难句解析：
①The latest was a panel from the National Academy of Sciences, enlisted by the White House, to tell us that the Earth's atmosphere is definitely warming and that the problem is largely man-made.
主干部分是The latest was a panel，表语panel后接有两个定语成分：from的介词短语和含enlisted的过去分词，即“白宫召集的、来自国家科学院的专家团”，其中第二个定语成分中又包含一个不定式结构，表目的，即“为了告诉我们……而召集的（专家团）”。
翻译：最近的行动是由白宫召集了一批来自国家科学院的专家团，他们告诉我们，地球气候毫无疑问正在变暖，而这个问题主要是人为造成的。
②But science does provide us with the best available guide to the future, and it is critical that out nation and the world base important policies on the best judgments that science can provide concerning the future consequences of present actions.”
该句子的主干是由and连接的两个并列从句，前一分句的主干是science…provide us with…guide；后一分句的主干是it is critical，其中it为形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主语从句。从句的主干是our nation and the world base…policies on…judgments，judgments后接有两个定语结构，一是that引导的定语从句，一是concerning分词结构。
翻译：但是科学确实为我们的未来提供了最好的指导，关键是我们的国家和整个的世界在做重要决策时，应该以科学能够提供的关于人类现在的行为对未来影响最好的判断作为依据。
③Just as on smoking, voices now come from many quarters insisting that the science about global warming is incomplete, that it's Ok to keep pouring fumes into the air until we know for sure。
该句子的主干是voices now come from many quarters；句首Just as结构做比较状语，意为“正如…一样”；insisting 引导的分词结构做定语修饰主语voice，分词结构中含有两个并列的由that引导的宾语从句，第二个宾语从句的真实主语是不定式结构to keep…
翻译：就象吸烟问题一样，来自不同领域的声音坚持认为有关全球变暖的科学资料还不完整。
试题解析：
第二篇文章是一篇一般的时事性文章，这也是一篇类比，考完了以后很多考生说这篇文章讲抽烟，其实不是的，作者讲抽烟是想说明现在的温室效应，也是一种类比，许多人抽烟没有人去管，因为缺乏足够的证据,咱们各国政府也不管温室效应, 也是同样的原因。中心讲的是世界各个政府对温室效应的解决的态度，篇章的关键词围绕这样三个问题展开，第一个就是证据不充足。第二是科学的意义。第三是制定法律，尤其最后三段大量出现立法和法规的现象，
26题选C，
27应该选D，科学应该作为一个指导性，是答案是根据文章第２段的最后两句话。
28题是猜单词题，单词所在的句子的意思是有些人总要科学证据，结果抹杀了行动。所以选A。29答案选择D，采取某种法律措施，法律在最后的段落重复的最多。
30题作者谈的抽烟的教训对我们温室处理也是一样的，选B。
全文翻译：
还记得科学家们认为吸烟会致人死亡，而那些怀疑者们却坚持认为我们无法对此得出定论的时候吗？还记得怀疑者们坚持认为缺乏决定性的证据，科学也不确定的时候吗？还记得怀疑者们坚持认为反对吸烟的游说是为了毁掉我们的生活方式，而政府应该置身事外的时候吗？许多美国人相信了这些胡言乱语，在三十多年中，差不多有一千万烟民早早的进了坟墓。
现在出现了与吸烟类似的令人感到难过的事情。科学家们前仆后继，试图使我们意识到全球气候变暖所带来的日益严重的威胁。最近的行动是由白宫召集了一批来自国家科学院的专家团，他们告诉我们，地球气候毫无疑问正在变暖，而这个问题主要是人为造成的。明确的信息表明是我们应该立刻着手保护自己。国家科学院院长Bruce Alberts在专家团报告的前言中加上了这一重要观点：“科学解答不了所有问题。但是科学确实为我们的未来提供了最好的指导，关键是我们的国家和整个的世界在做重要决策时，应该以科学能够提供的关于人类现在的行为对未来影响最好的判断作为依据。
就象吸烟问题一样，来自不同领域的声音坚持认为有关全球变暖的科学资料还不完整。在我们证实这件事之前可以向大气中不断的排放气体。这是一个危险的游戏；到了有百分之百的证据的时候，可能就太晚了。随着风险越来越明显，并且不断增加，一个谨慎的民族现在应该准备一份保单了。
幸运的是，白宫开始关注这件事了。但是显然大多数总统顾问并没有认真看待全球气候变暖这个问题。他们没有出台行动计划，相反只是继续迫切要求进行更多的研究――这是一个经典的“分析导致麻痹案例”。
为了成为地球上有责任心的一员，我们必须积极推进对于大气和海洋的深入研究。但只有研究是不够的。如果政府不争取立法上的主动权，国会就应该帮助政府开始采取保护措施。弗吉尼亚的民主党议员Robert Byrd提出一项议案，从经济上激励私企，就是一个良好的开端。许多人看到这个国家正准备修建许多新的发电厂，以满足我们的能源需求。如果我们准备保护大气，关键要让这些新发电厂对环境无害。
2005 Passage 3
