Thank you!
尊敬的理查德·莱文校长,同学们,老师们,女士们,先生们:
首先,我感谢莱文校长的邀请,使我有机会来到世界著名学府耶鲁大学,同青年朋友和老师们相聚在一起。
进入耶鲁大学的校园,看到莘莘学子青春洋溢的脸庞,呼吸着书香浓郁的空气,我不由回想起40年前在北京清华大学度过的美好时光。学生时代,对人的一生都会产生重要的影响,当年老师们对我的教诲,同学们给我的启发,我至今仍受用不尽。
耶鲁大学以悠久的发展历史、独特的办学风格、卓著的学术成就闻名于世。如果时光能够倒流几十年,我真希望成为你们中的一员。
耶鲁大学校训强调追求光明和真理,这符合人类进步的法则,也符合每个有志青年的心愿。300多年来,耶鲁大学培养出一大批杰出人才,其中包括20位诺贝尔奖获得者、5位美国总统。美国民族英雄内森·黑尔是耶鲁校友,他的名言——“我唯一的憾事,就是没有第二次生命献给我的祖国”,深深感染了我和许多中国人。我衷心祝愿贵校培养出更多英才,为美国经济社会发展、为人类进步事业作出更大贡献!
女士们、先生们、朋友们!
长期以来,中美两国人民一直相互抱有浓厚的兴趣和友好的感情。中国人民欣赏美国人民的开拓进取精神,钦佩美国人民在建设国家中取得的骄人业绩。随着中国的快速发展和中美合作的不断拓展,越来越多的美国人把目光投向中国,更加关注中国的发展进步。
了解是信任的基础。今天,我愿从中华文明历史流变和现实发展的角度,谈谈当代中国的发展战略和前进方向,希望有助于美国人民更全面、更深入地了解中国。
在5,000多年的历史长河中,中华民族为人类文明进步作出了巨大贡献,同时也走过了曲折艰辛的道路。特别是从1840年鸦片战争以来的160多年间,中国人民为摆脱积贫积弱的境遇,实现民族复兴,前仆后继,顽强斗争,使中华民族的命运发生了深刻变化。95年前,中国人民通过辛亥革命推翻了统治中国几千年的君主专制制度,为中国的进步打开了闸门。57年前,中国人民经过长期浴血奋斗实现了民族独立和人民解放,建立了人民当家作主的新中国。28年前,中国人民开始了改革开放和现代化建设的伟大历史进程,经过艰苦创业取得了举世瞩目的巨大成就,从1978年到2005年,中国国内生产总值从1,473亿美元增长到22,257亿美元,进出口总额从206亿美元增长到14,221亿美元,国家外汇储备从1.67亿美元增加到8,189亿美元,农村贫困人口由2.5亿人减少到2,300多万人。回顾这160多年来中国发生的沧桑巨变,可以说,中国人民经过艰苦探索和顽强奋斗,既改变了自己的命运,也推动了人类进步事业。
必须看到,中国尽管取得了巨大的发展成就,但仍是世界上最大的发展中国家,人均国内生产总值仍排在世界100名之后,中国人民的生活还不富裕,中国的发展还面临着不少突出的矛盾和问题。要彻底改变中国的面貌和改善中国人民的生活,需要继续持之以恒地艰苦奋斗。中国将在未来15年集中力量全面建设惠及十几亿人口的更高水平的小康社会。具体来说,就是要使中国国内生产总值到2020年达到40,000亿美元左右,人均达到3,000美元左右,使经济更加发展、民主更加健全、科教更加进步、文化更加繁荣、社会更加和谐、人民生活更加殷实。
为了实现我们的发展目标,中国根据本国国情和时代要求明确了自己的发展理念,这就是树立和贯彻以人为本、全面协调可持续发展的科学发展观,统筹城乡发展、统筹区域发展、统筹经济社会发展、统筹人与自然和谐发展、统筹国内发展和对外开放,更加注重解决民生问题,更加注重克服发展的不平衡性,更加注重解决发展中存在的突出矛盾,致力于走科技含量高、经济效益好、资源消耗低、环境污染少、人力资源优势得到充分发挥的新型工业化道路,推进经济建设、政治建设、文化建设、社会建设协调发展,努力实现生产发展、生活富裕、生态良好的文明发展格局。
科学发展的理念,是在总结中国现代化建设经验、顺应时代潮流的基础上提出来的,也是在继承中华民族优秀文化传统的基础上提出来的。
中华文明是世界古代文明中始终没有中断、连续5,000多年发展至今的文明。中华民族在漫长历史发展中形成的独具特色的文化传统,深深影响了古代中国,也深深影响着当代中国。现时代中国强调的以人为本、与时俱进、社会和谐、和平发展,既有着中华文明的深厚根基,又体现了时代发展的进步精神。
