concentration ------------ （集中；专心；浓度）即con+centr+ation，con-前缀“一起”，centr(=center)词根“中心”，-ation名词后缀，“一起聚集在中心的”→集中；专心。No fine work can be done without concentration and self-sacrifice and toil and doubt.没有全神贯注、自我牺牲、辛劳和怀疑，就做不出优秀的工作。concentration — the ability to do your son's homework while he is watching television 专心——儿子看电视时你替他做家庭作业的本事。
multinational ------------ ?（跨国公司；跨国公司的）即multi+national，multi-前缀“多”（如multiple→multi+ple倍→v.加倍；多倍的；倍数），national国家的。
affiliate ------------?（v.附属；附属机构）即af+fili+ate，af-加强前缀，fili谐音“费力”，-ate后缀，想让别人成为自己的“附属”是很“费力”的。
phenomenon ------------? （现象）复数形式为phenomena。Nature is by no means inferior to art, and no works of art is not the imitation of various phenomena of nature.自然绝对不低于艺术，艺术作品无一不是对种种自然现象的模仿。
M&A（兼并与收购）即文中提到的mergers and acquisitions。
detrimental ------------? （有害的）可看作detri+mental，detri谐音“淡吃”（沪方言，表示只吃饭而不吃菜），mental谐音“馒头”，于是“淡吃馒头”→天天只吃馒头而不吃菜对身体是“有害的”。
megamerger ------------?（大兼并）←mega大+merger。
supervise ------------ （监督；管理）←super在上面+vis看+e，参supervision（2002年Text 2）。
gigantic ------------ （巨大的）即gigant+ic，gigant(=giant)巨人，-ic形容词后缀，“巨人的”→巨大的。He has a gignatic appetite, and eats gigantic meals.他食量很大，能吃很多食物。
infringement ------------ （侵害）即in+fringe+ment，in-否定前缀，fringe（边缘；刘海；穗），-ment名词后缀，已经“不”在“边缘”→侵入内部→侵害；infringe（v.侵害）←in+fringe。China's sovereignty and territorial integrity must not be infringed.中国的主权和领土完整决不允许侵犯。
pessimistic ------------? （悲观的）即pessimist+ic，pessimist悲观主义者，-ic形容词后缀。pessimist — ①a man who thinks that God created the earth in six days and then was laid off ②an optimist with a sense of reality 悲观主义者——①一个认为上帝用六天时间创造了世界，然后就被解雇了的人 ②具有现实感的乐观主义者。
warn against 告诫防范；take upon oneself 承担。
难句解析：
①International affiliates account for a fast-growing segment of production in economies that open up and welcome foreign investment.
▲本句的主干是International affiliates account for a fast-growing segment of production in economies，后面的that open up and welcome foreign investment是economies的定语从句。
△注意一些词汇的含义：affiliate名词，意为“分支机构”，此处是指在世界各地都有分支的多国公司，并且是全句的主语；account for是……的原因；economies在此处指经济领域的国家概念，因此用复数。
②This phenomenon has created serious concerns over the role of smaller economic firms, of national businessmen and over the ultimate stability of the world economy.
▲of smaller economic firms与of national businessmen都是the role的补语；而over the role of smaller economic firms，of national businessmen与over the ultimate stability of the world economy都与concern相关连，是其补语。
△本句的重点在于看好concerns后面的结构，注意over the role与over the ultimate stability并列，而the role的后面有两个并列的of结构。
③I believe that the most important forces behind the massive M&A wave are the same that underlie the globalization process: falling transportation and communication costs, lower trade and investment barriers and enlarged markets that require enlarged operations capable of meeting customers' demands.
▲本句主语为I，谓语为believe，that引导了believe的宾语从句，其中的又一个that可替换为as the ones that，是一个定语从句。冒号后面的部分是the most important forces的同位语，其中markets后面的that从句是markets的定语，capable of meeting customers' demands是operations的补语。
△underlie在下面，作基础；barriers障碍物，壁垒；operations经营运作；meet sb's demands满足某人需求。
④And should one country take upon itself the role of "defending competition" on issues that affect many other nations, as in the US vs. Microsoft case?
