centr 词根表“中心”
→ center [5sentE] 中心,中枢,中央
Beijing is the political, economic and cultural center of China. 北京是中国的政治、经济和文化中心。
→ focus [5fEukEs] 中心,焦点,聚焦,集中
the focus of world’s attention 世界注意的中心
focus one’s mind on work 把精力全部集中在工作上
→ nucleus [5nju:kliEs] 核子,中心,基点 atomic nucleus 原子核
→ central [sen5trB:l] 中心的,重要的
Central Intelligence Agency 中央情报局 a central figure 一位中心人物
→ concentrate [5kCnsentreit] 集中,聚集,浓缩
A driver should concentrate on the road when driving. 开车时驾驶员的注意力要集中在路上。
→ concentration [7kCnsen5treiFEn] 集中,专注,浓缩
What is the concentration of salt in sea water? 海水含盐量多少?
ex, exter, extr 词根表“向外,出外”
→ exaggerate [i^5zAdVEreit] 夸大,夸张
a person who always exaggerates 一个总是夸夸其谈的人
→ exit [5eksit, -zit] 出口,通道 emergency exit 紧急出口
→ exterior [eks5tiEriE] 外部的,对外的 the exterior of the house 屋子外面
→ external [eks5tE:nl] 外部的,外面的 for external use only 只供外用
→ extra [5ekstrE] 额外的,外加的 extra train 加车
The waiters ask for extra money. 服务人员要收小费。
→ extraordinary [iks5trC:dnri, iks5trC:dinEri] 不同的,特别的
an extraordinary achievement 非同寻常的成就
→ extreme [iks5tri:m] 极度的,尽头的,极端的
→ extremely [iks5tri:mli] 极端,非常,极其
The weather is extremely hot. 天气很热。
extremely cruel 极端残忍
--------------------第030 讲(北京大学王子涵Miranda)-------------------
cern 词根表“分开的”
concern [kEn5sE:n] 关心,挂念,关系
be concerned with 关心,挂念
They were concerned with the people’s well-being. 他们关心人民的生活。
→ concerning [kEn5sE:niN] 关于,涉及
cert 词根表“确信,确定”
certain [5sE:tEn] 确实的,肯定的
be certain of 确信,肯定
We are certain of winning the game. 我们确信能赢得比赛。
make certain 弄明白,弄清楚
Make certain that you know what time the train leaves. 你要弄清楚火车开出的具体时间。
→ certainty [5sE:tEnti] 必然,肯定
The train leaves at 7 o’clock,that is a certainty. 火车7 点离站是确定的事情。
→ certify [5sE:tifai] 证实,证明
the document certifying somebody’s birth 出生证明
→ certificate [sE5tifikit] 证书
A certificate is the document which can certifies something. 证书就是证明某事的文件。
→ certainly [5sE:tEnli] 当然
A: Can you drive the car? 你会开车吗?
B: Certainly! 当然!
→uncertain [Qn5sE:tn] 不确信
His aim is uncertain. 他的目标不明确。
→ concert [5kCnsEt] 音乐会,演奏会
注意:in concert 一致,共同
→ character [5kAriktE] 特征,品质,性格
→ characteristic [7kAriktE5ristik] 典型的,有特色的
be characteristic of 有特点的
Her pronunciation is characteristic of the people from her part of the country. 她的发音是她那个地方的人所特有的。
第06 课
--------------------第031 讲(北京大学王子涵Miranda)-------------------
charge [tFB:dV]
①控告,负责,要价
charge with 指控犯有…罪
You are charged with stealing a car. 你被指控偷了一辆汽车。
in charge 主管,在…掌管之下
Who is in charge here? 谁负责这儿?
