panel of experts 专家小组；up in the air 悬而未决。
难句解析：
①Declaring that he was opposed to using this unusual animal husbandry technique to clone humans, he ordered that federal funds not be used for such an experiment — although no one had proposed to do so — and asked an independent panel of experts chaired by Princeton President Harold Shapiro to report back to the White House in 90 days with recommendations for a national policy on human cloning.
▲这个长句严格来说主语只有一个he和两个谓语（order和ask）。第一个逗号之前是一个表示伴随状态的现在分词短语，declaring后面是一个that引导的宾语从句，注意其中有一个use... to...的动词结构，然后是主句，第一个谓语ordered后面也是一个that引导的宾语从句，这个从句用了虚拟语气，在谓语动词be前面省略了should；破折号之间是个although引导的让步从句，是对前面的补充；and后面是第二个谓语asked，用了短语搭配ask... to...，ask的宾语其实是panel，这个单词的前后都是它的修饰成分，尤其是有过去分词chaired引导的短语，表明的是这个panel的领导者是谁；to后面的动词report接的是目的地the White House，时间要求in 90 days，内容recommendations，后面的for短语说明的是recommendations的内容。
△理解这个句子的关键在于找到主句的两个谓语，然后理清两个谓语动词后面的宾语成分；再者就是句子开始的现在分词结构和破折号之间的补充成分。
②NBAC will ask that Clinton's 90-day ban on federal funds for human cloning be extended indefinitely, and possibly that it be made law.
▲这个句子的主语是NBAC，谓语ask后面是两个并列的宾语从句，从句都用了虚拟语气的谓语形式，即省略了should，谓语动词用原形be。第一个从句的主语是ban，这个词前后都是修饰成分；第二个从句还是用that引导，句式简单。要注意的是，如果把第二个从句补齐的话，应该是and possibly ask that it be made law。
△找出ask的两个宾语从句是理解这个句子的关键，同时注意虚拟语气的运用，明白谓语动词为什么用be动词原形。
③The panel has not yet reached agreement on a crucial question, however, whether to recommend legislation that would make it a crime for private funding to be used for human cloning.
▲这个简单句的宾语agreement跟了一个on引导的短语，说明的是agreement的内容，即a crucial question；question后面有一个whether引导的不定式短语，其中包含了一个宾语从句，从句的主语缺省，应该是legislation。在这个从句中有一个形式宾语it，真正的宾语是后面的for... to...结构。
△whether引导的不定式短语是这个句子的关键，注意其中的宾语从句以及it作为形式宾语所替代的真正宾语。
④In a draft preface to the recommendations, discussed at the 17 May meeting, Shapiro suggested that the panel had found a broad consensus that it would be "morally unacceptable to attempt to create a human child by adult nuclear cloning".
▲这个简单句的主干其实就是Shapiro suggested that从句。主语前面的部分是该句的状语，其中recommendations后面的过去分词结构是表明时间的修饰成分。主句的宾语从句中包含了一个consensus的同位语从句，解释的是consensus的内容，这个同位语从句中的it充当的是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式to attempt to create a human child by adult nuclear cloning。
△该句的主要信息集中的两个地方，一个是the panel... found... consensus...，另一个是对于consensus的解释，尤其是对其中形式主语的理解。
⑤Because current federal law already forbids the use of federal funds to create embryos(the earliest stage of human offspring before birth) for research or to knowingly endanger an embryo's life, NBAC will remain silent on embryo research.