▲此句的主干是should one country take upon itself the role，而that affect many other nations是issues的定语从句。as in the US vs. Microsoft case是issues的补语。on issues是take upon itself the role的状语。
△注意本句在阅读的时候要抓住它本身是一个文句，另外，vs.的意思对正确理解也很重要，它是指“对垒，对阵”，在法律的情景中就是“起诉，对簿公堂”的意思。
试题解析：
63. [C] 意为：合并并变得庞大。
第一段就指出，世界正在经历有史以来最大的合并和兼并热潮，这一热潮以前所未有的态势席卷了异常活跃的美国和欧洲，并延伸到新兴经济国家。
A意为：吸收更多的外资。
B意为：更多地向海外投资。
D意为：与更多的国家做买卖。
64. [A] 意为：顾客更大的需要。
第三段剖析了造成合并和兼并热潮(M&A wave)的重要原因。在作者看来，这些因素和导致（经济）日趋全球化的过程是一样的，如：交通运输成本的日趋下降，贸易和投资障碍的减少，以及扩大的市场：扩大的市场需要市场业务的扩大，以满足顾客的需要。作者又总结说，所有这些因素都对顾客有益，而不会有害。在以上提到的三个因素中，包括了根据顾客的需要扩大市场这个因素。
B意为：对市场的额外供给。
C意为：日益增长的生产率。
D意为：世界财富的增长。
以上提到的三个原因不包括B、C、D提到的内容。
65. [D] 意为：标准石油联合公司可能曾对竞争形成过威胁。
第四段第一、二句提到，要找出目前合并热潮带来的利益和降低成本的例子还很困难，但是，如果现在有几个石油公司合并，很难想像会再次产生近乎100年前所引起人们恐慌的对（公平）竞争的威胁，这一情况当时是由于美国的标准石油联合公司解体而造成的。
A意为：日益增长的合并热潮肯定会损害顾客的利益。第四段第三、四、五句提到，像WorldCom这样的电信公司合并几乎没有给消费者带来更高的价格，或减缓技术进步的步伐，相反，通信业务的价格迅速降低；汽车工业也在合并，但也没有迹象表明消费者的利益受到伤害。
B意为：WorldCom是一个（合并）带来利益和降低成本的好例子。参阅第四段第三句，这句强调的是价格没有随着合并而提高，并没有提到价格降低问题，因此，合并虽然没有伤害消费者，也没有给他们带来利益。
C意为：全球化过程成本巨大。本段没有涉及这方面的问题。
66. [B] 意为：客观的。
本文描述了目前的合并热潮，第二段用数据证明了目前这种情况的现实存在，第三段解释了造成这一现象的原因，第四段具体分析了合并热潮的影响，认为人们没有必要担心，但是在最后一段，作者也提醒人们注意合并活动的动向。可见，作者没有对合并热潮过于悲观或乐观，而是提到了它可能产生的正反两方面的影响，对这一现象的产生采取了审慎理智的客观态度。
A意为：乐观的。
C意为：悲观的。
D意为：有偏见的。
全文翻译：
世界正在经历一场前所未有的巨大的并购浪潮。这个浪潮从异常活跃的美国席卷到欧洲，并以不可比拟的威力影响到正在崛起的国家。这些国家的许多人面对这个浪潮开始忧虑：“企业合并的浪潮会不会变成一股不可控制的反竞争的力量？”
无疑，大企业正在变得更大、更强。跨国公司在1982年只占有国际贸易不到20％的份额。而现在，这个数字上升到25％强，并且还在迅速上升。在那些对外开放并鼓励外资的国家的经济中国际分公司在国民生产中成为一个快速增长的部门。比如，在阿根廷，经过90年代初的改革之后，跨国公司在200家大型企业的工业生产中从43％增加到几乎70％。这个现象造成了人们对小型企业和民族资本的作用以及世界经济的最终稳定的严重忧虑。
我认为，推动这股巨大的并购浪潮的最主要的力量，也是推动全球化进程的力量，包括日趋下降的运输与通讯费用，较低的贸易与投资壁垒，以及市场的扩大和为满足市场需求而进行的扩大生产。所有这些对消费者来说都有益而无害的。随着生产力的提高，世界的财富也在增长。
目前证明这股合并浪潮是带来利还是弊的实例并不多。但是很难想像当今的几个石油公司的合并是否会重新造成约100年前美国标准石油公司对竞争造成的同样的威胁，那时由于人们对该公司的这种担心而导致了它最终的解散。像世界通讯这样的通讯公司合并似乎没有给消费者带来更高的价格，或者降低技术进步的速度。相反，通信的价格在迅速下降。在汽车行业，合并也同样在增加——比如戴姆勒与克莱斯勒，雷诺与尼桑的合并——但消费者看起来并未受到伤害。
但是合并运动必须受到严密监视这个事实仍然存在。就在几星期以前，格林斯潘对银行业的巨大合并发出了警告。如果合并后如此巨大的银行出现，谁来充当最终的借贷者，发挥监督、规范和运作的作用呢？当一个国家对破坏公平竞争的行为的处理过于严厉时，跨国公司会不会把它们的生产从一地转到另一地呢？在那些将会影响许多其他国家的事情中，如美国政府与微软公司的诉讼案，一个国家是否应该担负起“保护竞争”的责任呢？
2001 Passage 5
When I decided to quit my full time employment it never occurred to me that I might become a part of a new international trend. A lateral move that hurt my pride and blocked my professional progress prompted me to abandon my relatively high profile career although, in the manner of a disgraced government minister, I covered my exit by claiming "I wanted to spend more time with my family".