——中华文明历来注重以民为本,尊重人的尊严和价值。早在千百年前,中国人就提出“民惟邦本,本固邦宁”、“天地之间,莫贵于人”,强调要利民、裕民、养民、惠民。今天,我们坚持以人为本,就是要坚持发展为了人民、发展依靠人民、发展成果由人民共享,关注人的价值、权益和自由,关注人的生活质量、发展潜能和幸福指数,最终是为了实现人的全面发展。保障人民的生存权和发展权仍是中国的首要任务。我们将大力推动经济社会发展,依法保障人民享有自由、民主和人权,实现社会公平和正义,使13亿中国人民过上幸福生活。
——中华文明历来注重自强不息,不断革故鼎新。“天行健,君子以自强不息。”这是中国的一句千年传世格言。中华民族之所以能在5,000多年的历史进程中生生不息、发展壮大,历经挫折而不屈,屡遭坎坷而不馁,靠的就是这样一种发愤图强、坚韧不拔、与时俱进的精神。中国人民在改革开放中表现出来的进取精神,在建设国家中焕发出来的创造热情,在克服前进道路上的各种困难中表现出来的顽强毅力,正是这种自强不息精神的生动写照。
——中华文明历来注重社会和谐,强调团结互助。中国人早就提出了“和为贵”的思想,追求天人和谐、人际和谐、身心和谐,向往“人人相亲,人人平等,天下为公”的理想社会。今天,中国提出构建和谐社会,就是要建设一个民主法治、公平正义、诚信友爱、充满活力、安定有序、人与自然和谐相处的社会,实现物质和精神、民主和法治、公平和效率、活力和秩序的有机统一。中国人民把维护民族团结作为自己义不容辞的职责,把维护国家主权和领土完整作为自己至高无上的使命。一切有利于民族团结和国家统一的行为,都会得到中国人民真诚的欢迎和拥护。一切有损于民族团结和国家统一的举动,都会遭到中国人民强烈的反对和抗争。
——中华文明历来注重亲仁善邻,讲求和睦相处。中华民族历来爱好和平。中国人在对外关系中始终秉承“强不执弱”、“富不侮贫”的精神,主张“协和万邦”。中国人提倡“海纳百川,有容乃大”,主张吸纳百家优长、兼集八方精义。今天,中国高举和平、发展、合作的旗帜,奉行独立自主的和平外交政策,坚定不移地走和平发展道路,既通过维护世界和平来发展自己,又通过自身的发展来促进世界和平。中国坚持实施互利共赢的对外开放战略,真诚愿意同各国广泛开展合作,真诚愿意兼收并蓄、博采各种文明之长,以合作谋和平、以合作促发展,推动建设一个持久和平、共同繁荣的和谐世界。
女士们、先生们、朋友们!
中美都拥有辽阔的国土,都是多个民族并存、多种文化融合的国家,都生活着勤劳智慧的人民。中美因不同的历史背景和现实国情而存在着差异,这有利于我们相互借鉴,取长补短。中美加强合作,符合两国和两国人民的根本利益,对世界的和平与发展也具有重大影响。
200多年来,浩瀚的太平洋并未阻断中美两国人民的交流合作,中美两国人民相互学习、相互帮助,谱写了世界不同文明相互借鉴的美好篇章。1979年中美建交27年来,两国关系曾历经曲折,但总体上保持了稳定发展的大方向,给两国和两国人民带来了巨大利益。
进入21世纪,国际形势继续深刻变化。和平与发展仍然是当今时代的主题,但不稳定不确定因素在增多,新挑战新威胁在增加。在新的国际形势下,中美两国共同利益在增多,合作领域在扩大。世界和平与安全面临的新课题,特别是反对国际恐怖主义、防止大规模杀伤性武器扩散、保护人类生存环境、打击跨国犯罪等,使我们两国拥有重要的共同战略利益。中国的巨大市场和发展需求,美国的先进科技和优质产品,使两国具有巨大的经济技术合作空间。中美全面发展建设性合作关系前景广阔。
昨天上午,我同布什总统就中美关系及共同关心的重大国际和地区问题深入交换看法,达成了许多重要共识。我们都认为,双方应该坚持从战略高度和长远角度审视和处理中美关系,加强对话,扩大共识,增进互信,深化合作,全面推进21世纪中美建设性合作关系。
我相信,只要我们从中美关系发展的大局出发,彼此尊重,相互理解,两国关系就能够健康稳定地向前发展,给两国人民带来更多利益,给世界各国人民带来更大希望。
女士们、先生们、朋友们!
