在英文中,我们可以用have to来代替must,以下是have to的例子:
He has to go to Chicago tomorrow.(他明天应该去芝加哥)
They had to buy three tickets to go to the concert.(他们必须买三张票去听音乐会)
I have to work very hard.(我必须努力工作)
含有have to的句子,如要改成否定句子,必须在have to前面加do或它的变形,请看以下的例子:
肯定句子:He has to eat a lot of food.
否定句子:He does not have to eat a lot of food.
6-2 No, Never和Any的用法
要达成否定的意思,有时我们也可以用no和never这些字,no必须跟一个名词,请看下面的例子:
1.I saw no students here.
2.There are no lakes in this country.
3.I have no money.
4.I had no choice.
5.He has no friends.
以上这些例子也可以用not来表示否定的意思,如果用not,则以上的句子应该照下面的方式写;
1.I did not see any student here.
2.We can not find any lake in this country.
3.I do not have any money.
4.I did not have any choice.
5.He does not have any friends.
除以上not之外,never也可以表达否定的意思,以下都是never的例子,请注意never常用在完成式的句子里:
I have never gone there.
He has never written any song.
They have never washed their clothes.
我们的问句中,当然也可已有否定的意义,比方说,我们可以问:
你不喜欢音乐吗?
他不是你的弟弟吗?
你从未见过他?
英文句子也可以如此,例如:
Don’t you like music?
Doesn’t he play piano?
Aren’t you his brother?
Isn’t he a good student?
Didn’t he go to school?
Hasn’t he lived here?
Won’t he leave tomorrow?
注意,这时not通常和动词连在一起了。
有一件事,是我们中国人必须注意的,假如有人问你:
你不喜欢音乐吗?
而你本人的确也不喜欢音乐,你会回答说:是,我不喜欢音乐。
也就是说,我们中国人的回答是顺着问句的。问句说你不喜欢,我们同意他的说法,所以前面加一个〝是〞。假设我喜欢音乐,我会回答说:
不,我喜欢音乐。
可是,英文正好相反,英文的yes和no,与问句的问法无关,而对应了回答的事实。举例来说,我们的问句也许是:
Don’t you like music?
你如不喜欢音乐就回答说: No, I don’t like music.
你如喜欢音乐,就回答说: Yes, I like music.
再举一例,有人问:
Isn’t he Chinese?
他是中国人就回答:Yes, he is.
他如不是,就回答:No, he isn’t.
反正,英文的yes和no,都和答案的事实对应,而与如何问无关。