饭饭TXT > 学习管理 > 《托福阅读1000词 托福写作1000词(出书版)》作者:俞敏洪【完结】 > 托福阅读1000词.txt

第 10 页

作者:俞敏洪 当前章节:15383 字 更新时间:2026-6-23 03:06

例句 These settlements became centers for the artisan and trading populations like the other small towns. 这些定居地点和那些小镇一样,变成了手艺人和生意人聚集的中心。

同义 craftsman(n. 工匠,手艺人)

attractive[ə'træktiv]a. 吸引人的;引起注意的

例句 1. To children, American children's books are almost always attractive and interesting. 对孩子而言,美国的儿童读物几乎都充满了吸引力和趣味。

2. Eventually, younger ecologists have found compared with measuring physical constants, ecological problems involving behavior and life-history adaptations are more attractive. 最终,年轻一些的生态学家们发现,与测量物理常数相比,包含行为和生活经历适应性的生态问题更有吸引力。

要点 托福阅读中经常用到attractive“吸引人的,有魅力的”这个词义,它的同义词有很多,可替换使用,如tempting,appealing,inviting,intriguing,charming。

同义 dramatic(a. 引人注目的)

burial['beriəl]n. 埋葬;葬礼 a. 埋葬的

例句 In China, the function and status of ceramics varied from dynasty to dynasty, so they may be utilitarian, burial, or even ritual objects, according to their quality and the era in which they were made. 在中国,制陶术的功能和地位在每一个朝代都有所不同,所以根据陶器的质量以及制作年代,可判断它们是实用的,用于埋葬的,或是仪式用品。

同义 interment(n. 葬礼)

candid['kændid]a. 坦白的,率直的;抢拍的,偷拍的

搭配 to be candid 坦率地说

例句 1. The new candid photography took pictures when the subjects were unaware that their pictures were being taken and they weren't required to pose. 新出现的偷拍摄影是在拍摄对象不知情时抓拍他们的照片,而不要求他们摆姿势。

2. The bishop has appealed to people to be candid and honest in their dealings with each other. 主教呼吁人们要坦白真诚地对待彼此。

要点 candid表示“坦白的”这一含义比较常见,但是这个单词还有“偷拍的,抢拍的”的意思,这个词义并不常见,但在托福阅读考试中曾经出现过。

carve[kɑ:rv]v. 雕刻;切

搭配 be carved in stone(决定、计划等)不可更改

例句 1. The flutes were carved from a length of soft, straight-grained wood. 笛子是由一根直纹软木刻制而成的。

2. With great energy, glaciers carve the hardest rock formations and then reshape them into debris. 伴随着巨大的能量,冰川切开最坚硬的岩石层,将它们变成一堆碎片。

同义 incise(v. 雕刻);slice(v. 切)

要点 carve不仅可以指“雕刻”,在托福阅读中,也常用来表示“切开”的含义。

cast[kæst]v. 浇铸;投掷;丢弃

例句 1. They had invented bronze, a kind of alloy that could be cast in molds and made tools and weapons. 他们发明了青铜,这是一种可以在模子里浇注并做成工具和武器的合金。

2. Even though earlier scientific studies strongly supported the tiredness theory, new evidence has cast doubt on these findings. 即使最早的科学研究为疲劳理论提供了强有力的支持,但新的证据仍然让人们对这一发现表示怀疑。

同义 mold(v. 浇铸);throw(v. 投掷)

cave[keiv]n. 山洞,洞穴 v. 塌落

搭配 cave dwelling 窑洞

例句 These cave paintings concentrate on portraying animals without depicting the natural environments in which these animals are typically found. 这些洞穴壁画专注于描绘动物,却没有描绘出这些动物被发现时所处的自然环境。

ceramic[sə'ræmik]n.[常 pl.]陶瓷器 a. 陶器的

例句 1. Before China had contact with the West, the meaning of the designs used to decorate Chinese ceramics was well understood. 在中国和西方建立联系之前,许多用来装饰中国陶瓷器的设计意义是被充分理解的。

2. One of the most important American ceramics of the nineteenth century is Rockingham ware. 罗金厄姆陶器是19世纪美国最重要的陶瓷产品之一。

同类 其他生活制品还有:metalwork 金属制品;textile 纺织品;handcraft 手工制品。

chart[ʧɑ:rt]n. 图表;海图 v. 用图说明;制图

搭配 flow chart 流程图

例句 1. We are able to chart the history of innovation in musical notation. 我们可以用音乐符号来说明创新的历史。

