[1] “That it please your Majesty…”Hadfield,Andrew,The Cambridge Companion to Spenser,191;“I have long since…”Glenn,Cheryl,Rhetoric Retold,162;“one mistress and no master…”Oxford Dictionary of Political Quotations,2012;“If I am to disclose to you…”Traub,Valerie,The Renaissance of Lesbianism in Early Modern England,128.
[2] Bennett and Froide,Singlewomen in the European Past,6–7.
[3] Nellie Bly interview with Susan B.Anthony,The World,February 2,1896,http://www.rarenewspapers.com/view/621269?acl=851761768&imagelist=1#full-im ages&rc=blog.
[4] Gordon,Ann D.,The Selected Papers of Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B.Anthony,316.
[5] Norton,Mary Beth,Founding Mothers and Fathers,39–40;41.
[6] Baxandall,Rosalyn and Linda Gordon,America’s Working Women,17.
[7] Kessler-Harris,Alice,Out to Work,11.
[8] Cott,Nancy,Bonds of Womanhood,27.
[9] Chambers-Schiller,Liberty:A Better Husband,11.
[10] Dubler,Ariela,“In the Shadow of Marriage:Single Women and the Legal Construction of the Family and the State,”The Yale Law Journal,May 1,2003,http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-102910521.html.
[11] Cott,Bonds of Womanhood,22.
[12] Moran,Rachel F.,“How Second Wave Feminism Forgot the Single Woman,”Hofstra Law Review,vol.33,issue 1,article 5,2004.
[13] Norton,Liberty’s Daughters,299.
[14] Chambers-Schiller,Liberty,A Better Husband,1.
[15] Goodbeer,Richard,Sexual Revolution in Early America,200.
[16] Foster,Till Death or Distance Do Us Part,37.Foster’s book also included the reference to Harriet Ann Jacobs’Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl,1861.
[17] Hanger,Kimberly S.,“The Fortunes of Women in America:Spanish New Orleans’s Free Women of African Descent and Their Relations With Slave Women,”in Discovering the Women in Slavery,153–178.
[18] Hanger,Kimberly S.,“Free Black Women in Colonial New Orleans,”in The Devil’s Lane,226.
[19] The Young Lady’s Book:A Manual of Elegant Recreations,Exercises and Pursuits.London:Vizetelly,Branston and Co,1829,28.
[20] Welter,Barbara,“The Cult of True Womanhood:1820–1860,”American Quarterly,Volume 18,Issue 2,Part 1,Summer 1966.
[21] Collins,America’s Women,92.
[22] Chambers-Schiller,Liberty,A Better Husband,41.
[23] Burnap,George Washington,The Sphere And Duties of Woman:A Course of Lectures,Baltimore:John Murphy,1848,121–122.Via Chambers-Schiller,Liberty,a Better Husband.
[24] Chambers-Schiller,Liberty,A Better Husband,54.
[25] Ibid.,10.
[26] Goldstein,Dana,“The Chicago Strike and the History of American Teachers,”Dana Goldstein,September 12,2012,http://www.danagoldstein.net/dana_gold stein/2012/09/the-chicago-strike-and-the-history-of-american-teachers-unions.html.
[27] Goldstein,“The Woman Upstairs and the Pedagogy of Love,”http://www.dana goldstein.net/dana_goldstein/2013/06/the-woman-upstairs-and-the-pedagogy-of-love.html.
[28] Betsey“A Letter About Old Maids,”The Lowell Offering,October 1840,4–5.
[29] Olson,Lynne,Freedom’s Daughters:The Unsung Heroines of the Civil Rights Movement 1830–1970,New York:Scribner,2001.Via excerpt,The New York Times,http://www.nytimes.com/books/first/o/olson-daughters.html.
[30] Israel,Bachelor Girl,33;Encyclopedia of African American History,1619–1895,Paul Finkelman,ed.332.
[31] Governor’s Address on“the emigration of young women to the West,”March 29,1865,http://archive.org/stream/reportma00mass/reportma00mass_djvu.txt.Via Collins,America’s Women.
[32] Vapnek,Lara,Breadwinners,19–20.
[33] Chambers-Schiller,Liberty.A Better History,7–8.
[34] “The Stakeholder:A quarterly publication of the Cherokee Strip Regional Heritage Center,”Winter,2008.
[35] Chambers-Schiller,Liberty,A Better Husband,2–3.
