1. Julian Borger, ‘Putin Offers Ukraine Olive Branches Delivered by Russian Tanks’, Guardian, 4 March 2014, https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/mar/04/putin-ukraine-olive-branches-russian-tanks, accessed 11 March 2018.
2. Serhii Plokhy, Lost Kingdom: The Quest for Empire and the Making of the Russian Nation (New York: Basic Books, 2017); Snyder, The Road to Unfreedom, op.cit.
3. Matthew Paris, Matthew Paris’ English History, trans.J.A.Gyles, vol.3 (London: Henry G.Bohn, 1854), 138–41; Patricia Healy Wasyliw, Martyrdom, Murder and Magic: Child Saints and Their Cults in Medieval Europe (New York: Peter Lang, 2008), 123–5.
4. Cecilia Kang and Adam Goldman, ‘In Washington Pizzeria Attack, Fake News Brought Real Guns’, New York Times, 5 December 2016, https://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/05/business/media/comet-ping-pong-pizza-shooting-fake-news-consequences.html, accessed 12 January 2018.
5. Leonard B.Glick, Abraham’s Heirs: Jews and Christians in Medieval Europe (Syracuse: Syracuse University Press, 1999), 228–9.
6. Anthony Bale, ‘Afterword: Violence, Memory and the Traumatic Middle Ages’ in Sarah Rees Jones and Sethina Watson (eds.), Christians and Jews in Angevin England: The York Massacre of 1190, Narrative and Contexts (York: York Medieval Press, 2013), 297.
7. 虽然常常有人说这句名言出自戈培尔，但不论是我本人还是我认真努力的研究助理，都找不到他说过或写过这句话的证据，倒也真是符合这句话的情形了。
8. Hilmar Hoffman, The Triumph of Propaganda: Film and National Socialism,1933–1945 (Providence: Berghahn Books, 1997), 140.
9. Lee Hockstader, ‘From A Ruler’s Embrace To A Life In Disgrace’, Washington Post, 10 March 1995, accessed 29 January 2018.
10. Thomas Pakenham, The Scramble for Africa (London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1991), 616–17.