2. Mendeleyev and Meyer structured the known elements into a chart that revealed the periodic recurrences of their chemical and physical properties. 门捷列夫和迈耶用已知元素构成一个表,用来展现元素呈周期性出现的化学和物理性质。

同类 其他图表还有:graph 图表;table 表格;illustration 插图;diagram 图表。

clay[klei]n. 泥土,黏土;肉体,人体

例句 Boundary clay layers are used by scientists to determine at which rate an extinct species declined. 边界黏土层被科学家用来测定灭绝物种是以何种速率减少的。

同类 其他类型的土还有:earth 泥土;mud 黏土;topsoil 表层土;sludge 烂泥;mire 泥沼。

clue[klu:]n. 线索;提示

例句 It cannot support clues about the origins of this art style. 它无法为这种艺术风格的起源提供线索。

要点 clue作“提示,线索”讲时,与cue,hint意思相近;有时我们会遇到词组not have a clue,意为“什么也不知道;毫无头绪”。

composition[ˌkɑ:mpə'ziʃn]n. 创作,作曲;构成

例句 Those multivoiced dialogue narratives to original musical compositions crafted by Japanese narrators were performed by symphony-size orchestras. 那些日本叙述者为原创音乐作品精心制作的多重混音叙事对白是由交响乐规模的管弦乐队来演奏的。

要点 composition在托福阅读中出现的频率很高,除了可以表示“作曲”的意思以外,还经常出现在科学题材的文章中,表示“成分”,比如:chemical composition“化学成分构成”。

construct[kən'strʌkt]v. 建造;创立['kɑ:nstrʌkt]n. 构想;观念

例句 1. It required native labor force to construct forts and feed and train the soldiers' animals. 这需要当地的劳动力来建造堡垒、喂养并训练士兵饲养的动物。

2. The houses constructed of adobe and wood formed the unique architectural style of this region. 泥砖和木头建造的房子构成了这一地区独特的建筑风格。

construction[kən'strʌkʃn]n. 构造;建筑物;结构

搭配 metal-frame construction 金属框架结构

例句 1. In the city, construction materials are not as good at keeping the warmth of buildings as they are in the countryside. 在城市里,建筑材料并不像在乡村地区那样能够很好地使建筑物保温。

2. Because of the real risk of the lost of beaches, lots of geologists support a ban on all types of stabilizing construction on shore lines. 由于失去海滩的实际风险,很多地质学家支持禁止在海岸线建造各类固定建筑的禁令。

content['kɑ:ntent]n.[常 pl.]内容;目录;含量

例句 Without this knowledge, it is unable to appreciate the formal content of Egyptian art, and we will fail to understand why it was produced or the concepts that shaped it and caused it to adopt its distinctive forms. 如果没有这一知识,便无法欣赏埃及艺术的正式内容,我们也就无法理解这种艺术形成的原因,或者使其形成并采取独特形式的概念。

要点 content在托福阅读文章中多用作名词,作“含量;内容”讲,如:salt content“含盐量”。

cue[kju:]n. 暗示,提示;球杆

搭配 cue and timings sheet 电视节目安排时间表

例句 Individuals who are suffered from environmental dependency syndrome will rely on environmental cues in order to accomplish their goals or tasks. 那些患有环境依赖综合症的人们会依赖环境提示的线索来完成他们的目标或任务。

同义 hint(n. 暗示,提示)

要点 在托福阅读文章中,cue最常见的搭配是environmental cue和external cue,表示“由环境/外界提供的线索”。

decorative[dekəreitiv]a. 装饰性的,做装饰用的

例句 1. Many useful and decorative raw materials are not able to be found naturally in the Middle East but are available from neighboring regions. 许多有用的装饰性原材料在中东地区无法找到,但是在周边地区却可以。

2. This color doesn't match the rest of the decorative scheme. 这个颜色和装饰设计方案的其他部分不搭。

同义 ornamental(a. 装饰的)

deform[di'fɔ:rm]v.(使)变形;毁坏形状或外观

例句 1. The handicraftsman resorts to intense heat from the fire to deform the metal material. 手工艺人借助火产生的高温使金属材料变形。