in charge of 主管,掌管= take charge of
I am in charge of the shop. 我掌管这家商店。
The department was organized badly until I took charge of it.这个部门在我接管之前运作得很差。
②费用,充电
an entry charge to visit a museum 参观博物馆的入场费
His charge is very reasonable. 他要的价钱很公道。
charge a battery 给电池充电
→ discharge [dis5tFB:dV] 放电,卸下
the discharge of cargo 卸货
→ fee [fi:] 学费,会费,酬劳
pay the lawyer’s fees 付律师费
chase [tFeis] 追逐,追赶
My dog likes chasing cats. 我的狗喜欢追猫。
→ hunt [hQnt] 打猎,猎取
go hunting 去打猎
Wolves hunt in packs. 狼是成群猎食的。
hunt for 搜寻,寻找
They hunted high and low for the missing will. 他们到处找那遗失的遗嘱。
→ purchase [5pE:tFEs] 买,购买(pur = pro,表“向前”)
chemical [5kemikEl] 化学的,化学制品(词根chem 表“化学”)
a chemical experiment 化学试验;a chemical reaction 化学反应
→ chemist [5kemist] 化学家
He is a chemist. 他是一位化学家。
→ chemistry [5kemistri] 化学
--------------------第032 讲(北京大学刘莉Linda)--------------------
chief [tFi:f]
①首领,长官
He is chief of our board of committee. 他是我们委员会的领导。
②主要的,首席的
Which river is the chief one of China? 中国的主要河流是哪一条呢?
→ chieftain [5tFi:ftEn] 族长,酋长
His father is the chieftain of the clan. 他爸爸是氏族族长。
→ handkerchief [5hANkEtFi:f] 手巾(词根handker 表“包,裹”)
→ tissue [5tisju:] 纸巾,薄绢,薄纸
→ achieve [E5tFi:v] 完成,实现,达到
He achieved his ambition. 他实现了他的抱负。
→ achievement [E5tFi:vmEnt] 完成;成就,成绩
What is your achievement in this semester? 这学期都完成了些什么啊?
Our chief achieved great achievements. 我们的酋长取得了很大的成就。
→ mischief [5mistFif] 顽皮,淘气 Children always like mischief. 小孩子总是喜欢调皮捣蛋。
child [tFaild] 小孩子,儿童(复数形式:children 一群小孩)
→ kid [kid] 小孩,儿童,少年;开玩笑,取笑
Are you kidding? 你在开玩笑吗?
→ kidnap [5kidnAp] 绑架,诱拐(词根nap 表“绑架”)
→ childish [5tFaildiF] 孩子气的,幼稚的
→ childhood [5tFaildhud] 童年,幼年
--------------------第033 讲(北京大学刘莉Linda)--------------------
cid, cis, cuss 三个词根均表“切,取或舍”
→ scissors [5sizEz] 剪刀
→ decide [di5said] 决定,决心,解决
decide against 作出不利于…的决定;decide for 作出有利于…的决定
The judge decides for the plaintiff. 法官作出了有利于原告的判决。
decide on 决心做某事
辨decide, determine, resolve:
①decide 是经过询问、研讨和考虑之后,在几种可能的选择中作出决定;
②determine [di5tE:min] 是决心做某一件事情而不动摇;
③resolve [ri5zClv] 是决定做某一件事情而不是其它的事。
→ decision [di5siVEn] 决定,决心
→ precise [pri5sais] 精确的;precision [pri5siVEn] 精确,精密,精密度
We need a precise plan to secure 100% precision. 我们必须有精确的计划,才能够实现百分之百的精确度。
→ discuss [dis5kQs] 讨论, 谈论,论述;discussion [dis5kQFEn] 讨论
What he said has nothing to do with the matter under discussion. 他说的都跟我们所讨论的东西无关。
under discussion 在讨论中
circle [5sE:kl] 圆,圆周;环绕,盘旋(词根circ 表“圆环”)
→ loop [lu:p] 环,圈 loop line 环线 → circuit [5sE:kit] 环行,巡回;电路,线路
→ cycle [5saikl] 循环;自行车 → circular [5sE:kjulE] 圆形的,循环的
→ circulate [5sE:kjuleit] 使…循环,使…流通
--------------------第034 讲(清华大学郭斌Taylor)-------------------
excite [ik5sait] 使人兴奋,激动(词根cit 表“激励,激发”)
→ exciting [ik5saitiN] 令人兴奋的,激动的
→ excited [ik5saitid] 处于兴奋状态的,激动的
That exciting bunch of rose excited me, and I was very excited. 那束令人兴奋的玫瑰刺激了我,搞得我非常激动。
citizen [5sitizn] 市民,公民(词根cit 表“城市”, 源于单词“city”→ Beijing is a large city.北京是个大城市。)
→ Citizen Kane 《公民凯恩》
→ citizenship [5sitizEnFip] 公民权 civil [5sivl] 市民的,公民的,文明的 civil right 公民权利
→ civilian [si5viljEn] 市民
