”开局之年，做好今年的工作对于完成“十二五”各项目标任务至关重要。过去一年，我们的各项工作取得了很大成绩。国内生产总值增长10.3%，居民消费价格涨幅控制在3.3%，城镇新增就业1168万人，国际收支状况有所改善。这为做好今年的工作打下了良好基础。The year 2011 is the first year of the Twelfth Five-Year Plan period, and it is pivotal for us to do a good job this year in order to accomplish all the tasks and objectives set forth in the plan. Last year, we achieved significant results in all our work. GDP rose by 10.3%; the increase in the CPI was held in check at 3.3%; 11.68 million new urban jobs were created; and the balance of payments situation improved. All ofthis laid a good foundation for our work this year.
今年，我国发展面临的形势仍然极其复杂。世界经济将继续缓慢复苏，但复苏的基础不牢。发达经济体经济增长乏力，失业率居高难下，一些国家主权债务危机隐患仍未消除，主要发达经济体进一步推行宽松货币政策，全球流动性大量增加，国际大宗商品价格和主要货币汇率加剧波动，新兴市场资产泡沫和通胀压力加大，保护主义继续升温。国际市场竞争更加激烈，不稳定不确定因素仍然较多。我国经济运行中一些长期问题和短期问题相互交织，体制性矛盾和结构性问题叠加在一起，加大了宏观调控难度。我们要准确判断形势，保持清醒头脑，增强忧患意识，做好应对风险的准备。
This year, our country still faces an extremely complex situation for development. The world economy will continue to recover slowly, but the foundation for recovery is not solid. Economic growth in developed economies is weak, their unemployment rates are and will remain high, and some countries are still under the threat of their sovereign debt crises. Major developed economies have further eased monetary policies, global liquidity has increased greatly, the prices of major commodities and the exchange rates of major currencies have become more volatile in the international market, asset bubbles and inflationary pressure have grown in emerging markets, protectionism continues to heat up, competition in the international market is becoming mote intense, and there are still many unstable and uncertain factors. Some long-term and short-term problems in Our country's economic activities are intertwined, and institutional incongruities and structural problems are stacked up together, making Our macro-control more difficult. We need to correctly? judge the situation, keep our heads clear, be more mindful of potential dangers, and be prepared to respond to risks.
今年国民经济和社会发展的主要预期目标是：国内生产总值增长8%左右；经济结构进一步优化；居民消费价格总水平涨幅控制在4%左右；城镇新增就业900万人以上，城镇登记失业率控制在4.6%以内；国际收支状况继续改善。总的考虑是，为转变经济发展方式创造良好环境，引导各方面把工作着力点放在加快经济结构调整、提高发展质量和效益上，放在增加就业、改善民生、促进社会和谐上。
The major targets for this year's national economic and social development are as follows: to increase GDP by around 8%, further optimize the economic structure, keep the cpr increase around 4%, create more than nine million new urban jobs, keep the registered urban unemployment rate at 4.6% or lower, and continue to improve the balance of payments situation. Our main purpose is to create a good environment for transforming the pattern of economic development, and to guide all sectors to focus their work on accelerating economic restructuring and raising the quality and results of development as well as on increasing employment, improving the people's wellbeing and promoting social harmony.
实现上述目标，要保持宏观经济政策的连续性、稳定性，提高针对性、灵活性、有效性，处理好保持经济平稳较快发展、调整经济结构、管理通胀预期的关系，更加注重稳定物价总水平，防止经济出现大的波动。To achieve the above targets, we need to maintain continuity and stability in ourmacroeconomic policies; make them more targeted, flexible and effective; correctly strike a balance between maintaining steady yet rapid economic development, restructuring the economy and managing inflation expectations; pay more attention to maintaining overall price stability; and prevent large economic fluctuations.
继续实施积极的财政政策。保持适当的财政赤字和国债规模。今年拟安排财政赤字9000亿元，其中中央财政赤字7000亿元，继续代地方发债2000亿元并纳入地方预算，赤字规模比上年预算减少1500亿元，赤字率下降到2%左右。要着力优化财政支出结构，增加“三农”、欠发达地区、民生、社会事业、结构调整、科技创新等重点支出；压缩一般性支出，严格控制党政机关办公楼等楼堂馆所建设，出国（境）经费、车辆购置及运行费、公务接待费等支出原则上零增长，切实降低行政成本。继续实行结构性减税。依法加强税收征管。对地方政府性债务进行全面审计，实施全口径监管，研究建立规范的地方政府举债融资机制。
We will continue to implement a proactive fiscal policy. We will keep thedeficit and government bonds at appropriate levels. This year, we are projectinga deficit of 900 billion yuan, which consists of a 700 billion yuan central government deficit and 200 billion yuan in local government bonds, which will be included in local government budgets. This deficit is 150 billion yuan less than budgeted last year, and the deficit will decrease to around 2% of GDP. We need to focus on optimizing the structure of expenditures. We need to increase expenditures in key areas, such as agriculture, rural areas, and farmers; underdeveloped areas; the people's wellbeing; social programs; restructuring; and scientific and technological innovation. We need to decrease ordinary expenditures; strictly control expenditures of Party and government bodies on office buildings and other facilities; keep the budgets for travel abroad, the purchase and operating costs of motor vehicles, and official entertainment at their present level in principle without any increase; and genuinely decrease administrative costs. We will continue to implement structural tax reductions.We will strengthen tax collection and administration in accordance with the law. We will comprehensively audit local government debt, carry out complete oversight .and control, and establish a standardized financing mechanism for local governments to borrow money.
实施稳健的货币政策。保持合理的社会融资规模，广义货币增长目标为16%。健全宏观审慎政策框架，综合运用价格和数量工具，提高货币政策有效性。提高直接融资比重，发挥好股票、债券、产业基金等融资工具的作用，更好地满足多样化投融资需求。着力优化信贷结构，引导商业银行加大重点领域和薄弱环节的信贷支持，严格控制对“两高”行业和产能过剩行业贷款。进一步完善人民币汇率形成机制。密切监控跨境资本流动，防范“热钱”流入。加强储备资产的投资和风险管理，提高投资收益。
We will implement a prudent monetary policy. We will keep financing from all sources at an appropriate level, and we have set a target of a 16% increase in the broad money supply (M2). We will improve our policy framework for comprehensively exercising caution and utilize the tools of prices and quantity in an integrated manner to make our monetary policy more effective. We will increase the proportion of direct financing, and make full use of financing tools such as stocks, bonds and private equities to better satisfy the diverse demands for investment and financing. We will strive to optimize the credit structure, guide commercial banks to in crease credit support to key areas and weak links, and strictly control loans to industries that consume large quantities of energy and resources, are highly polluting or have excess capacity. We will further improve the. mechanism for setting RMB exchange rates. We will closely monitor and control cross-border capital flows and prevent the influx of hot money. We will strengthen investment management and risk management over our foreign exchange reserves and increase the returns on our investments.