2. At the upper timberline the trees begin to become twisted and deformed. 较高的树带界线里的树木开始变得扭曲变形。

同义 distort[v.(使)变形]

delicate['delikət]a. 易损的;微妙的;精巧的

例句 1. It could be a marvelously precise process, so that details of shell ornamentation, tree rings in wood, and delicate structures in bone are exactly preserved. 这是一个奇迹般的精准过程,贝壳装饰物的细节、树木的年轮以及骨头的精致结构都完好地保存下来。

2. Before becoming fossilized, the micro, delicate skeletons are usually destroyed by weathering. 由于风化作用,小而易碎的骨骼在变成化石之前通常就已经被摧毁了。

同义 fragile(a. 易损的);subtle(a. 微妙的);exquisite(a. 精巧的)

要点 在托福阅读中,delicate往往会出现在词汇题目中,一般考查的是“易损的”这个词义,与其相匹配的是fragile,表示“脆的,易碎的”。

depict[di'pikt]v. 描写,描述,描绘

例句 1. These cave paintings focused on portraying the animals, even the details were depicted carefully. 这些洞穴画专注于描绘动物,甚至连细节都被刻画得很仔细。

2. What the impressionists see in nature is that they want to depict. 印象派画家眼中的自然就是他们想要描绘的。

要点 托福阅读中也会用到depict的近义词,比如present,describe,portray等,在有些情况下可能会替换使用。

dome[doum]n. 圆屋顶,穹顶

例句 Shortwave radiation passes through the pollution dome more easily than longwave radiation does. 短波辐射比长波辐射更容易穿过污染丘。

同义 cupola(n. 圆屋顶)

dynasty['dainəsti]n. 王朝,朝代

例句 The function of ceramics is the same from dynasty to dynasty. 制陶术的功能在每个时代都是一样的。

派生 dynastic(a. 王朝的)

earthenware['ə:rθnwer]n. 陶器

例句 Before stoneware appeared, earthenware ceramics were produced in China. 在缸瓦器出现以前,陶器制作术在中国就出现了。

同义 crockery(n. 陶器)

elaborate[i'læbəreit]a. 精心制作的;复杂精美的 v. 详述

例句 In praying for rain, people established elaborate ceremonies and religious rituals. 为了求雨,人们精心设立了典礼和宗教仪式。

同义 detailed(a. 精心制作的)

要点 虽然我们经常会见到elaborate作为动词表示“详述”的用法,但在托福阅读中,更常用到的是其形容词词义,表示“精心制作的”。

emperor['empərər]n. 皇帝,君主

例句 During the reign of the emperor Hadrian, membership in these regiments arrived at its highest point. 在哈德良皇帝统治时期,这些兵团的成员人数达到了最高峰。

empire['empaiər]n. 帝国

例句 These areas rapidly incorporated into an empire which was not long affected by the military. 这些地区迅速地合并成为一个没有长期受到军事影响的帝国。

同义 empery(n. 帝国)

engrave[in'greiv]v.(在…上)雕刻;铭刻

例句 1. They engraved delicate patterns on the window panes and mirror frames. 他们在窗格和镜框上雕刻了精致的纹样。

2. These rules should be engraved on minds. 这些规则应该被熟记于心。

同义 brand(v. 雕刻)

enormous[i'nɔ:rməs]a. 巨大的,极大的

例句 Next came the Erie canal, spanning about 350 miles, it is an enormous project in its day. 接下来是伊利运河,该运河绵延350英里,在当时是一项巨大的工程。

同义 massive(a. 巨大的,极大的)

要点 在阅读中,enormous和massive常常可以替换使用,但要注意虽然两者都表示“巨大的”,但massive更偏重于表达“质量”或“数量”方面的庞大。

equipment[i'kwipmənt]n. 装备,配备

例句 In the transition to sound films, European producers often lacked of knowledge about the necessary equipment. 在电影转化为有声的过程中,欧洲制片人往往缺乏与必要的设备相关的知识。