Of all the components of a good night's sleep, dreams seem to be least within our control. In dreams, a window opens into a world where logic is suspended and dead people speak. A century ago, Freud formulated his revolutionary theory that dreams were the disguised shadows of our unconscious desires and rears, by the late 1970s. neurologists had switched to thinking of them as just “mental noise” the random byproducts of the neural-repair work that goes on during sleep. Now researchers suspect that dreams are part of the mind's emotional thermostat, regulating moods while the brain is “off-line” And one leading authority says that these intensely powerful mental events can be not only harnessed but actually brought under conscious control, to help us sleep and feel better, “It's your dream” says Rosalind Cartwright, chair of psychology at Chicago's Medical Center. “If you don't like it , change it.”
Evidence from brain imaging supports this view. The brain is as active during REM (rapid eye movement) sleep-when most vivid dreams occur-as it is when fully awake, says Dr, Eric Nofzinger at the University of Pittsburgh. But not all parts of the brain are equally involved, the limbic system (the “emotional brain”)is especially active, while the prefrontal cortex (the center of intellect and reasoning) is relatively quiet. “We wake up from dreams happy of depressed, and those feelings can stay with us all day” says Stanford sleep researcher Dr, William Dement.
The link between dreams and emotions shows up among the patients in Cartwright’s clinic. Most people seem to have more bad dreams early in the night, progressing toward happier ones before awakening, suggesting that they are working through negative feelings generated during the day. Because our conscious mind is occupied with daily life we don’t always think about the emotional significance of the day’s events-until, it appears, we begin to dream.
And this process need not be left to the unconscious. Cartwright believes one can exercise conscious control over recurring bad dreams As soon as you awaken, identify what is upsetting about the dream. Visualize how you would like it to end instead, the next time is occurs, try to wake up just enough to control its course. With much practice people can learn to, literally, do it in their sleep.
At the end of the day, there's probably little reason to pay attention to our dreams at all unless they keep us from sleeping of “we wake u in a panic,” Cartwright says Terrorism, economic uncertainties and general feelings of insecurity have increased people's anxiety. Those suffering from persistent nightmares should seek help from a therapist For the rest of us, the brain has its ways of working through bad feelings. Sleep-or rather dream-on it and you'll feel better in the morning.
31. Researchers have come to believe that dreams
[A]. can be modified in their courses.
[B]. are susceptible to emotional changes.
[C]. reflect our innermost desires and fears.
[D]. are a random outcome of neural repairs.
32. By referring to the limbic system, the author intends to show
[A]. its function in our dreams.
[B]. the mechanism of REM sleep.
[C]. the relation of dreams to emotions.
[D]. its difference from the prefrontal cortex.
33. The negative feelings generated during the day tend to
[A]. aggravate in our unconscious mind.
[B]. develop into happy dreams.
[C]. persist till the time we fall asleep.
[D]. show up in dreams early at night.