[36] “Transcript of the Morrill Act,”1862,http://www.ourdocuments.gov/doc.php?flash=true&doc=33&page=transcript;Linda Eisenmann,Historical Dictionary of Women’s Education in the United States,275.Via Chambers-Schiller,191.
[37] Peischl,Bridget Smith,“The History of Mississippi University for Women,”Mississippi History Now,March,2012,http://mshistorynow.mdah.state.ms.us/arti cles/379/the-history-of-mississippi-university-for-women.
[38] Chambers-Schiller,Liberty,A Better Husband,176.
[39] Ibid.
[40] “Myra Bradwell v.State of Illinois,”1873.
[41] Gould,Stephen Jay,Mismeasure of Man,135–137.Also via Chambers-Schiller.
[42] Gould,Stephen Jay,Mismeasure of Man,135–137.
[43] Chambers-Schiller,Liberty a Better Husband,192.
[44] Ibid.
[45] Ibid.,196.
[46] Cott,Bonds of Womanhood,7.
[47] Peiss,Kathy,Cheap Amusements,34.
[48] Goldstein,Dana,“The Chicago Strike and the History of American Teachers’Unions,”Dana Goldstein,September,12,2012,http://www.danagoldstein.net/dana_goldstein/2012/09/the-chicago-strike-and-the-history-of-american-teach ers-unions.html.
[49] Giddings,Paula,When and Where I Enter.
[50] Peiss,Cheap Amusements,57–58.
[51] Ibid.
[52] Coontz,A Strange Stirring,41.
[53] Coontz,Marriage:A History,200.
[54] “Before the Mother’s Conference,”A Compilation of the Messages and Speeches of Theodore Roosevelt,576.
[55] Lovett,Laura,Conceiving the Future,91–92.
[56] I first found reference to this in Coontz,Marriage a History,201,though some discrepancy about Sumner’s date of death led me to Bruce Curtis,“Wlliam Graham Sumner on the Family,Women and Sex”in Victorians Abed,101.
[57] Hamlin,Kimberly A.,“Bathing Suits and Backlash:The First Miss America Pageants,1921–1927,”in There She is,Miss America,28.
[58] Coontz,A Strange Stirring,45.
[59] May,Elaine Tyler,Homeward Bound,95.
[60] Ibid,101.
[61] Heidel,Don,“Coeds:Is It Too Late?Manless Juniors Said Old Maids,”The Florida Flambeau,February 22,1957.Via Gail Collins,When Everything Changed.https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=4vsyAAAAIBAJ&sjid=4hAGAAAAI BAJ&pg=2112%2C606968
[62] Collins,When Everything Changed,38.
[63] Coontz,Stephanie,“Marriage:Saying I Don’t,”Los Angeles Times,January 19,2012.http://articles.latimes.com/2012/jan/19/opinion/la-oe-coontz-marriage-20120119.
[64] Friedan,Betty,The Feminine Mystique.
[65] Episode One,Makers:Women Who Make America,PBS,February 26,2013.
[66] Davis,Kingsley,Contemporary Marriage,The Russell Sage Foundation,1985.
[67] Elliott,Diana B.,Kristy Krivickas,Matthew W.Brault,Rose M.Kreider,“Historical MArriage Trends from 1890–2010:A Focus on Race Difference,”SEHD Working Paper Number 2012-12,12–13.https://www.census.gov/hhes/socdemo/marriage/data/acs/ElliottetalPAA2012paper.pdf.
[68] Margo,Robert A.“Explaining Black-White Wage Convergence,1940–1950,”Industrial and Labor Relations Review,Vol.48,No.3,April 1995,470–481,http://www.jstor.org/stable/2524775?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents.
[69] Katznelson,Ira,When Affirmative Action Was White:An Untold History of Racial Inequality in Twentieth Century America,New York:W.W.Norton and Company,2005.Via Ta-Nehesi Coates,“A Religion of Colorblind Policy,”TheAtlantic.com,May 30,2013.http://m.theatlantic.com/national/archive/2013/05/a-religion-of-colorblind-policy/276379/.
[70] Sugrue,Tom,Sweet Land of Liberty:The Forgotten Struggle for Civil Rights in the North,Via Ta Nehesi here:http://www.theatlantic.com/national/archive/2013/02/the-effects-of-housing-segregation-on-black-wealth/272775/.
[71] Sugrue,Sweet Land of Liberty,200–201.
