→ friendship [5frendFip] 友谊
frig 词根表“冷，寒冷”
→ frigid [5fridVid] 寒冷的，冷淡的
→ fridge [fridV] 冰箱（refrigerator 的缩写）
→ icebox [5aisbRks] 冰箱
→ refrigerator [ri5fridVEreitE] 冰箱，冷藏库
fright [frait] 惊恐，吃惊
近 dread [dred] 畏惧，恐怖
fear [fiE] 害怕
I fear that I can’t come on time. 我恐怕不能准时到达了。
→ frightful [5fraitful] 可怕的，讨厌的
Fly is frightful to everyone. 苍蝇是人人都讨厌的。
近 fearful [5fiEful] 可怕的
→ frighten [5fraitn] 吓唬人，让人感到害怕
Frighten you to scream! 吓得你尖叫起来！
第15 课
--------------------第085 讲（北京大学刘莉Linda）-------------------
front [frQnt] 前面，正面；面对，朝向
in front of 在…之前
a house with a small garden in front of it 前面带有一个小花园的房子
→ confront [kEn5frQnt] 使面临，使面对
confront sb. with sth. 使某人面对某事
Confront the prisoner with his accusers. 使犯人跟他的指控者对质。
→ frontier [5frQntiE] 前线，边境；（学科研究中的）新领域
Advance the frontier of science. 开拓科学研究的新领域。
furn 词根表“装备”
→ furniture [5fE:nitFE] 装备，设备，家具
What kind of furniture did you buy for your new house? 你给你的新房子买了什么样的家具？
→ furnish [5fE:niF] 装备，提供
furnish with 用…来装备
What did you buy to furnish your new house? 你买什么家具装饰房子？
→ furnace [5fE:nis] 火炉，熔炉
fus 词根表“流动”
→ confuse [kEn5fju:z] 迷惑，混淆（前缀con 表“在一起”，e 动词后缀）
→ puzzle [5pQzl] 迷惑
→ confusion [kEn5fju:VEn] 混乱，混淆
→ refuse ①[ri5fju:s] (n.) 废料，垃圾；②[ri5fju:z] (v.) 拒绝，谢绝
refuse an invitation 拒绝邀请
→ refusal [ri5fju:zl] 拒绝（此外，还表“对某物有优先取舍权”）
have refusal of a house 有对这所房子的优先取舍权
--------------------第086 讲（北京大学王子涵Miranda）-------------------
gather, gether 词根均表“聚集，收集”
→ gather [5^ATE] 聚集，收集；推断
A crowd soon gathered. 很快聚集起一群人 。
What did you gather from his statement? 你推想他的声明是什么意思？
→ gathering [5^ATEriN] 聚会，集会；聚集
a musical evening with all the audiences gathering round the piano 一场听众围在钢琴边听音乐的晚会
a small family gathering 一个家庭小聚会
a gathering of friends 朋友的聚会
→ together [tE5^eTE] 一起，共同（to 表“到…地方”）
Let us go for a walk together. 让我们一起去散步吧。
Let us learn the words together. 让我们一起学单词吧。
bring together 使…团结起来
The loss of their son brought the parents together. 夫妻双方因失去儿子而言归于好。
→ altogether [7C:ltE5^eTE] 完全，全部地
I don’t altogether agree with you. 我不完全同意你的观点。
I am not altogether happy with the decision. 我对这决定不十分满意
gage 词根表“誓言，誓约”
→ engage [in5^eidV] 使…从事于， 聘用；订婚（en表“使…”）
engage in 从事于，参加
My sister is engaged in writing a novel. 我姐姐正忙着写小说。
→ engaged [in5^eidVd] 使用中的，忙碌的
I can not come to dinner on Tuesday. I am otherwise engaged. 我星期二不能来参加宴会，我有别的事情。
They are engaged to each other. 他们订婚了。
→ engagement [in5^eidVmEnt] 誓约
Their engagement was announced in the local paper.
