1. The importance of Parmenides and Anaxagoras as founders of Greek scientific astronomy is emphasized by Daniel W. Graham, Science Before Socrates—Parmenides, Anaxagoras, and the New Astronomy (Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2013)。
2. Ancilla, p. 18.
3. Aristotle, On the Heavens, Book II, Chapter 14, 297b 26–298a 5 (Oxford trans., pp. 488–89)。
4. Ancilla, p. 23.
5. Aristotle, On the Heavens, Book II, Chapter 11.
6. Archimedes, On Floating Bodies, in T. L. Heath, trans., The Works of Archimedes (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1897), p. 254. Hereafter cited as Archimedes, Heath trans.
7. A translation is given by Thomas Heath in Aristarchus of Samos (Clarendon, Oxford, 1923)。
8. Archimedes, The Sand Reckoner, Heath trans., p. 222.
9. Aristotle, On the Heavens, Book II, 14, 296b 4–6 (Oxford trans.)。
10. Aristotle, On the Heavens, Book II, 14, 296b 23–24 (Oxford trans.)。
11. Cicero, De Re Publica, 1.xiv §21–22, in Cicero, On the Republic and On the Laws, trans. Clinton W. Keys (Loeb Classical Library, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass., 1928), pp. 41, 43.
12. This work has been reconstructed by modern scholars; see Albert van Helden, Measuring the Universe—Cosmic Dimensions from Aristarchus to Halley (University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Ill., 1983), pp. 10–13.
13. Ptolemy’s Almagest, trans. and annotated G. J. Toomer (Duckworth, London, 1984)。 The Ptolemy star catalog is on pages 341–99.
14. For a contrary view, see O. Neugebauer, A History of Ancient Mathematical Astronomy (Springer-Verlag, New York, 1975), pp. 288, 577.
15. Ptolemy, Almagest, Book VII, Chapter 2.
16. Cleomedes, Lectures on Astronomy, ed. and trans. A. C. Bowen and R. B. Todd (University of California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles, 2004)。