一个音符无法表达出优美的旋律,一种颜色难以描绘出多彩的画卷。世界是一座丰富多彩的艺术殿堂,各国人民创造的独特文化都是这座殿堂里的瑰宝。一个民族的文化,往往凝聚着这个民族对世界和生命的历史认知和现实感受,也往往积淀着这个民族最深层的精神追求和行为准则。人类历史发展的过程,就是各种文明不断交流、融合、创新的过程。人类历史上各种文明都以各自的独特方式为人类进步作出了贡献。
文明多样性是人类社会的客观现实,是当今世界的基本特征,也是人类进步的重要动力。历史经验表明,在人类文明交流的过程中,不仅需要克服自然的屏障和隔阂,而且需要超越思想的障碍和束缚,更需要克服形形色色的偏见和误解。意识形态、社会制度、发展模式的差异不应成为人类文明交流的障碍,更不能成为相互对抗的理由。我们应该积极维护世界多样性,推动不同文明的对话和交融,相互借鉴而不是相互排斥,使人类更加和睦幸福,让世界更加丰富多彩。
女士们、先生们、朋友们!
文化、教育和青年交流是中美两国人民增进相互了解和友谊的重要桥梁,也是推动中美关系健康稳定发展的重要力量。耶鲁大学是中美教育合作的先行者和文化交流的重要平台。156年前,一位名叫容闳的中国青年走进了耶鲁大学校园,4年后他以优异的成绩获得了文学学士学位,成为毕业于美国大学的第一个中国留学生。此后,一批又一批中国青年来到耶鲁大学求学。近20年来,耶鲁大学吸引了4,000多名中国留学人员,同中国文化界、科技界、教育界的合作项目超过80个。去年夏天,耶鲁大学派遣首批学生到中国实习,其中一些人成为中国故宫博物院的第一批外国实习生。借此机会,我对莱文校长和耶鲁大学为增进中美两国人民的交流所做的积极努力表示赞赏。
为增进中美两国青年以及教育界的相互了解,我高兴地宣布,中方决定邀请100名耶鲁大学师生今年夏天访问中国。我相信,你们的访问将是一次十分愉快的经历。
女士们、先生们、朋友们!
“长江后浪推前浪,世上新人换旧人。”青年人是世界的希望和未来,青年人有着蓬勃向上的生命活力和无穷的创造力。我衷心希望,中美两国青年携起手来,以实际行动促进中美两国人民友好,同世界各国人民一道,共创世界美好的明天。
谢谢各位。
导读
2006年4月21日,中国国家主席胡锦涛访问了世界著名高等学府——美国耶鲁大学,并发表重要演讲。他强调,文明多样性是人类社会的客观现实,是当今世界的基本特征,也是人类进步的重要动力。我们应该积极维护世界多样性,推动不同文明的对话和交融,相互借鉴而不是相互排斥,使人类更加和睦幸福,让世界更加丰富多彩。
诵读名句
As China develops rapidly and steady headway is made in China-U.S. cooperation,more and more Americans are following with great interest China’s progress and development.
To realize these goals,China has adopted a new concept of development in line with its national conditions and the requirement of the times.
Young people represent the hope and future of the world.
Peace in the Atomic Age
阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦:原子能时代的和平
I am grateful to you for the opportunity to express my conviction in this most important political question.
The idea of achieving security through national armament is,at the present state of military technique,a disastrous illusion. On the part of the United States,this illusion has been particularly fostered by the fact that this country succeeded first in producing an atomic bomb. The belief seemed to prevail that in the end it were possible to achieve decisive military superiority.
In this way,any potential opponent would be intimidated,and security,so ardently desired by all of us,brought to us,and to all of humanity. The maxim which we have been following during the last five years has been,in short:Security through superior military power,whatever the cost.
The armament race between the USA and the USSR,originally supposed to be a preventive measure,assumes hysterical character. On both sides,the means to mass destruction are perfected with feverish haste—behind the respective walls of secrecy. The H-bomb appears on the public horizon as a probably attainable goal.
If successful,radioactive poisoning of the atmosphere and hence annihilation of any life on earth has been brought within the range of technical possibilities. The ghostlike character of this development lies in its apparently compulsory trend.Every step appears as the unavoidable consequence of the preceding one. In the end,there beckons more and more clearly general annihilation.