civilize [si5viljEn] 使文明,使有教养
The governor of Rome wanted to civilize all the civilians by education. 罗马的统治者想要通过教育来教化全罗马的公民。
→ civilization [9sivilai5zeiFEn; -li5z-] 文明,文化
China is one of the four old civilization countries.中国是四大文明古国之一。
--------------------第035 讲(北京大学王子涵Miranda)-------------------
claim [kleim] 声称,主张,索取(词根claim 表“叫喊”)
Every citizen may claim the protection of the law. 每一个公民均可要求法律保护。
→ exclaim [iks5kleim] 大声呼喊
He could not help exclaiming at how much his son had grown.他的儿子已长那么高了,他不禁惊叫起来。
→ proclaim [prE5kleim] 宣告,宣布,表明
proclaim a public holiday 宣布公共假日
→ reclaim [ri5kleim]
①收回
reclaim tax 收税;reclaim lost property 取回失去的财物
Reclaim glass from old bottles. 回收旧玻璃瓶子。
②开垦土地
Reclaim an area from the sea. 填海造田。
clar, clear, clean 三个词根均表“明亮的,清楚的”
→ clarify [5klArifai] 澄清,阐明
→ declare [di5klZE] 声明,宣称
The government declared that the war was end. 政府宣布战争结束。
He declared that he was innocent. 他声明他是清白的。
→ clear [kliE]
①清楚的,清晰的
a clear sky 晴朗的天空
the clear water of a mountain lake 山上清澈的湖水
I am clear about the problem. 我对这个问题很清楚。
②清除,扫除
clear away 把…清除掉 How can we clear away these doubts? 我们怎样才能消除这些疑团呢?
clear up 消除 a piece of cloth 一块布
I had my doubts, but now they are cleared up. 我原来有疑问,但现在澄清了。
→ clearly [5kliEli] 明显地,清晰地,无疑地
It is too dark to see clearly. 天太黑,看不清楚。
→ clean [kli:n]
①打扫,使…干净
clean the room 打扫房间
The cat sat cleaning itself. 猫坐着清洁自己的身体。
②清洁的,干净的,纯洁的
clean air 清洁的空气;clean food 干净的食物;
clean life 清清白白的生活
--------------------第036 讲(北京大学刘莉
Linda)--------------------
class [klB:s] 阶级,等级;种类;班级;一节课(词根class 表“组,等级”)
first-class athlete 一流的运动员
We were in the same class at school. 我们上学的时候在同一个班级。
→ classroom [5klB:srum] 教室
→ classmate [5klB:smeit] 同学
→ classic [5klAsik] 最优秀的;传统的,典型的;经典名著 This novel may well become a classic. 这本小说有可能成为经典名著。
→ classical [5klAsikEl] 经典的,古典的
→ classify [5klAsifai] 分类,分等
The books in the library are classified by subject.图 书馆里的书是按内容分类的。
→ classification [7klAsifi5keiFEn] 分类, 分级,分类法
decline [di5klain](词根clin 表“倾斜”) ①下降,下垂;衰落,衰败
the decline of Roman Empire 古罗马帝国的衰落
②拒绝
I invited her to join us, but she declined. 我邀请她 加入我们,但是她拒绝了。
→ incline [in5klain] 朝着…方向倾斜
The land inclines towards the shore. 地面朝着海岸 方向倾斜。 Lean on me when you have trouble. 当你有困难的时候就依靠我吧。
→ slope [slEup] 倾斜,斜面
the slope of a roof 斜面屋顶
第07 课
-------------------- 第037 讲(清华大学郭斌Taylor)--------------------
cloth [klC(:)W] 布,衣料,织物
→ clothes [klEuTz] 服装,被褥
近clothing [5klEuTiN] 服装,被褥
→ shirt [FE:t] 男衬衫
→ blouse [blauz] 女衬衫
→ lean [li:n] 倾斜,依靠
→ skirt [skE:t] 裙子
→ trousers [5trauzEz] 长裤
a pair of trousers 一条裤子
→ sock [sCk] 袜子
→ soccer [5sCkE] 足球
conclude [kEn5klu:d] 结束,终止,推论(前缀con 表“完全”,词根clud 表“关闭”)
→ conclusion [kEn5klu:VEn] 结论,推论draw a conclusion 得到一个结论→ exclude [iks5klu:d] 排除在外,排斥(前缀ex 表“向外”)
→ exclusive [iks5klu:siv] 排外的,独占的反include [in5 klu:d] 包含(前缀in 表“ 在里面,进入其中”)
→ involve [in5vClv] 包括,涉及到
辨
①include 只是强调被包含进去作为整体的一部分,但不一定和主体有什么联系;
②involve 表示涉及到的东西是因为和主体有某种联系而被包括进去的。
close [klEuz]
①关闭
close down 倒闭
②接近的,亲密的
Linda, Miranda and Taylor are close friends.