同义 facility(n. 设备)

etching['eʧiŋ]n. 蚀刻术;蚀刻板画

例句 The calotype could be made in series, and was therefore an equivalent to an etching or an engraving. 光力摄影法可以实现连续制作,因此它与蚀刻术和雕刻术具有相同的地位。

excavation[ˌekskə'veiʃn]n. 挖掘;出土文物;挖掘的地方

例句 1. In the practice of excavation, there are many specialized techniques for use and each dig will have its particular features, which will determine the archaeologists' approach. 在文物出土实践中有许多专门的工具可以使用,而且每件不同的文物都有着不同的特点,这会决定考古学家所用的方法。

2. After several years of cultivation and harvest, the site would be restored at a cost much lower than the price of excavation and reburial. 在经历数年的耕种和收获后,这片地区可以以远低于挖掘和再掩埋的价格恢复。

同义 dig(n. 挖掘;文物)

exotic[ig'zɑ:tik]a. 外来的;非本地的;奇异的

例句 1. Exotic objects traded from remote areas were found in their settlements, such as seashells, stone bowls, and artifacts made of obsidian. 在他们定居的地方发现了通过贸易而从远方得来的外来物件,比如贝壳、石碗,以及用黑曜石制成的手工艺品。

2. Leopold is planning to create a botanical garden where only exotic flowers are grown. 利奥波德计划要建造一个植物园,在这里只种植奇花异草。

要点 exotic作为“外来的”讲时,和alien的含义比较接近。但是两个单词表达的侧重点不一样:alien多突出相异性以及性质上的不同;而exotic更侧重于表达异域风情。

expressive[ik'spresiv]a. 有表现力的,富有表情的;生动的

搭配 the expressive power of music 音乐的表现力

例句 Within relationships, people are bound by two types of bonds: expressive ties and instrumental ties. 在人际关系中,人们被两种束缚禁锢着:感情性的束缚和工具性的束缚。

external[ik'stə:rnl]a. 外部的;表面的

例句 When the usual external cycles are shifted, further evidence for persistent internal rhythms appears. 当通常的外部循环被改变时,稳固的内在节律的进一步证据就会出现。

同义 exterior(a. 表面的)

反义 internal(a. 内部的)

要点 external的反义词internal在阅读中也经常出现。这两个词常常同时出现,表达一种对比。

figurative['figərətiv]a. 比喻的,借喻的;象征的

例句 1. The increasingly complex figurative styles replaced the geometric style of Australian rock art. 澳大利亚岩石艺术的几何风格被越来越复杂的象征风格所取代。

2. Before introducing the biochemical specifics of how it works, a figurative example is needed. 在介绍关于这是如何运作的生化特性之前,一个比喻性的示例是必要的。

同义 tralatitious(a. 比喻的)

fragile['fræʤl]a. 易碎的;脆弱的;不强健的

例句 1. Compared with weak sound amplification or fragile sound recordings, linking images with recorded sound was a larger obstacle. 比起微弱的声音放大器以及易损坏的录音,将录制的音乐与图片联系起来是一个更大的障碍。

2. One would be easily injured for his muscle fibers were short and fragile. 如果一个人的肌肉纤维短而脆弱,那么他就很容易受伤。

同义 brittle(a. 易碎的);frail(a. 脆弱的)

fragment['frægmənt]n. 碎片,断片[fræg'ment]v. 分裂;(使)成碎片

例句 1. The sample is made up of pebbles of gypsum and fragments of volcanic rock. 样品是由小块的石膏和火山岩的碎片制成的。

2. Snowflakes are made up of broken fragments and clusters of adhering ice crystals. 雪花是由碎片和黏在一起的冰晶团构成的。

同义 debris(n. 碎片,断片)

frame[freim]n. 框架;心情 v. 设计;构成;给…镶框;陷害

搭配 frame of mind 心态,心绪

例句 1. Modern architectural forms generally have three components which are comparable to elements of the human body — a supporting frame like the skeleton, an outer skin enclosing the interior spaces, and the equipment that is similar to the organs. 当今的建筑构造通常由三个可以和人体对应的部分组成——支撑的框架就像人的骨架,包裹内部空间的外层皮肤,以及类似器官的内部设施。

2. The picture is now ready to be mounted and framed. 这幅画现在可以装裱、配框了。

派生 framework(n. 构架;框架)

frontality[frən'tæliti]n. 正面描绘

例句 Stone, wood, and metal statues all show the feature of frontality. 石头、木头和金属的雕像都展示了正面描绘的特色。

glaze[gleiz]v. 上釉;给…装玻璃,用玻璃覆盖 n. 釉料

例句 1. As early as the fifteenth century B.C., there was stoneware with glazed surfaces made in high-temperatures. 早在公元前15世纪,就已经有在高温制成的表面上过釉的缸瓦器。