▲在这个主从复合句中，前面是because引导的原因状语从句，这个从句的宾语是use，of短语说明了use的对象（federal funds），随后是两个并列的不定式短语，表明的是用途（create embryos；to knowingly endanger an embryo's life），其中括号里的内容是对embryos的解释，然后才是主句，注意介词on（关于）的用法。
△这个句子的关键在于use后面的修饰成分，尤其是两个to不定式的意义，说明了禁止的内容。再者注意括号里对embryos的解释。
试题解析：
63. [B] 意为：白宫对这一克隆技术方面的消息反应强烈。
根据第一段第一、二句，当苏格兰一个研究小组三个月前透露他们克隆了一只成年羊时，消息震动了世界，克林顿总统立即作出了反应，他宣布反对用这种特殊的畜牧技术克隆人，要求禁止使用联邦基金进行这样的研究——虽然尚未有人提出这样做，他要求成立一个由普林斯顿校长Shapiro领导的独立专家小组，就克隆人研究方面的国家政策问题拿出建议，在三个月内向白宫汇报。从这两句的内容来看，白宫的反应不仅迅速而且强烈。
A意为：联邦基金已被用于一个克隆人的项目中。见对B的解释。
C意为：NBAC被授权控制克隆技术的滥用。国家生物道德顾问委员会(NBAC)的职责是向白宫提出有关克隆人技术的政策性建议。
D意为：白宫已得到专家组有关克隆技术的建议。
64. [C] 意为：使用私人基金研究克隆人技术是犯罪行为。
在本文中，private funding区别于federal funds。根据第二段第三句，专家组还没有在一个关键问题上达成一致，即：是否建议立法，规定私人出资研究克隆人技术是犯罪行为。最后一段第一句也指出，NBAC成员们也表示，他们将呼吁私人资助的研究者和研究机构不要用细胞核移植技术来克隆人。
A意为：应该立法禁止使用联邦基金研究克隆人技术。根据第二段第一句，NBAC将要求克林顿总统有关使用联邦基金研究克隆人技术的禁令无限期延长，并且可能要求立法禁止。根据第四段，他们也计划呼吁继续禁止使用联邦政府基金利用人体细胞核来克隆婴孩的企图。
B意为：不再对克隆人体DNA技术作更多的限制。根据第二段第二句，NBAC成员们计划对建议的内容严加措辞，以避免对涉及克隆人体DNA（脱氧核糖核酸）和细胞的研究增加新的限制——因为在分子生物研究中这种研究属常规研究课题。
D意为：克隆人类将是违背道德价值观的。第三段第一句指出，Shapiro在5月17日开会讨论的建议序言草稿中表示，专家组已取得广泛的一致意见，认为“试图利用成人细胞核克隆技术来创造人是不道德的。”
65. [D] 意为：有关这个问题法律己经作出了明确的陈述和规定。
根据第四段第二句，因为现行联邦法律已经禁止使用联邦基金创造供研究用的胚胎，或有意识地危害胚胎的性命，NBAC的建议将不再涉及胚胎的研究。
A意为：胚胎研究只不过是代表克隆技术的新发展。
B意为：婴儿的健康状况不是胚胎研究所主要关心的问题。
C意为：胚胎的性命在胚胎研究中不会受到威胁。
A、B、C提到的内容均与文章内容不符。
66. [A] 意为：某些NBAC成员对彻底禁止克隆技术的研究表示犹豫不决。
根据最后一段第二句，在是否进一步呼吁制定联邦法律彻底禁止克隆人技术研究方面，NBAC成员意见不一。虽然Shapiro和多数成员都赞成呼吁做这样的立法，但是，在一次电话采访中，他称这一问题仍然“悬而未决”。
B意为：禁止克隆人技术研究的法律将很快获得通过。
C意为：私人资助的研究者将会响应NBAC的呼吁。根据最后一段第一句，虽然不作出法律上的强行禁止，NBAC成员们也表示，他们将呼吁私人资助的研究者和研究机构不要用细胞核移植技术来克隆人。但是这里并没有提到——也没有足够的证据推测出私人资助的研究者对这一呼吁的态度。
D意为：克隆人技术研究这一问题将很快获得解决。
全文翻译：
当一个苏格兰研究小组透露三个月前他们克隆了一只成年绵羊时，世界为之震惊，克林顿总统迅速做出反应。他宣称反对利用这种非同寻常的畜牧业技术去克隆人，并下令禁止使用联邦资金做这样的实验——尽管还没有人提议要那样做——并责成成立一个由普林斯顿大学校长哈罗德·夏皮罗为首的独立专家小组，在90天内拿出有关克隆人的国家政策的建议，向白宫汇报。这个名为“全国生物伦理道德顾问委员会”(NBAC)的小组一直在非常积极地工作，集思广益，并诉诸笔端；在5月17日的一次会议上，委员们就接近定稿的意见书取得了一致意见。
NBAC将要求克林顿总统禁止使用联邦资金克隆人的90天禁令无限期地延长，并且还可能要求将之立法。但是，NBAC成员们正计划在建议的措辞上更为严谨，以避免给克隆人体DNA或细胞等研究带来更多地限制——（这属于）分子生物研究中的常规课题。然而，该小组尚未在一个关键问题上达成一致，即是否建议立法机关把将私人资金用于克隆人的行为视为犯罪。
在5月17日会议上讨论的建议序言草案中，夏皮罗表示，专家组已取得广泛的共识，认为“试图利用成人细胞核去克隆婴儿将是违背道德伦理的”。夏皮罗解释说在与会期间，道德上的怀疑主要源于对婴儿健康带来危害的担忧。随后，该小组非正式地接受了几条一般的结论，尽管有些细节尚无定论。
NBAC计划呼吁继续禁止使用联邦政府基金利用人体细胞核去克隆婴孩的任何企图。因为现行的联邦法律已经禁止使用联邦基金克隆研究用的胚胎（人类子代出生前的最早阶段）或有意识地危及胚胎的生命，NBAC在胚胎研究这一问题上保持沉默。
NBAC的成员明确表示，他们呼吁由私人提供资金的研究人员和机构不要试图通过人体细胞核转移去克隆人。但他们在是否进一步要求联邦立法强令彻底禁止克隆人这一问题上存在分歧。夏皮罗和大多数委员赞成将此立法，但在电话采访中，他透露这一议题仍“悬而未决”。
1999 Passage 5
Science, in practice, depends far less on the experiments it prepares than on the preparedness of the minds of the men who watch the experiments. Sir Isaac Newton supposedly discovered gravity through the fall of an apple. Apples had been falling in many places for centuries and thousands of people had seen them fall. But Newton for years had been curious about the cause of the orbital motion of the moon and planets. What kept them in place? Why didn't they fall out of the sky? The fact that the apple fell down toward the earth and not up into the tree answered the question he had been asking himself about those larger fruits of the heavens, the moon and the planets.
