x. Growth of Interest in Hypnotism
1. Paragraph B
2. Paragraph C
3. Paragraph D
4. Paragraph E
5. Paragraph F
Questions 6 - 8
In the following summary of the reading passage, fill in the blanks with one word each from the list below. Write your answers in boxes 6 - 8 on your answer sheet.
Hypnotism has traditionally been used as a form of 6 . But recently scientists have begun to study this 7 seriously. They are becoming convinced that hypnotism can be used not only to relieve physical pain but also as an adjunct to 8 .
List of Words
1. subjects 2. entertainment 3. behavior 4. information 5. phenomenon
6. psychotherapy 7. suggestion 8. memory 9. morphine
Questions 9 - 13
Do the following statements agree with the information given in the reading passage? In boxes 9 - 13 write:
YES if the statement agrees with the information given
NO if the statement does not agree with the information given
NOT GIVEN if there is no information about this
9. Scientists have found out what makes some people easier to hypnotize than others.
10. A person who does not recoil from the smell of ammonia is not deeply hypnotized.
11. Hypnotism can be a substitute for anesthesia.
12. Hypnotism can slow the action of part of the brain.
13. More doctors are learning the technique of hypnotism.
练习三
Almost everyone with or without a computer is aware of the latest technological revolution destined to change forever the way in which humans communicate, namely, the Information Superhighway, best exemplified by the ubiquitous Internet. Already, millions of people around the world are linked by computer simply by having a modem and an address on the "Net", in much the same way that owning a telephone links us to almost anyone who pays a phone bill. In fact, since the computer connections are made via the phone line, the Internet can be envisaged as a network of visual telephone links. It remains to see in which direction the Information Superhighway is headed, but many believe it is the educational hope of the future.
The World Wide Web, an enormous collection of Internet addresses or sites, all of which can be accessed for information, has been mainly responsible for the increase in interest in the Internet in the 1990s. Before the World Wide Web, the "Net" was comparable to an integrated collection of computerised typewriters, but the introduction of the "Web" in 1990 allowed not only text links to be made but also graphs, images and even video. A Web site consists of a "home page", the first screen of a particular site on the computer to which you are connected, from where access can be had to other subject related "pages" (or screens) at the site and on thousands of other computers all over the world. This is achieved by a process called "hypertext". By clicking with a mouse device on various parts of the screen, a person connected to the "Net" can go travelling, or "surfing" through a web of pages to locate whatever information is required.
Anyone can set up a site; promoting your club, your institution, your company's products or simply yourself, is what the Web and the Internet is all about. And what is more, information on the Internet is not owned or controlled by any one organisation. It is, perhaps, true to say that no-one and therefore everyone owns the "Net". Because of the relative freedom of access to information, the Internet has often been criticised by the media as a potentially hazardous tool in the hands of young computer users. This perception has proved to be largely false however, and the vast majority of users both young and old get connected with the Internet for the dual purposes for which it was intended-discovery and delight.
TRUE/FALSE/NOT GIVEN
a. Everyone is aware of the Information Superhighway. T F NG
b. Using the Internet costs the owner of a telephone extra money. T F NG
c. Internet computer connections are made by using telephone lines. T F NG
d. The World Wide Web is a network of computerised typewriters. T F NG
e. According to the author, the Information Superhighway may be T F NG
the future hope of education.
f. The process called 'hypertext' requires the use of a mouse device. T F NG
g. The Internet was created in the 1990s. T F NG
h. The "home page" is the first screen of a "Web" site on the "Net". T F NG
i. The media has often criticised the Internet because it is dangerous. T F NG
j. The latest technological revolution will change the way humans T F NG
communicate.
第十课时
练习四
The Australian political scene is dominated by two major parties that have quite different political agendas. However, the policies of the Australian Labor Party and the Liberal Party have become much more difficult to tell apart in recent years. In fact, it would be true to say that both parties consist of conservative, moderate and radical elements, and therefore the general public is often perplexed about which party to vote for. Nonetheless, it is usual to find that an Australian will lean towards supporting one of these two parties and remain faithful to that pary for life.
The Labor Party was formed early in the twentieth century to safeguard the interests of the common working man and to give the trade unions political representation in Parliament. The Party has always had strong connections with the unions, and supports the concept of a welfare society in which people who are less fortunate than others are financially, and otherwise, assisted in their quest for a more equitable slice of the economic pie. The problem is that such socialist political agendas are extremely expensive to implement and maintain, especially in a country that, although comparatively wealthy, is vast and with a small working and hence taxpaying population base. Welfare societies tend towards bankruptcy unless government spending is kept in check.
The Liberal Party, on the other hand, argues that the best way to ensure a fair division of wealth in the country is to allow more freedom to create it. This, in turn, means more opportunities, jobs created etc., and therefore more wealth available to all. Just how the poor are to share in the distribution of this wealth (beyond being given, at least in theory, the opportunity to create it) is, however, less well understood. Practice, of course, may make nonsense of even the best theoretical intentions, and often the less politically powerful are badly catered for under governments implementing "free-for-all" policies.
It is no wonder that given the two major choices offered them, Australian voters are increasingly turning their attention to the smaller political parties, which claim to offer a more balanced swag of policies, often based around one major current issue, Thus, for instance, at the last election there was the No Aircraft Noise Party, popular in certain city areas, and the Green Party, which is almost solely concerned with environmental issues.
TRUE/FALSE/NOT/GIVEN
a. Policies in support of the concept of a welfare society are costly. T F NG
b. Australians usually vote for the party they supported early in life T F NG
c. The Labor Party was formed by the trade unions. T F NG
d. Radical groups are only found within the Labor Party. T F NG
e. The Liberal Party was formed after the Labor Party. T F NG
f. Welfare-based societies invariably become bankrupt. T F NG
g. According to the author, theories do not always work in practice. T F NG
h. Some Australian voters are confused about who to vote for. T F NG
i. The No-Aircraft-Noise Party is only popular in the city. T F NG
j. The smaller parties are only concerned about the environment. T F NG
READING PASSAGE 2
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14 - 27 which are based on Reading Passage 2.