Linda, Miranda 和Taylor 是亲密的好朋友。
→ closely [5klEuzli] 亲密地,很接近地
I live closely to school. 我住的离学校很近。
→ enclose [in5klEuz] 围住,圈住(前缀en 表“使动”)
The football field is enclosed by the wall. 这道
墙把足球场给围了起来。
→ shut [FQt] 关闭
Shut up your mouth! 你闭嘴!
--------------------第038 讲(北京大学王子涵Miranda)-------------------
cafe [5kAfei; (?@) kA5fei] 咖啡店,小餐厅(词根caf 表示“咖啡”的意思)
→ coffee [5kCfi] 咖啡
instant coffee 速溶咖啡;the coffee bean 咖啡
豆;the coffee tree 咖啡树;
make the coffee 煮咖啡;a cup of coffee with
milk 加牛奶的咖啡
recognize [5rekE^naiz] 认识,认出,承认
(前缀re 表示“又一次,再”的意思,词根cogn 表示“知道”的意思)
I recognized her by her charming lips. 我是通过她那迷人的嘴唇才认出她的。
→ recognition [7rekE^5niFEn] 承认,公认,赏识
He wants to win the recognition in the field of medicine. 他想在医学领域中得到承认。
colony [5kClEni] 殖民地(词根colon 表示“殖民地” 的意思)
→ colonist [5kClEnist] 殖民者,殖民地居民
come [kQm] 来,来到,出现(词根com 表示“走近、临近”的意思)
come about 发生,产生
How did this accident come about? 这个事故是怎么发生的?
come around 顺便来访
Do come around and see us sometime. 务必抽空来坐坐。
come through 经历…仍然还活着、安然度过
We managed to come through the flood. 我们设法从滔滔江水中穿越。
come up to 达到…的标准
Their work did not come up to the expectations.
他们的工作没有达到预期的水平。
→ income [5inkEm] 收入,收益,进款
This is the family with two incomes. 这个家庭
有两份收入。
→ outcome [5autkQm] 结果
What was the outcome of your meeting? 你们会晤的结果是什么?
→ become [bi5kQm] 成为,变成
She became a doctor. 她成为了一名医生。
→ overcome [7EuvE5kQm] 克服,战胜
overcome a bad habit 克服坏习惯;We shall
overcome! 我们必定会胜利!