他们的订婚消息刊登在了地方报纸上。
gas [^As] 气体，汽油，煤气
Air is a mixture of gases. 空气是一种混合气体。
Turn the gas on and we will have a cup of tea. 点上煤气，咱们沏杯茶吧。
→ gasoline [5^AsEli:n] 汽油
--------------------第087 讲（清华大学郭斌Taylor）-------------------
gen, gener, gine 词根均表“天生，产生”
→ genius [5dVi:njEs] 天才，天赋，天资
近gift [gift] 天赋，才能；礼物
talent [5tAlEnt] 天才，才干
→ gentle [5dVentl] 文雅的，有礼貌的
→ gentleman [5dVentlmEn] 绅士
Ladies and gentlemen, welcome! 女士们先生们，欢迎你们！
→ genuine [5dVenjuin] 真的，真实的
a genuine diamond 一颗真钻石；a genuine person 一个真诚的人
近sincere [sin5siE] 真诚的，真实的
→ hydrogen [5haidrEdVEn] 氢
→ oxygen [5CksidVEn] 氧
→ nitrogen [5naitrEdVEn] 氮
→ general [5dVenErEl] 一般的，普通的，综
的合
（gener = gen） In general 一般的说
→ generally [5dVenErEli] 通常地，一般地
generally speaking 一般说来
→ generate [5dVenEreit] 发生，引起，产生
generate electricity 发电
→ generator [5dVenEreitE] 发电机
→ generation [dVenE5reiFEn] 一代
generation gap 代沟
→ generous [5dVenErEs] 宽宏大量，慷慨大方
→ engine [5endVin] 发动机，引擎
→ engineer [7endVi5niE] 工程师
→ engineering [7endVi5niEriN] 工程学
--------------------第088 讲（北京大学刘莉Linda）-------------------
geo 词根表“地”
→ geography [dVi5C^rEfi, 5dViC^-] 地理，地理学
（ graph 表“写，论述”，graph+y 表“学科”）
→ geometry [dVi5Cmitri] 几何学（metry 表“测量”）
How had you done with your geometry score in
middle school? 你中学的几何学得怎么样啊？
gest 词根表“运送，做”
→ digest [di5dVest; dai5dVest] 消化，领会；摘要，文摘（前缀di 表“分开的”）
Now that we finished with our geography and
geometry class, we need to digest what
we’ve learned. 现在地理课和几何课都下了，我们需要消化一下学习到的知识。
→ gesture [5dVestFE] 姿势，手势；
Our gestures are our body language. 我们的姿势就是一种身体语言。
→ suggest [sE5dVest] 建议，暗示（前缀sug 表“下面的”）
I suggest you do sports everyday. 我建议你每天做运动。
→ suggestion [sE5dVestFEn] 建议
I want suggestions about what to do today. 今天做什么，我还需要各位的建议。
→ register [5redVistE] 注册，登记（gist = gest）
get [^et] 获得，变成，到达
get across 解释清楚
I get across the meaning of every word. 我解释清楚了每一个单词的意思。
get away 离开
I must get away from Beijing by noon. 我必须在中午以前离开北京。
get down to business 着手做正经事
get in 收获
We are getting in the crops. 我们正在收获庄稼。
get on with sth. …是否顺利
How do you get on with everything? 你们的事情做的都顺利吧？
→ forget [fE5^et] 忘记（for 表“离开”）
forget about 忘记…
→ budget [5bQdVit] 预算
--------------------第089 讲（北京大学王子涵Miranda）-------------------
give [^iv] 给，赠送；让步
This afternoon, she gave an apple to each of us. 今天下午，阿姨她给我们一人一个苹果。
give back 归还
Living here has given me back my health. 在这里的生活已使我恢复了健康。
give in 投降
Don’t give in to difficulties. 不要向困难屈服。
give off 散发出（气味）
Boiling water gives off steam. 沸水冒出蒸汽。
give up 放弃，认输
Don’t give up to easily. 不要轻易认输。
→ forgive [fE5^iv] 原谅，宽恕
Can you forgive me? 能原谅我吗？
gl 词根表“光线，光”
→ glance [^lB:ns] 扫视，匆匆一瞥
glance at 粗略地看一下
She glanced shyly at him and then lowered her
eyes. 她羞涩地看了他一眼，然后就垂下眼帘。
They fell in love at first glance. 他们一见钟情.