Curiously, some two-and-a-half years and two novels later, my experiment in what the Americans term "downshifting" has turned my tired excuse into an absolute reality. I have been transformed from a passionate advocate of the philosophy of "have it all", preached by Linda Kelsey for the past seven years in the pages of she magazine, into a woman who is happy to settle for a bit of everything.
I have discovered, as perhaps Kelsey will after her much-publicized resignation from the editorship of She after a build-up of stress, that abandoning the doctrine of "juggling your life", and making the alternative move into "downshifting" brings with it far greater rewards than financial success and social status. Nothing could persuade me to return to the kind of life Kelsey used to advocate and I once enjoyed: 12-hour working days, pressured deadlines, the fearful strain of office politics and the limitations of being a parent on "quality time".
In America, the move away from juggling to a simpler, less materialistic lifestyle is a well-established trend. Downshifting — also known in America as "voluntary simplicity" — has, ironically, even bred a new area of what might be termed anti-consumerism. There are a number of bestselling downshifting self-help books for people who want to simplify their lives; there are newsletters, such as The Tightwad Gazette, that give hundreds of thousands of Americans useful tips on anything from recycling their cling-film to making their own soap; there are even support groups for those who want to achieve the mid-'90s equivalent of dropping out.
While in America the trend started as a reaction to the economic decline — after the mass redundancies caused by downsizing in the late '80s — and is still linked to the politics of thrift, in Britain, at least among the middle class downshifters of my acquaintance, we have different reasons for seeking to simplify our lives.
For the women of my generation who were urged to keep juggling through the '80s, downshifting in the mid-'90s is not so much a search for the mythical good life — growing your own organic vegetables, and risking turning into one — as a personal recognition of your limitations.
67. Which of the following is true according to paragraph 1?
[A] Full-time employment is a new international trend.
[B] The writer was compelled by circumstances to leave her job.
[C] "A lateral move" means stepping out of full-time employment.
[D] The writer was only too eager to spend more time with her family.
68. The writer's experiment shows that downshifting ________.
[A] enables her to realize her dream
[B] helps her mold a new philosophy of life
[C] prompts her to abandon her high social status
[D] leads her to accept the doctrine of She magazine
69. "Juggling one's life" probably means living a life characterized by ________.