--------------------第039 讲(北京大学刘莉
Linda)--------------------
contra, count, counter 三个词根均表示“相反,
对立”的意思
→ contrary [5kCntrEri] 相反的,反面
①on the contrary 正相反
On the contrary, I like raining days. 正相反,
我喜欢下雨的日子。
②to the contrary 相反的
I will come on Monday unless you write to
the contrary. 我将于星期一来,除非你写信叫我别来。
→ contrast [5kCntrAst] 对比,对照;与…对比,对照
in contrast with = in contrast to 与…形成对比
His white hair was in sharp contrast to his dark skin. 他的白发与黑皮肤形成鲜明的对比。
→ country [5kQntri] 国家
→ county [5kaunti] (英式)郡,(美式)县
→ counter [5kauntE] 相反的、对立的;反对、还击
→ encounter [in5kauntE] 遭遇,相遇;遭遇战
The process is not the road itself, but rather the attitudes and feelings people have, as they encounter new experience and unexpected obstacles. 成长的过程不在于道路本身,而在于当遭遇新情况和出乎意料的坎坷时,人们持有的态度和表现出的情感。
--------------------第040 讲(北京大学刘莉
Linda)--------------------
cord, cour 两个词根均表示“心、核心”的意思
→ core [kC:] 核心,果核
→ cord [kC:d] 细绳,粗线
→ accord [E5kC:d] 使…保持一致(前缀ac 表示“向着,朝着”的意思)
They live in prefect accord with each other. 他们彼此和好相处。
→ accordance [E5kC:dEns] 一致,和谐
You should play in accordance with the new
rules. 你应该按照新规则比赛。
→ according [E5kC:diN] 相符的,一致的
You will be praised or criticized according to
your performance. 根据工作表现,你将得到相应的表彰或批评。
according to + 名词
根据,与…一致
according as + 从句
→ accordingly [E5kC:diNli] 因此,所以
It rained this afternoon, accordingly, the football match was postponed. 今天下午下雨了,所以球赛推迟了。
→ record [5rekC:d] 记录,录音;记录, 履历,唱片,案卷
record music from radio 从广播中录音乐
→ recorder [ri5kC:dE] 记录者,录音机
→ courage [5kQridV] 勇气,胆量
encourage [in5kQridV] 鼓励
discourage [dis5kQridV] 使泄气,使失去信心
Don’t discourage me, just encourage me, I need courage very much. 请别让我泄气,鼓励我,我非常需要勇气。
--------------------第041 讲(清华大学郭斌
Taylor)--------------------
count [kaunt] 数,计数
count in 把…计算在内;count up 把…加起来,总计
count the sheep 数绵羊
The sheep our director counted count up to 500
thousand. 导演数的绵羊总数达到了50 万只。
→ counter [5kauntE] 工作台,柜台,计算器
→ account [E5kaunt] 帐目;说明,解释(前缀ac 表示“加强”的意思)
account for 说明原因;take into account 考虑,重视
We take the audience’s suggestion into
account. 我们节目的工作人员对于来自观众的建议都非常的重视。
One corporation must keep an detail account
of its expense.一个社团的开销必须记录清楚帐目。
→ corpor 词根表“个体”的意思
→ corporation [7kC:pE5reiFEn] 社团,企业,公司
→ corporate [5kC:pErit] 社团的,法人的
court [kC:t] 法院
→ courtroom [5kC:tru:m] 审判室
The courtroom is a serious place. 审判室是个令人害怕的地方。
cover [5kQvE] 覆盖,封面;盖子近lid [lid] 盖子
I like such beautiful and elegant portrait on the cover very much. 我非常喜欢这样醒目而精美的封面肖像。
cover up 掩盖;cover over 淹没
→ discover [dis5kQvE] 探索,发现(前缀dis 表“使 去掉”)
discovery [dis5kQvEri] 探索
discovery channel 探索频道
Help you to discover the secret of nature. 帮助你去探索自然的奥秘。
→ recover [ri5kQvE] 恢复、重新获得;recovery [ri5kQvEri] 恢复,收回
Tom has recovered from a disease. Tom 从那种生病的状态恢复过来了。
→ uncover [Qn5kQvE] 揭开,揭露
--------------------第042 讲(北京大学王子涵Miranda)-------------------
craft [krB:ft] 工艺,手艺;船舶,飞机,飞船
the potter’s craft 陶瓷业
→ aircraft [5ZEkrB:ft] 飞行器
→ spacecraft [5speiskrB:ft] 宇宙飞船
create [kri5eit] 创造,创作
辨create 所指的“创造”是有目的地把原材料制成新产品,也指创造出原来并不存在或者与众不同的事物。
God created the world. 上帝创造了世界。
→ creative [kri(:)5eitiv] 有创造力的,创造性的
They are creative. 他们具有创造力。
→ creature [5kri:tFE] 生物,动物
God created creature. 上帝创造了万物。