NEW PLAN FOR AFRICAN REVIVAL
A African leaders have been working to make their Millennium Action Plan (MAP) for African recovery more attractive to investors and providers of financial support from outside the continent. The plan is the brainchild of Thabo Mbeki, president of South Africa, who wanted a way of bringing to life his vision of an "African renaissance."
B The mood of the UN millennium summit last year suggested that the world might be ready to help. Later, Tony Blair let it be known that he wanted a plan for Africa to feature in his second term as Britain's prime minister, but that he also wanted the initiative for this plan to come from Africa, and that he would then respond.
C This is what is happening. Mr Mbeki will, with the help of Mr Blair, present the plan to the G8 summit in Genoa later this year. The plan's central thesis is that Africa's development depends on its full involvement in the global economy, and that this requires a mixture of reform in Africa and assistance from other countries. The most important reforms are: establishing peace, and more democratic government; respecting human rights; investing in people by giving them better health and education; diversifying economies, and encouraging trade both within Africa and with the outside world; combating disease and boosting new technologies.
D In return for the promised reforms, the plan asks the developed world for more debt relief, the removal of trade barriers and the ending of its farm subsidies. Aid is low on the agenda, being mentioned only in the last few pages. However, some African leaders, represented by Mr. Robert Mugabe of Zimbabwe, strongly believe that it is their right to claim more aid from the developed world in compensation for past exploitation.
E But in Africa, as in other parts of the Third World, any program that does not address the question of debt repayment is doomed to failure. In many countries in Africa governments are collecting billions of dollars from their people and giving the sums to Western governments and banks in loan repayments. Little is left for health care and education even when there is an emergency such as the one of AIDS. Last year, African countries paid $15 billion in foreign debt. But the debt keeps on growing. It is now estimated to stand between $315 billion and $375 billion.
F According to the World Bank report titled "African Development Indicators", the African people face problems in all aspects of life. One is poverty. About 300 million people, almost nearly half of the continent's population survives on less than 65 cents a day. The average GNP is US $492, but in 24 countries it is less than $350. Ethiopia's GNP is below $100; the Democratic Republic of Congo, less than $110; Burundi, less than $120; and Sierra Leone, less than $130. Most of the poor people are constantly moving to urban areas and swelling the population in town and city slums. Another is health care. This is one of the areas where the IMF and World Bank policies have had a huge impact. Governments have been forced to slash health care funding, and the result is shown by the increased infant mortality rates. Countries that had made some progress in reducing infant mortality rates in the 1960s and 1970s are now faced with increased mortality rates. Mortality rate in Africa is 10% but on average about 151 of every 1,000 children die before the age of 5. Very small improvement has been made on this. Developing countries have mortality rates ranging from 6 to 8. On top of this, the AIDS epidemic is having a disastrous effect on life expectancy. The third problem is poor education. Illiteracy levels remain at 41%, on average. For women the number is at 49%. In some countries, the progress made in the 1960s and 1970s is being reversed, because the high cost of education is cutting the school enrolment levels and as well as increasing dropout rates.
G Zambia, host to the upcoming Organisation of African Unity (OAU) summit, has called for "concerted action" to deal with these problems. "The challenges that our founding fathers sought to address 38 years ago remain alive and relevant in today's world," Zambian Vice-President Enoch Kavindele told the OAU's council of ministers. Part of this "concerted action" is a move to integrate the OAU into a more comprehensive body to be called the African Union (AU). The AU, modeled loosely on the European Union, is the idea of Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi. It will consist of an executive, a central bank, a monetary fund, a parliament and a court of justice. In another move, Mbeki is pushing for the merger of the MAP with the Omega Plan. The latter, spearheaded by Senegalese President Abdoulaye Wade, has set goals and defined financial means to narrow infrastructural gaps. The merger plan will be presented to the upcoming OAU summit.
Questions 14 - 19
Reading Passage 2 has 7 paragraphs (A - G). State which paragraph discusses each of the points below. Write the appropriate letter (A - G) in boxes 14 - 19 on your answer sheet.
Example Answer
The debilitating effect of debt of Africa. E
14. The problems ordinary Africans face
15. Efforts to find a unified voice for Africa
16. Demand for aid from rich countries
17. Proposed reforms to be undertaken by African countries
18. The new plan to attract more funding for Africa
19. A favorable international response
Questions 20 - 23
Which of the ideas below are associated with the following people? In boxes 20 - 23 write
M if the idea is associated with Robert Mugabe
T if the idea is associated with Thabo Mbeki
G if the idea is associated with Muammar Gaddafi
20. A proposal to attract more investment in Africa
21. The developed world owes compensation to Africa
22. Africa should copy the European Union.
23. "African renaissance"
Questions 24 - 27
Using NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS answer the following questions. Write your answers in boxes 24 - 27 on your answer sheet.
23. What did Blair want Africans to do?
24. What is the biggest problem faced by people trying to help Africa?
25. Why has the life expectancy dropped drastically in Africa?
27. What strategy have African leaders adopted to solve their problems?
总结 NG题的八大考点
一 原文及题目只提到单件事物或状态的only题，答案是NG
二 题目就事物的本质进行是非对错判断，而原文是第三者评述或感知答案是NG
三 原文提到AB两事物，而题目涉及两者的比较关系，原文没有在同一段落内表述，答案NG
四 AB两事物在题目中是比较关系，而原文只提到其中任何一部分，答案NG