2. It was made by adding glaze to the fired clay. 这是通过给烧制好的黏土上釉制成的。

同义 gloss(v. 上釉)

handicraft['hændikræft]n. 手工艺;手工艺品

例句 Most rural villages made an arrangement with a nearby urban that enabled villagers to make profits from selling any handicrafts they produced in the urban markets. 许多农村与附近的城市做出这样的安排,让村民们可以到城市里的市场上出售他们自己制作的手工艺品,从而获利。

同义 artifact(n. 手工艺品)

highlight['hailait]v. 强调;以强烈光线照射;集中注意力于

例句 The light highlights the shape of this piece of artwork. 灯光突显了这件艺术品的形状。

要点 highlight有时还可以表示对相关信息的强调,因此在阅读中看到这个词的时候要格外注意。

hint[hint]n. 提示;[常 pl.]忠告;细微的迹象

例句 1. Even setting aside the unproven hints of this painting, the figures in it also suggest the daily life at that time. 就算不管画中那些未经证明的提示,画中的人物也暗示了当时的日常生活。

2. The counselors will give hints about success. 顾问将给出一些关于成功的建议。

同义 cue(n. 提示);advice(n. 忠告)

identify[ai'dentifai]v. 识别;鉴定;把…等同于

搭配 identify with sb. 与某人产生共鸣

例句 1. Fossils are identifying markers for particular periods in Earth's history. 化石是识别地球历史上特定时期的标记。

2. This odor makes ants identify intruders. 这个气味可以让蚂蚁识别入侵者。

同义 spot(v. 识别);judge(v. 鉴定)

indistinct[ˌindi'stiŋkt]a. 不清楚的

例句 A color or pattern that is relatively indistinct in one kind of light might be distinct in another. 在一种光下相对模糊的颜色或图案在另一种光下或许就会特别鲜明。

instrument['instrəmənt]n. 仪器,工具;乐器

搭配 musical instruments 乐器

例句 1. Instruments such as spoons, ropes, and pebble tools show signs that they were used or constructed by right-handed people. 像勺子、绳索、石刀这样的工具展示出它们都是被右撇子使用或制造的迹象。

2. Some alarmists believe that these new instruments marked the end of classical music. 一些杞人忧天的人认为这些新乐器的出现标志着古典音乐的终结。

同类 乐器相关单词:percussion 打击乐器;keyboard instrument 键盘乐器;orchestral instruments 管弦乐器;stringed instrument 弦乐器。

integral['intigrəl]a. 不可或缺的;完整的

例句 1. The integral parts of the design of architecture structures are materials and methods of construction. 建筑结构设计中不可或缺的部分是材料和建筑方法。

2. The powerful and expressive style was integral to the foundations of modern dance. 这种强大而富有表现力的风格是现代舞蹈不可或缺的构成部分。

同义 fundamental(a. 不可或缺的)

jewelry['ʤu:əlri]n.(总称)首饰;珠宝

例句 Travelling across large areas of terrain with their domesticated animals, the pastoralists traded many valuable goods such as silks and jewelry. 牧民们带着驯养的动物走过了大片地区,通过交易得到了许多贵重物品,比如丝绸和珠宝。

同义 gem(n. 珍宝)

kinetoscope[ki'netəskəup]n. 活动电影放映机

例句 The kinetoscope arcades were modeled on phonograph parlors, which proved that Edison was successful several years earlier. 活动电影放映厅是模仿留声机放映厅设计的,这也证明爱迪生很多年以前的设计非常成功。

同类 电影相关单词:cinematograph 电影摄影机;movie theatre 影院;premiere 首映式;direction 导演;production 制片;scenario 编剧;scene 场景;shooting 摄制;dubbing 配音。

目录
设置
设置
阅读主题
字体风格
雅黑 宋体 楷书 卡通
字体大小
适中 偏大 超大
保存设置
恢复默认
手机
手机阅读
扫码获取链接,使用浏览器打开
书架同步,随时随地,手机阅读
首 页 < 上一章 章节列表 下一章 > 尾 页