→ glimpse [^limps] 一瞥，瞥见
a quick glimpse at the newspaper headlines 匆匆地看了一眼报纸的大标题
→ glitter [5^litE] 闪闪发光，闪烁
a necklace glittering with diamonds 一条闪闪发光的钻石项链
--------------------第090 讲（北京大学刘莉Linda）-------------------
go [^Eu] 走，离开
go against 反对
His behavior goes against my principles. 他的行为违背了我的原则。
go along with 事情进展的情况
How do you go along with your business? 你们的工作做得怎么样啊？
go off 枪支走火
The gun goes off by accident. 枪支偶然走火。
go out （火）熄灭
Be sure not to let the fire go out. 确保火不要熄灭。
go over 复习，检查
We need to go over what we’ve learned before the exam. 考试之前我们需要复习所学过的知识。
→ undergo [7QndE5^Eu] 经历，忍受
His hometown has undergone many changes. 他的家乡经历了很多变化。
→ govern [5^QvEn] 统治，治理
Representatives of people govern the country. 人民的代表治理国家。
→ governor [5^QvEnE] 地方长官，统治者
The governor of New York State 纽约州的州长
→ government [5^QvEnmEnt] 政府，管理
The governor of New York State governs his state through the government. 纽约州的州长通过他的政府管理纽约州。
grace [^reis] 优美文雅的
→ graceful [5^reisful] 优雅的，得体的
Graceful girls are popular everywhere. 优雅的女孩子几乎处处受欢迎。
grad 词根表“级别，步骤”
→ grade [^reid] 等级，级别；评分，评级
→ gradual [5^rAdVuEl] 逐渐的，渐进的
→ gradually [5^rAdVuEli] 渐渐地，逐渐地
You understand everything gradually. 你渐渐明白了所有的东西。
→ graduate ①[5^rAdVuit, -dVueit] 研究生，毕业生；②[5^rAdVueit] 大学毕业
→ undergraduate [7QndE5^rAdjuit] 尚未取得学位的大学生或大学肄业生
→ degree [di5^ri:] 学位（gree = grad）
→ graduation [7^rAdju5eiFEn] 毕业
第16 课--------------------第091 讲（北京大学王子涵Miranda）-------------------
gram 词根表“写，图形”
→ gram [^rAm] 克
→ grammar [5^rAmE] 语法
the rules of English grammar 英语语法规则
a good understanding of grammar 精通语法
→ program [5prEu^rAm]
①(n.) （ 事前写好的东西）计划；程序；节目单（前缀pro 表“在…之前”）
What is the program for tomorrow? 你明天有什么计划？
write a program 编写程序
②(v.) 编写程序
The computer has programmed. 计算机已经输入了程序。
→ telegram [5teli^rAm] 电报（前缀tele 表“远”）
send a telegram 发电报
receive a telegram 收电报
→ diagram [5daiE^rAm] 图解，图表（前缀dia 表“通过”）
a diagram of rail network 铁路网的示意图
graph 词根表“写，图形”表“向着，朝着”）
→ graph [^rB:f] 图解，图表
近chart [tFB:t] 图表，海报
a weather chart 天气图
a sales chart 销售图
→ photograph [5fEutE^rB:f] 照片，相片（词汇photo [5fEutEu] 表“光，影”）
可简写为photo
take a photograph of sb. 给某人拍照= take a
photo
→ telegraph [5teli^rB:f] 电报机；发电报
--------------------第092 讲（清华大学郭斌
Taylor）-------------------
grat, gree 词根均表“高兴，喜欢”
→ grateful [5^reitful] 感激的，令人愉快的The parents are grateful to me for my help. 对于我的热心帮助，家长非常感激。
→ gratitude [5^rAtitju:d] 感谢，感恩
Feel deeply grateful. 感恩戴德。
→ congratulation [kEn7^rAtju5leiFEn] 祝贺，庆贺
Congratulations! 祝贺你！
→ congratulate [kEn5^rAtjuleit] 祝贺
→ agree [E5^ri:] 同意，赞同（a 表“朝某个方向，趋向”）
agree with sb. on sth. 关于…同某人达成一致
→ agreement [E5^ri:mEnt] 同意，一致；协议，契约