34.Cartwright seems to suggest that
[A]. waking up in time is essential to the ridding of bad dreams.
[B]. visualizing bad dreams helps bring them under con troll.
[C]. dreams should be left to their natural progression.
[D]. dreaming may not entirely belong to the unconscious.
35. What advice might Cartwright give to those who sometimes have had dreams?
[A]. lead your life as usual.
[B]. Seek professional help.
[C]. Exercise conscious control.
[D]. Avoid anxiety in the daytime.
重点词汇：
formulate [------------] vt.构想；规划；明确地表达。[例]The idea of setting up this corporation was formulated over coffee. 创办这家公司的想法是在喝咖啡时形成的。
Neurologist [------------?] n.神经学者, 神经科专门医师 neuro-神经
Byproduct n.副产品 [记]bypass n，旁路，小道 bywork n 副业 byname n.绰号
thermostat [ ] n.自动调温器, thermo- 热、热电
unconscious [ ?] adj.无意识的：缺乏意识和感知能力的；无意识的
limbic [ ?] adj.边缘的、与之相关的或有之特征的；脑边缘系统的或与之相关的
Significance [------------?] n.重要性：重要的状态或性质
persistent [ ] adj.坚持不懈的，执意的：拒绝放弃或听任的；顽固坚持的，持续的，存留的：不断地重复或持续的
Therapist [ ?] n.治疗学家：专门提供某一治疗的人
at the end of the day 讲到底，说穿了，到最后。You may attack me all you want, at the end of the day, I can't care less. （随便你怎么攻击我，说穿了，我才不在乎呢。） (I don't really wish to earn a whole lot of money, I just wanna be healthy. At the end of the day, that's what really matters. （我并不希望赚大钱，我只希望身体健康。说到底，这才是真正重要的。）
难句解析：
①And one leading authority says that these intensely powerful mental events can be not only harnessed but actually brought under conscious control, to help us sleep and feel better,
该句子的主干是间接引语，其宾语是that引导的宾语从句。宾语从句的主干是these events can be not only harnessed but actually brought……，其中not only…but(also) 并列连词结构连接两个过去分词，表示“不仅被驾驭…而且被有意识的加以控制”。不定式在宾语从句中做结果状语。
翻译：一名主要的权威人士说，梦这种异常强烈的精神活动不仅能被驾驭，事实上还可以有意识地加以控制，以帮助我们更好地睡眠和感觉。
②The brain is as active during REM (rapid eye movement) sleep-when most vivid dreams occur-as it is when fully awake, says Dr, Eric Nofzinger at the University of Pittsburgh.
该句子是一个倒装句，句首是间接引语的宾语从句，其主谓结构后置，即says Dr, Eric.宾语从句的主干是个比较结构The brain is as active during REM as it is when fully awake。两个破折号之间是插入语，做定语从句，修饰REM sleep，即“出现清晰梦境的快速动眼睡眠”。
翻译：匹兹堡大学的埃里克博士说，在出现清晰梦境的快速动眼睡眠中大脑和完全清醒时一样活跃。
③Most people seem to have more bad dreams early in the night, progressing toward happier ones before awakening, suggesting that they are working through negative feelings generated during the day.