Is there any way out of this impasse created by man himself ? All of us,and particularly those who are responsible for an attitude of the US and the USSR,should realize that we may have vanquished an external enemy,but have been incapable of getting rid of the mentality created by the war.
It is impossible to achieve peace as long as every single action is taken with a possible future conflict in view. The leading point of view of all political actions should therefore be:What can we do to bring about a peaceful co-existence and even loyal cooperation of the nations?
The first problem is to do away with mutual fear and distrust. Solemn renunciation of violence (not only with respect to means of mass destruction) is undoubtedly necessary.
Such renunciation,however,can only be effective if at the same time a supernational judicial and executive body is set up empowered to decide questions of immediate concern to the security of the nations. Even a declaration of the nations to collaborate loyally in the realization of such a“restricted world government”would considerably reduce the imminent danger of war.
In the last analysis,every kind of peaceful cooperation among men is primarily based on mutual trust and only secondly on institutions such as courts of justice and police. This holds formations as well as for individuals. And the basis of trust is loyal to give and take.
我非常感谢大家给我机会对这个最重要的政治问题发表见解。
就现如今军事技术发展的情况来看,想通过加强军备来保障国家安全的概念,只是一个会招致大祸的幻想。就美国而言,因为她率先研制出了原子弹,故她也最容易抱此幻想。而美国最终可能取得决定性的军事优势地位这种想法似乎颇受青睐。
这样,任何潜在的对手都会受到震慑,我们共同期盼的安全就会降临到我们乃至全人类身旁。近5年来我们一直恪守的座右铭,简言之就是:不惜一切代价,通过强势的军事力量保证安全。
美苏军备竞赛的初衷是为了防止战争的发生,现在却已显出狂躁的性质了。在保证安全的漂亮幌子下,双方都以狂热的速度完善其大规模破坏性武器。在公众心中,氢弹的制造似乎已经是可以达到的目标了。
如果氢弹研制成功的话,大气层可能会遭受的放射性污染,以及进而可能导致地球上所有生命灭绝,在技术上已经成为可能。这种发展的恐怖性在于它的发展显然已经成为一种无法遏止的态势。有了第一步,必然会有第二步的出现。最终,越来越明显地,必然导致全人类的灭亡。
我们还能在这个人类自己制造的死局中找到出路吗?我们所有的人,特别是那些美国和苏联的决策者们,应该明白我们也许可以战胜外界的敌人,但战争带来的那种心理状态,却是我们无法消除的。
如果每采取一次行动都考虑将来可能会发生冲突,那么和平是不可能实现的。因此,一切政治活动的首要出发点就是:为了实现国与国之间的和平共存甚至真诚合作,我们能做什么呢?
首先就是要解除双方的畏惧和猜忌。毫无疑问,庄严地声明放弃使用武力(不仅指放弃大规模的破坏性武器)是不可缺少的。
然而,要想有效地杜绝武力的使用,必须同时成立一个超越国家的司法和执行机构,赋予它权力来决定与各国安全密切相关的问题。即便是各国发表共同声明,保证精诚合作,促成这样一个“权力有限的世界政府”的成立,也会大大降低战争发生的危险。
总之,相互信任是人类各种和平合作的首要基础,法庭与警察机关之类的机构只是其次。个人交往如此,国家关系也是如此。而信任的建立就在于互相之间以诚相待。
导读
1945年8月,美国向日本广岛和长崎投掷了两枚原子弹,导致25万人死亡。爱因斯坦,作为原子弹基本原理的发现者和制造原子弹的倡导者,深感痛苦和懊丧。从此,防止毁灭人类的核战争,推进世界永久和平成为他战后的首要任务。这是爱因斯坦 1950年2月 12日在美国发表的电视演说。
诵读名句
The maxim which we have been following during the last five years has been,in short:Security through superior military power,whatever the cost.
The ghostlike character of this development lies in its apparently compulsory trend.
On the road to success
迈向成功之路
Baccalaureate Address to Class of 2008
哈佛第一任女校长在毕业典礼上的讲话
Drew G. Faust/德鲁·吉尔平·福斯特
In the last analysis,every kind of peaceful co-operation among men is primarily based on mutual trust and only secondly on institutions such as courts of justice and police.
In the curious custom of this venerable institution,I find myself standing before you expected to impart words of lasting wisdom. Here I am in a pulpit,dressed like a Puritan minister—an apparition that would have horrified many of my distinguished forebears and perhaps rededicated some of them to the extirpation of witches. This moment would have propelled Increase and Cotton① into a true“Mather lather.”But here I am and there you are and it is the moment of and for Veritas.