→ disagree [7disE5^ri:] 不同意
disagree with sb. 跟某人意见不一致
grav 词根表“重”
→ gravity [5^rAviti] 重力，引力
→ grave [^reiv] 沉重的，低沉的
--------------------第093 讲（北京大学刘莉
Linda）-------------------
great [^reit] 伟大的，巨大的，重大的，美妙的
a great expanse of forest 一大片森林
I take great care to handle it properly. 我非常小心地处理。
→ greatly [5^reitli] 大大地，非常地
grand [^rAnd] 宏伟的，盛大的
→ grandfather [5^rAnd7fB:TE] 祖父，外祖父
My grandfather is already 75 years old. 我的祖父已经75 岁了。
→ grandmother [5^rAnd7mQTE] 祖母，外祖母
→ grandson [5^rAndsQn] 孙子，外孙
→ granddaughter [5^rAndC:tE(r)] 孙女，外孙女
→ grandparents [5^rAndpZErEnts] 祖父母
gress 词根表“走，步子”
→ progress [5prEu^res] 前进，进步
→ progressive [prE5^resiv] 进步的，先进的
→ aggressive [E5^resiv] 侵略的， 好斗的（前缀ag 表“向着，朝着”）
He is an aggressive man. 他是好斗的人
→ congress [5kCN^res] 国会
The congress does not support the aggressive act. 国会没有通过这个侵略性的议案。
--------------------第094 讲（北京大学王子涵
Miranda）-------------------
ground [^raund] 地面，场所
Sit on the ground. 坐在地上。
He slipped off the ladder and fell to the ground. 他从梯子滑了下来摔在了地上。
on the ground of 以…为理由，为根据
on the ground of illness 以健康不佳为理由
→ playground [5pleigraund] 操场，运动场
They are playing basketball on the playground. 他们在操场上打篮球。
→ underground [5QndE^raund] 地下的，秘密的
He went underground to avoid the police. 为了逃避追捕，他躲到了地洞里。
grow [^rEu] 生长，变得，增长
How tall you have grown! 你都长这么高了！
Growing Pains 《成长的烦恼》
grow on 加深了对…的影响
The smoking habit grew on him. 他渐渐有了烟瘾。
grow out of 产生自…
My interest in the art grew out of the time I spend in India. 我对绘画的兴趣产生于我在印度度过的时光。
grow up 成熟
I have grown up! 我已经长大了！
→ growth [grEuW] 增长，生长
the rapid growth of plants 快速生长的植物
the rapid growth of economy 经济的快速增长
guard, gard 词根均表“注视，守护”
→ guard [^B:d] 守卫，看守
A dragon guarded the treasure. 一条龙守护着财宝。
soldiers guarding the president 总统的卫兵
a guard dog 警卫犬；border guard 边防战士
on guard 站岗
The border guards are on guard. 边防战士在站岗。
on one’s guard 警惕，警戒
The border guards are on their guard against the enemies 边防战士提防着敌人。
→ regard [ri5^B:d] 尊重，重视，把…看作
in regard to 关于
I have nothing to say in regard to your complaints. 对于你的抱怨，我无可奉告。
as regards 关于，至于
You needn’t worry as regards the cost of the
operation. 至于手术费，你不用担心。
→ regarding [ri5^B:diN] 关于
She said nothing regarding your request. 她对你的要求只字不提。
→ regardless [ri5^B:dlis] 不管，不顾，不注意
regardless of 不顾，不注意…
Regardless of danger, he climbed the tower. 他不顾危险朝塔顶爬去。
--------------------第095 讲（清华大学郭斌
Taylor）-------------------
guid 词根表“带领，领导”
→ guide [^aid] 领导，指导；导游，向导
Minrada guides the members in the student union. Minrada 领导学生会的成员。
→ guidebook [5^aidbuk] 导游手册
→ guidance [5^aidEns] 引导，指导，领导
wise guidance 英明的领导
The success is due to the wise guidance of Minrada. 成功全靠Minrada 带领的好。