[A] non-materialistic lifestyle
[B] a bit of everything
[C] extreme stress
[D] anti-consumerism
70. According to the passage, downshifting emerged in the US as a result of ________.
[A] the quick pace of modern life
[B] man's adventurous spirit
[C] man's search for mythical experiences
[D] the economic situation
重点单词：
lateral （侧面的，旁边的）可看作later+al，later即单词“后来”，-al词后缀，“后来者只能靠边站”→旁边的。在文中此词用引申义，各参考书观点不尽相同，请自甄别。
curiously------------? （好奇地；奇怪地）←curious+ly；curious（好奇的；奇怪的）即curi+ous，curi关心=care（因为元音可替换），-ous形容词后缀“有……性质的”，故“对某事非常关心的”→好奇的。It is a curious fact that in bad days we can very vividly recall the good time that is now no more; but that in good days we have only a very cold and imperfect memory of the bad.一个奇怪的事实是，在失意的日子里，我们能够生动地想起不复存在的美好时光；而在得意的时候，对苦难的日子却只留有非常淡漠而残缺的记忆。←这是德国哲学家叔本华说的，其代表作《作为意志与表象的世界》是guangxian最欣赏的哲学作品，商务印书馆出过中译本。
downshifting------------ ←down+shift+ing，原义指汽车调档减速，文中指“放慢生活节奏”。
passionate （充满热情的）即passion+ate，passion（激情；暴怒），-ate此作形容词后缀。A poet is, before anything else, a person who is passionately in love with language.一个诗人首先是个热爱语言的人。Death is the only pure, beautiful conclusion of a great passion.死是伟大激情的唯一纯洁与美丽的终结。Three passions, simple but overwhelmingly strong, have governed my life: the longing for love, the search for knowledge and the unbearable pity for the suffering of mankind.有三种情感，虽朴实却无可抗拒地主宰着我的生命：对爱的渴望，对知识的探求，以及对人类所受苦难的怜悯。Passion is in all great searches and is necessary to all creative endeavours.激情存在于一切伟大的追求中，对所有创造性的活动都是必不可少的。
preach ? （v.鼓吹；布道）可看作pr(e)+each，pre-前缀“在前”，each每个，“牧师走到每个人面前”→布道。Preach not because you have to say something, but because you have something to say.布道不是由于你不得不说些什么，而是由于你有些话要说。
resignation ------------ （辞职；顺从）←resign+ation名词后缀；resign（v.辞职；顺从）←re+sign，re-前缀=away或=again，sign签署，故“签署后离开”→辞职，“再次签署”→顺从。What is called resignation is confirmed desperation.所谓顺从就是确定了的绝望。no resign oneself to being defeated 不甘心于失败。
editorship ------------ （编辑职务，编辑工作）←editor+ship，editor（编辑者），-ship抽象名词后缀表“性质、职位、资格等”，如：friendship、leadership、membership等。
doctrine ------------（教义；学说）←doctr+ine，doctr=doctor（元音可增减），-ine名词后缀表“物”，故“教授拿来讲授的东西”→教义。参vaccine（疫苗），2003年Text 2。The wisest man preaches no doctrines; he has no scheme.最大的智者不鼓吹任何学说，没有任何体系。
juggle ? （n.v.杂耍）发音与沪方言对扑克牌中Jack的发音同，“拿扑克牌玩杂耍(juggle)，引得大家咯咯(guggle)笑”，文中juggle引申为“忙忙碌碌”。
deadline------------ （最后期限）←dead+line。
Newsletter ------------?（时事通讯，简报）←news+letter。
cling-film（食品保鲜膜）←cling粘着+film薄膜。
equivalent------------? （相等的，等价的；相等物，等价物）即equi+val+ent，equi相等（如：equal相等的），val价值（如：value价值），-ent后缀。In truth, politeness is artificial good humor, it covers the natural want of it, and ends by rendering habitual a substitute nearly equivalent to the real virtue.礼貌实际上是人为的好性情，它掩盖了它天生的不足，结果给惯于此道者提供了与真正美德几乎相当的代用品。
drop out 退隐，逃避现实。
redundancy ------------ （冗余）即red+und+ancy，red-(=re-)，und词根“多”，-ancy名词后缀，“越来越(re)多”→冗余。同根词：abundant（丰富的）←ab加强前缀+und多+ant形容词后缀。redundancy — an air-bag in a politician's car 多余物——政治家汽车里的保险气袋。
thrift ? （节俭；繁荣）可记：“节俭”导致“繁荣”；thrifty（节俭的；繁荣的）←thrift+y形容词后缀。thrift→thrive（v.繁荣），类似变化的单词有theft（n.偷）→thieve（v.偷）。It is thrifty to prepare today for the wants of tomorrow.节俭就是今天为明天的需要作准备。