该句子的主句后跟有两个现在分词结构，第一个分词结构表伴随，其动作和主句中的动作几乎同时发生。第二个分词结构表结果，即“因此表明……”
翻译：大多数人似乎在晚上入睡的较早阶段做更多不好的梦，而在快睡醒前会逐渐做开心一些的梦，这说明人们在梦力渐渐克服了白天的不良情绪。
试题解析：
第三篇文章中心主干是这样的，第一段开始就确立了话题，确立了作者的态度，观点和论点以后，整篇文章都是围绕第一段展开的，第三篇文章讲的是一个心理学方面的梦的问题，文章开篇就说梦的原理以及梦是可以控制的，然后讲梦与情感的关系，结尾再次强调梦是可以控制的。文章有三个关键词，第一个关键词是梦，第二个是睡眠，第三个词是控制，还有一个是情感意识。
第31题研究者们他们好象认为梦，这完全从篇章的开头和结尾都强调重复说明梦是可以控制的，选Ａ。
32题作者提到梦和情感之间是有关系的，情感是段落的重点，选Ｃ，
33题这里有一个在白天有消极的情感出现的时候，在梦里是有的，所以我们选D。
34题他询问的作者的观点，整篇文章透露的就是我们的梦是可以控制的，这是文章的核心意思，而且该题有may这样的委婉情态动词，以前就强调一定正确，选项是原文的替换，意思是梦是不完全是潜意识的范围，选Ｄ
35题答案是选A，问如果有噩梦出现怎么办，像以前一样过，是在最后一段谈到的。
全文翻译：
在高质量睡眠的所有因素中，梦似乎是最无法控制的一个。在梦中，窗户通向的世界里，逻辑暂时失去了效用，死人开口说话。一个世纪前，弗洛伊德阐述了革命性的理论，即梦是人们潜意识中欲望和恐惧经伪装后的预示；到了20世纪70年代末期，神经病学家们转而认为梦是“精神噪音”，即睡眠时进行的神经修复活动的一种杂乱的副产品。目前，研究人员猜想梦是大脑情感自动调节系统的组成部分，当大脑处于“掉线”状态时对情绪进行规整。一名主要的权威人士说，梦这种异常强烈的精神活动不仅能被驾驭，事实上还可以有意识地加以控制，以帮助我们更好地睡眠和感觉。芝加哥医疗中心心里学系主任 Rosalind Cartwright说“梦是你自己的，如果你不喜欢，就改变它。”
大脑造影的证据支持了以上观点。匹兹堡大学的埃里克博士说，在出现清晰梦境的快速动眼睡眠中大脑和完全清醒时一样活跃。但并非大脑的所有部分都一样，脑边缘系统（“情绪大脑”）异常活跃，而前额皮层（思维和推理的中心地带）则相对平静大。斯坦福睡眠研究员William Dement博士说：“我们从梦中醒来，或者高兴或者沮丧，这些情绪会伴随我们一整天。”
梦和情绪之间的联系在Cartwright的诊所的病人身上显露出来了。多数人似乎在晚上入睡的较早阶段做更多不好的梦，而在快睡醒前会逐渐做开心一些的梦，这说明人们在梦里渐渐克服了白天的不良情绪。因为清醒时我们的头脑被日常琐事占据着，所以并不总是想到白天发生的事情对我们情绪的影响，直到我们开始做梦，这种影响才出现。
这一过程不一定是无意识的。Cartwright认为人们可以练习有意识地控制噩梦的重演。你一醒来就立刻确定梦中有什么在困扰你，设想一下你所希望的梦的结局，下次再做同样的梦时，试图醒来以控制它的进程。通过多次练习，人们完全可以学会在梦中这样做。
Cartwright说，说到底，只要梦不使我们无法睡眠或“从梦中惊醒”，就没有理由太在意所做的梦。恐怖主义、经济不确定及通常的不安全感都增加了人们的焦虑。那些长期受到噩梦折磨的人应该寻求专家帮助，而对其他人来说，大脑有自动消除不良情绪的方法。安心睡觉甚至做梦，早上醒来时你会感觉好多了。
2005 Passage 4
American no longer expect public figures, whether in speech or in writing, to command the English language with skill and gift. Nor do they aspire to such command themselves. In his latest book, Doing Our Own Thing. The Degradation of language and Music and why we should like, care, John McWhorter, a linguist and controversialist of mixed liberal and conservative views, sees the triumph of 1960s counter-culture as responsible for the decline of formal English.