→ guideline [5^aidlain] 方针，准则
habit [5hAbit] 习惯，习性
be in the habit of 有…习惯
→ habitual [hE5bitjuEl] 习惯的，惯常的
→ inhabit [in5hAbit] 居住于，栖息于
→ inhabitant [in5hAbitEnt] 居民，住户
→ guilt [^ilt] 罪行，罪过；内疚
→ guilty [5^ilti] 有罪的；内疚的
He is guilty. 他是有罪的。
Guilty or not? 犯人是有罪还是无罪？
--------------------第096 讲（北京大学刘莉
Linda）-------------------
hair [hZE] 头发
long hair 长头发；short hair 短头发
do one’s hair 做头发
We often do our hair before going to the party. 我们参加聚会前通常要做一下头发。
lose one’s hair 掉头发，使…生气，发脾气
keep your hair on 控制脾气，别生气
→ haircut [5hZEkQt] 理发
I had my haircut today. 我今天剪了头发。
hand [hAnd] 手，把手；递交
at hand 附近，靠近，在手边
The examination is at hand. 考试临近。
by hand 手工的
hand in hand 手牵手
We are hand in hand. 我们手牵手。
hand over 移交
the hand over of Hong Kong 香港回归
take a hand in 参加，帮助
I take a hand in that reporting process. 我参与了那次报导活动。
→ handy [5hAndi] 手边的，便于使用的
→ handle [5hAndl] 把手，操作
I can’t handle this machine skillfully. 我还不能熟练地操作这台机器。
→ handful [5hAndful] 少数，一把
a handful of flowers 一把鲜花
→ handsome [5hAnsEm] 熟练的；漂亮的，英俊的
I newly bought a handsome camera. 我新买了一台漂亮的照相机。
→ handbag [5hAndbA^] 手提包
→ handkerchief [5hANkEtFif] 手帕
→ handwriting [5hAnd7raitiN] 笔迹，书法
第17 课
--------------------第097 讲（北京大学王子涵
Miranda）-------------------
hap词根表“偶发的，机会”
→ happy [5hApi] 快乐的，幸福的
Happy New Year! 新年快乐！
happy end 大团圆结局
近glad [^lAd] 高兴的
I am glad to meet you again. 很高兴又见到大家。
→ happiness [5hApinis] 幸福，幸运
→ unhappy [Qn5hApi] 不快乐的，不幸福的
the unhappy girl 不快乐的小女孩
I am unhappy. 我不高兴。
→ happen [5hApEn] 发生，碰巧
How did the accident happen? 事故是怎么发生的？
happen on 巧遇，偶然发现
I happened on just the thing I’d been looking for. 我偶然发现我一直在寻找的东西。
happen to 碰巧
I happened to be out when he called.
他来访时碰巧我出去了。
→ perhaps [pE5hAps] 可能，也许
Perhaps the weather will change this evening.
今天晚上可能要变天。
Perhaps it will, perhaps it won't. 也许会，也许不会。
hard [hB:d] 硬的，困难的，努力的
a hard task 艰巨的任务
try hard to succeed 争取成功
be hard on sb. 过于严厉的对待某人
Don’t be too hard on him; he didn't mean to do it. 别对他太严厉了，他不是有意那样做的。
be hard up 短缺，急需中
The company is hard up for new ideas. 那家公司急需新思想。
be hard up for money 手头很紧
We were very hard up for money when I lost my job. 在我失业时，我们手头很紧。
→ harden [5hB:dn] 使…变硬
For her own good, you must harden your heart. 替她着想，你不能心软。
→ hardly [5hB:dli] 几乎不，简直不
I hardly know her. 我不怎么认识她。
hardly any 几乎没有
There is hardly any coal left. 几乎没有煤了。
hardly … when … 刚…就…
Hardly had we got into the country when it began to rain. 我们刚到乡间就下雨了。
Hardly had I left home when the telephone rang. 我一出家门，电话铃就响了。
→ hardship [5hB:d7Fip] 艰难，困苦
During the war we suffered many hardships. 战争时期，我们吃了不少苦头。
→ hardware [5hB:dwZE] 五金器具，硬件