You have been undergraduates for four years. I have been president for not quite one. You have known three presidents;I one senior class. Where then lies the voice of experience? Maybe you should be offering the wisdom. Perhaps our roles could be reversed and I could,in Harvard Law School style,do cold calls for the next hour or so.
We all do seem to have made it to this point—more or less in one piece. Though I recently learned that we have not provided you with dinner since May 22. I know we need to wean you from Harvard in a figurative sense. I never knew we took it quite so literally.
But let’s return to that notion of cold calls for a moment. Let’s imagine this were a baccalaureate service in the form of Q & A,and you were asking the questions.“What is the meaning of life,President Faust? What were these four years at Harvard for? President Faust,you must have learned something since you graduated from college exactly 40 years ago?”(Forty years. I’ll say it out loud since every detail of my life—and certainly the year of my Bryn Mawr degree—now seems to be publicly available. But please remember I was young for my class.)
In a way,you have been engaging me in this Q & A for the past year. On just these questions,although you have phrased them a bit more narrowly. And I have been trying to figure out how I might answer and,perhaps more intriguingly,why you were asking.
…
As I have listened to you talk about the choices ahead of you,I have heard you articulate your worries about the relationship of success and happiness—perhaps,more accurately,how to define success so that it yields and encompasses real happiness,not just money and prestige. The most remunerative choice,you fear,may not be the most meaningful and the most satisfying. But you wonder how you would ever survive as an artist or an actor or a public servant or a high school teacher? How would you ever figure out a path by which to make your way into journalism? Would you ever find a job as an English professor after you finished who knows how many years of graduate school and dissertation writing?
The answer is:you won’t know till you try. But if you don’t try to do what you love—whether it is painting or biology or finance;if you don’t pursue what you think will be most meaningful,you will regret it. Life is long. There is always time for Plan B. But don’t begin with it.
I think of this as my parking space theory of career choice,and I have been sharing it with students for decades. Don’t park 20 blocks from your destination because you think you’ll never find a space. Go where you want to be and then circle back to where you have to be.
You may love investment banking or finance or consulting. It might be just right for you. Or,you might be like the senior I met at lunch at Kirkland who had just returned from an interview on the West Coast with a prestigious consulting firm.“Why am I doing this?”she asked.“I hate flying,I hate hotels,I won’t like this job.”Find work you love. It is hard to be happy if you spend more than half your waking hours doing something you don’t.
But what is ultimately most important here is that you are asking the question—not just of me but of yourselves. You are choosing roads and at the same time challenging your own choices. You have a notion of what you want your life to be and you are not sure the road you are taking is going to get you there. This is the best news. And it is also,I hope,to some degree,our fault. Noticing your life,reflecting upon it,considering how you can live it well,wondering how you can do good:These are perhaps the most valuable things that a liberal arts education has equipped you to do. A liberal education demands that you live self-consciously. It prepares you to seek and define the meaning inherent in all you do. It has made you an analyst and critic of yourself,a person in this way supremely equipped to take charge of your life and how it unfolds. It is in this sense that the liberal arts are liberal—as in liberate—to free. They empower you with the possibility of exercising agency,of discovering meaning,of making choices. The surest way to have a meaningful,happy life is to commit yourself to striving for it. Don’t settle. Be prepared to change routes. Remember the impossible expectations we have of you,and even as you recognize they are impossible,remember how important they are as a lodestar guiding you toward something that matters to you and to the world. The meaning of your life is for you to make.
I can’t wait to see how you all turn out. Do come back,from time to time,and let us know.
在这所久负盛名的大学的别具一格的仪式上,我站在了你们的面前,被期待着给予一些蕴含着恒久智慧的言论。站在这个讲台上,我穿得像个清教徒教长——一个可能会吓到杰出前辈们的怪物,或许使他们中的一些人重新致力于铲除巫婆的事业上。这个时刻也许会使我们的前辈Increase和Cotton父子气得发疯。但现在,我在上面,你们在下面,此时此刻,属于真理,为了真理。
你们已经在哈佛做了四年的大学生,而我当哈佛校长还不到一年。你们认识了三个校长,而我只认识了你们这一届大四的。算起来我哪有资格说什么经验之谈?或许应该由你们上来展示一下智慧。要不我们换换位置?然后我就可以像哈佛法学院的学生那样,在接下来的一个小时内不时地冷不防地提出问题。
学校和学生们似乎都在努力让时间来到这一时刻,而且还差不多是步调一致的。我这两天才得知哈佛从5月22日开始就你们就没有晚饭吃了。虽然有比喻说“我们早晚得给你们断奶”,但没想到我们的后勤还真的早早就把“奶”给断了。