Blaming the permissive 1960s is nothing new, but this is not yet another criticism against the decline in education. Mr.McWhorter’s academic speciality is language history and change, and he sees gradual disappearance of “whom” ,for example, to be natural and no more regranttable than the loss of the case-endings of Old English
But the cult of the authentic and the personal, “doing our own thing”, has spelt the death of formal speech, writing, poetry and music. While even the modestly educated sought an elevated tone when they put pen to paper before the 1960s, even the most well regarded writing since then has sought to capture spoken English on the page. Equally, in poetry, the highly personal, performative genre is the only form that could claim real liveliness. In both oral and written English, talking is triumphing over speaking, spontaneity over craft.
Illustrated with an entertaining array of examples from both high and low culture, the trend that Mr. McWhorter documents is unmistakable. But it is less clear, to take the question of his subtitle, why we should, like care. As a linguist, he acknowledges that all varieties of human language, including non-standard ones like Black English, can be powerfully expressive-there exists no language or dialect in the world that cannot convey complex ideas .He is not arguing, as many do, that we can no longer think straight because we do not talk proper.
Russians have a deep love for their own language and carry large chunks of memorized poetry in their heads, while Italian politicians tend to elaborate speech that would seem old-fashioned to most English-speakers. Mr. McWhorter acknowledges that formal language is not strictly necessary, and proposes no radical education reforms-he is really grieving over the loss of something beautiful more than useful. We now take our English “on paper plates instead of china”. A shame, perhaps, but probably an inevitable one.
36. According to Mc Whorter, the decline of formal English
[A]. is inevitable in radical education reforms.
[B]. is but all too natural in language development.
[C]. has caused the controversy over the counter-culture.
[D]. brought about changes in public attitudes in the 1960s.
37. The word “talking” (Linge6, paragraph3) denotes
[A]. modesty.
[B]. personality.
[C]. liveliness.
[D]. informality.
38. To which of the following statements would Mc Whorter most likely agree?
[A]. Logical thinking is not necessarily related to the way we talk.
[B]. Black English can be more expressive than standard English.
[C]. Non-standard varieties of human language are just as entertaining.
[D]. Of all the varieties, standard English Can best convey complex ideas.
39. The description of Russians' love of memorizing poetry shows the author's
[A]. interest in their language.
[B]. appreciation of their efforts.
[C]. admiration for their memory.
[D]. contempt for their old-fashionedness.
40. According to the last paragraph, “paper plates” is to “china” as
[A]. “temporary” is to “permanent”.
[B]. “radical” is to “conservative”.
[C]. “functional” is to “artistic”.
[D]. “humble” is to “noble”.
重点词汇：
Degradation [------------] n.降级，降等：降低或下降的过程
Conservative [------------?] adj.保守的, 守旧的n.保守派[记]conservative 保守的/moderate 温和的 /radical激进的 英国两大执政党之一的保守党为Conservative Party
Regrettable [ ] adj.令人后悔的：引发或值得后悔的： a regrettable lack of funds; 令人遗憾的资金缺乏regrettable remarks.令人遗憾的评论
Elevate [ ] vt.提升、提高 字根lev指“升、举 to raise”如：lever轻易举起的东西→杠杆；leverage 杠杆作用→方法，手段；elevate举起来→提升；elevator [美]电梯；lift [英]电梯
Illustrated [------------?] adj.有插图的 an illustrated book有插画的书籍 [记]illustration n 插图；图解 字根lust/luc指“明亮的”。 il(on)＋lustr(bright)＋ate(v.)使明亮，使清晰→图解说明；lucent a.光亮的，透明的
Formative [ ?] adj.能成形的：造型的或可塑造的 the formative stages of a plot.
情节的发展阶段
Spontaneity [------------?] n. 【复数】 spontaneities 自发性：自发的状态或属性
Elaborate [ ?] adj. 精心制作的：对众多部分或细节给予精心注意的计划或制作的
Linguist [ ?] n. 通晓数国语言的人：一个能流利地讲好几种语言的人 [记]linguistic a.语言的；语言学的 字根lingu指“舌头，tongue”。所以linguist就是玩舌头的人→语言学家；linguistic语言学的；bilingual 两条舌头→双语者；multilingual 好多舌头→通多国语言者