mythical （神话的；虚构的）←myth神话+ical后缀。myth — a religion in which no one any longer believes 神话——一种没有人再信仰的宗教。
recognition ------------ （n.认出，承认）是recognise（或recognize）的名词形式。Three fundamental truths without a recognition of which there can be no effective liberty: that what we believe is not necessarily true; that what we like is not necessarily good; and that all questions are open.有三条基本真理，如果不承认就不会有实在的自由：我们相信的未必真实，我们喜爱的未必美好，一切问题都无定论。The highest possible stage in moral culture is when we recognize that we ought to control thoughts.道德修养有可能达到的最高境界是认识到我们应该控制自己的思想。A celebrity is a person who works hard all his life to become known, then wears dark glasses to avoid being recognized.所谓名人不过是这样一种人：他终生勤奋努力而致成名，然后戴上墨镜以免被别人认出。
adventurous ------------? （喜冒险的；充满危险的）←adventur(e)冒险+ous形容词后缀。A good critic is one who narrates the adventures of his mind among masterpieces.好的批评家是个讲述自己的精神在杰作中历险的人。adventure — the vitaminizing element in histories both in dividual and social 冒险——个人历史和社会历史中的维生素。
难句解析：
①A lateral move that hurt my pride and blocked my professional progress promoted me to abandon my relatively high profile career although, in the manner of a disgraced government minister, I covered my exit by claiming "I wanted to spend more time with my family".
▲本句中a lateral move是主语，promoted是谓语，that hurt my pride and blocked my professional progress是a lateral move的定语，although, in the manner of a disgraced government minister, I covered my exit by claiming "I wanted to spend more time with my family"是状语，其中逗号之间的in the manner of a disgraced government minister是插入语。
△注意找准主句主谓结构。
②Curiously, some two-and-a-half years and two novels later, my experiment in what the Americans term "downshifting" has turned my tired excuse into an absolute reality.
▲本句主干是... my experiment... has turned my tired excuse into an absolute reality。注意其谓语是一个turn sth. into sth.的结构。前面两个逗号之间的是时间状语。
△注意抓句子的主干，其中主语的修饰部分in what the Americans term "downshifting"看不懂可以跳过去。当然，如果我们对英语的预感较好，就可以猜测downshifting一词的意思与驾驶骑车有关，在这里，作者把生活比喻为开车，因此放弃对物质生活的热衷追求就像在开车时减档减速一样。
③I have discovered, as perhaps Kelsey will after her much-publicized resignation from the editorship of She after a build-up of stress, that abandoning the doctrine of "juggling your life", and making the alternative move into "downshifting" brings with it far greater rewards than financial success and social status.
▲I have discovered是主句的主谓结构，that abandoning the doctrine of "juggling your life", and making the alternative move into "downshifting" brings with it far greater rewards than financial success and social status是主句的宾语，其中abandoning the doctrine of "juggling your life", and making the alternative move into "downshifting"为该宾语从句的主语，brings为谓语。as perhaps Kelsey will after her much-publicized resignation from the editorship of She after a build-up of stress既是伴随状语，又是插入语，其主语为Kelsey，谓语为will，而after her much-publicized resignation from the editorship of She after a build-up of stress是本插入语中的时间状语。