How many men would have considered the possibility of an apple falling up into the tree？ Newton did because he was not trying to predict anything. He was just wondering. His mind was ready for the unpredictable. Unpredicability is part of the essential nature of research. If you don't have unpredictable things, you don't have research. Scientists tend to forget this when writing their cut and dried reports for the technical journals, but history is filled with examples of it.
In talking to some scientists, particularly younger ones, you might gather the impression that they find the "scientific method" a substitute for imaginative thought. I've attended research conferences where a scientist has been asked what he thinks about the advisability of continuing a certain experiment. The scientist has frowned, looked at the graphs, and said "the data are still inconclusive." "We know that," the men from the budget office have said, "but what do you think? Is it worthwhile going on? What do you think we might expect?" The scientist has been shocked at having even been asked to speculate.
What this amounts to, of course, is that the scientist has become the victim of his own writings. He has put forward unquestioned claims so consistently that he not only believes them himself, but has convinced industrial and business management that they are true. If experiments are planned and carried out according to plan as faithfully as the reports in the science journals indicate, then it is perfectly logical for management to expect research to produce results measurable in dollars and cents. It is entirely reasonable for auditors to believe that scientists who know exactly where they are going and how they will get there should not be distracted by the necessity of keeping one eye on the cash register while the other eye is on the microscope. Nor, if regularity and conformity to a standard pattern are as desirable to the scientist as the writing of his papers would appear to reflect, is management to be blamed for discriminating against the "odd balls" among researchers in favor of more conventional thinkers who "work well with the team."
67. The author wants to prove with the example of Isaac Newton that ________.
[A] inquiring minds are more important than scientific experiments
[B] science advances when fruitful researches are conducted
[C] scientists seldom forget the essential nature of research
[D] unpredictability weighs less than prediction in scientific research
68. The author asserts that scientists ________.
[A] shouldn't replace "scientific method" with imaginative thought
[B] shouldn't neglect to speculate on unpredictable things
[C] should write more concise reports for technical journals
[D] should be confident about their research findings
69. It seems that some young scientists ________.
[A] have a keen interest in prediction
[B] often speculate on the future
[C] think highly of creative thinking
[D] stick to "scientific method"
