生命是多么的脆弱,伤害生命是很容易的。
生命是多么坚强,即使这么辛苦,也不想死去。
后记 Postscript
读完这本书,旁人问你,这本书讲了什么?你想了半天,也没想出什么。
过了一段日子,和别人聊到某个有趣却令人不解的现象时,你可能会突然冒出这样一个念头:“用神经科学来想就很好理解了嘛!”
以不变应万变,以一答应万问。这大概就是神经科学的魅力所在吧。
实际上,真正的神经科学远比这里讲的严谨、复杂、枯燥,充满谜团。为了让没有接受过任何系统神经科学教育的人理解这些内容,我专门挑选了最抓眼球的题目,嚼碎了我自己能咬得动的研究,再组装成我认为又有趣味又有一定干货的内容。不停地说“我”,就是因为这只是我的一家之言。
在读神经科学本科的时候,每堂课都有长长的阅读书单,有多本教材、不同人写的论文和综述。原因很简单,正如历史不是一个人的历史,神经科学也绝不是一个人的神经科学。
可能你也发现了,本书大多数文章到最后也并没有回答其标题本身。肯定会有人大骂我是标题党。
哎呀被你发现了!(吐舌头。)这也没有办法嘛,连正儿八经的神经科学家还跑在追求答案的路上呢,边跑还边展开大战。我这还在起点做准备运动的新手,最多也就是给观众做做转播罢了。
现在与大脑相关的新闻报道越来越多,希望在阅读了这本书之后,你有一些基本的判断能力。
因为我个人的能力有限,这本书里我并没有介绍任何与大脑相关的疾病方面的知识。
因为篇幅问题,这本书只囊括了很少很少的内容,新鲜度对于神经科学非常重要,如果你觉得意犹未尽,可以关注我的知乎专栏“神经科学”107。
因为实体书无法加入音频文件的性质,我也没有怎么介绍与神经科学相关的高新技术,譬如可以通过检测眼球运动和瞳孔大小而判断一些心理活动的眼动仪,可以24小时检测大脑活动的入耳式脑电图,帮助瘫痪病人行走的赛博格技术,让人想起《黑客帝国》的脑机接口,等等。更何况这些技术日新月异,没有必要变成白纸黑字,相信它们很快就会进入你我的生活。
请拭目以待。
专业词汇检索 index
adenosine 腺苷
Affective Neuroscience 情感神经科学
amygdala 杏仁核
Anatomy 解剖学
anterior cingulate cortex(ACC)前扣带皮层/前扣带回
astrocyte 星形胶质细胞
axon 轴突
basal ganglia 基底核
binocular vision 双眼视觉
boundary vector cell 定界细胞
brainstem 脑干
Broca's area 布若卡氏区
capsaicin 辣椒素
cell 细胞
cerebellum 小脑
cerebrospinal fluid 脑脊髓液
cochlea 耳蜗
Cocktail Party effect 鸡尾酒会效应
Computational Neuroscience 计算神经科学
corpus callosum 胼胝体
Cotard delusion 科塔尔氏妄想
déjà-vu 既视感
dorsolateral prefrontal cortex 背外侧前額皮层
Electroencephalography(EEG)脑电图
floater 飞蚊症
Functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI)功能性核磁共振
gastrin-releasing peptide receptor胃泌素释放肽受体
glial cell 胶质细胞
glial scar 胶质疤痕
granule cell 颗粒细胞
grid cell 网格细胞
hair cell毛细胞
head direction cell 定向细胞
hemianopia 偏盲
hippocampus 海马体
homeostasis 稳态
hydroxy-alpha-sanshool 羟基甲位山椒醇
lateral geniculate nucleus 外侧膝状体
lateral temporal cortex 外侧颞叶皮层
limbic system 边缘系统
macroglia 大胶质细胞
Magnetoencephalography(MEG)脑磁图
masking effect 遮蔽效应
median nerve 正中神经
medulla 延髓
mental image 精神意象
menthol 薄荷醇
microglia 小胶质细胞
midbrain 中脑
middle frontal gyrus 额中回
monocular vision 单眼视觉
mossy fibre 小脑苔状纤维
myelin 髓鞘
Neural Correlates of Consciousness(NCC)意识相关神经区
neurogenesis 神经形成
neuron 神经细胞
Neurophilosophy 神经哲学
neuroregeneration 神经再生
Neuroscience 神经科学
neurotransmitter 神经传导物质
oestrogen 雌激素
orbitofrontal cortex 眼窝前额皮层/眶额皮层
orthonasal route 鼻前嗅觉
paracingulate cortex(PCC)旁扣带回皮层
Physiology 生理学
place cell 定位细胞
pons 桥脑
Positron emission tomography(PET)正电子发射计算机断层扫描
postrema 呕吐中枢
prefrontal cortex(PFC)前额皮层
primary afferent neuron 传入神经
primary cerebellar agenesis 原发性小脑发育不全
primary gustatory cortex 味觉皮层
Purkinje cell 浦肯野细胞
quadrantanopia 象限盲
Rapid eye movement sleep(REM)快速眼动睡眠期
receptor 感受器
retronasal route 鼻后嗅觉
reward system 奖励系统
satellite cell 卫星细胞
schwann cell 神经膜细胞
sciatic nerve 坐骨神经
scotoma 视觉暗点
superior colliculus上丘
system 系统
taste-receptor cell 味受体细胞
temporal lobe 颞叶
testosterone 睾酮
tibial nerve 胫神经
tissue 组织
ulnar nerve 尺神经
vasopressin 抗利尿激素
ventral prefrontal cortex 前额下腹
ventral striatum 腹侧纹状体
ventromedial prefrontal cortex 腹内侧前额皮层
visual cortex 大脑视觉皮层
visual field 视野
visual field loss 视野缺失
Visual Neuroscience 视觉神经科学
Wernicke's area 韦尼克区
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[51]原问题是:你觉得女人的鞋子色情吗?
[52]原问题是:你觉得把你的性伙伴绑起来会好玩吗?
[53]原问题是:你觉得让你的性伙伴把你绑起来会好玩吗?
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