70. The author implies that the results of scientific research ________.
[A] may not be as profitable as they are expected
[B] can be measured in dollars and cents
[C] rely on conformity to a standard pattern
[D] are mostly underestimated by management
重点词汇：
supposedly ------------ （大概；据推测）即suppose+(e)d+ly，suppose（猜想；假设），-ed形容词后缀，-ly副词后缀。My own suspicion is that the universe is not only queerer than we suppose, but queerer than we can suppose.我个人隐约觉得，宇宙之奇异不仅超过我们所料想的，更超过我们所能够料想的。We can not suppose that some men have a right to be in this world, and others no right.我们无法假定一些人有权力活在世上而另一些人没有。
particularly ------------? （特别地；显著地）即particul+ar+ly，particul(=particle)微粒，-ar形容词后缀，-ly副词后缀，“连细微处的性质都具备地”→特别地；形容词形式为particular←particul+ar。Particulars are not to be examined till the whole has been surveyed.在概括地考察整体之前先不要探究细节。In heaven an angel is nobody in particular.在天堂里天使不是什么特别的人物。
substitute ------------? （v.替代n.替代物）即sub+stitute，sub-“在下”，stitute词根“放置”，于是“在下面放置的”→“准备用作替换的”→替代或替代物。参constitutional，2002年Text 4。There is no substitute for hard work.任何东西都代替不了勤奋工作。Democracy substitutes election by the incompetent many for appointment by the corrupt few.民主政治以无能的多数进行的选择代替腐败的少数作出的委任。
imaginative ------------? （富想象力的）即imagin(e)+ative，imagine（v.想象），-ative“多……的”。Anything one man can imagine, other men can make real.一个人能够想象出的任何东西都会有别人把它变为现实。
conference ------------? （会议；协商）即con+fer+ence，con-一起，fer词根“拿来”=bring，-ence名词后缀，“把意见拿到一起来协商”→会议。A conference is a gathering of important people who singly can do nothing, but together can decide that nothing can be done.会议就是重要人物的聚会，他们独自干不了什么事，但是在一起能决议什么事也干不了。Reading make a full man, conference a ready man, and writing an exact man.阅读使人充实，交谈使人机智，写作使人精确。conference — just an admission that you want somebody to join you in your troubles 会议——仅仅是一种加入权，即你遇到麻烦时，想要别人加入进来与你分担。
budget （v.n.预算）看作bud+get。The only good budget is a balanced budget.只有平衡的预算才是好的预算。budget — ①just another name for a family quarrel ②a detailed record of how you managed to spend more than you earned 预算——①家庭纠纷的代名词而已 ②表明你如何设法花掉比你所挣的钱还要多的一份详细记录。
worthwhile ------------ （值得的）←worth+while。Love doesn't make the world go round. Love is what makes the ride worthwhile.爱情并不推动世界，它只是使人生值得。
speculate ------------? （推测；投机）即specul+ate，specul词根“看”=spect，-ate动词后缀，联想：考研阅读题每个都不会做，对四个选项“看”来“看”去，希望看（推测）出答案，未果，最后只能看天由命（投机）了，于是悄悄拿出两枚硬币……There are two times in a man's life when he should not speculate; when he can't afford it and when he can.人的一生中有两个时候不应投机：投机不起的时候和投机得起的时候。
victim ? （受害者，牺牲品）。Men who do not make advances to women are apt to become victims to women who make advances to them.不追逐女人的男人容易成为追逐他们的女人的牺牲品。
consistently ------------ ?（始终如一地）即con+sist+ent+ly，con-一直，sist词根“站”，-ent形容词后缀，-ly副词后缀，“一直站在那里地”→始终如一地；形容词形式为consistent←con+sist+ent；名词形式为consistency←con+sist+ency名词后缀。Consistency is contrary to nature, contrary to life. The only completely consistent people are the dead.一成不变违反自然、违反生命，能够做到完全始终如一的只有死人。Consistency is the last resort of the unimaginative.一致性是缺乏想象力的人们的最后乐园。consistency — ①what requires you to be as ignorant today as you were a year ago ②the last refuge of the imaginative 前后一致——①要求你今天像一年前一样无知 ②富有想象力的人的最后避难所。
convince------------?（使信服）。The best way to convince a fool that he is wrong is to let him have his own way.使愚人认识错误的最好办法，是让他走自己的路。
faithfully ------------ （忠实地；守信地）←faithful+ly。Books are those faithful mirrors that reflect to our minds thoughts of sages and heroes.书籍是忠实的镜子，把圣贤英杰的思想反映到我们的头脑中。faithful woman — a woman who doesn't want two men to suffer as the same time 忠实的女人——不愿让两个男人同时受折磨的女人。
auditor （审计员）用熟词editor（编者）记：auditor与editor的工作都是审查，但auditor审查的是钱，故以au开头←金的化学符号即Au。
distract ------------?（v.分散；扰乱）即dis+tract，dis-(=away)，tract词根“拉”，“把注意力拉出去”→分散注意力。The reason why we are so pleased to find out other people's secrets is that it distracts public attention from our own.我们所以如此乐于发现别人的秘密，是由于它能分散大家对我们自身秘密的注意。
register ------------ （注册；自动计数器）。History, which is, indeed, little more than the register of the crimes, follies, and misfortunes of mankind.历史实在不过是人类的罪行、蠢事与不幸的记录。
conformity ------------ （遵守；顺从）←conform+ity名词后缀。conformity — the jailer of freedom and the enemy of growth 顺从——自由的狱卒，成长的大敌。
inquire （v.调查；询问）=enquire。Luck stops at the door and inquires whether prudence is within.好运在节俭的门前止步，问讯它是否在家。
neglect （v.n.忽视；忽略）即neg+lect，neg-否定前缀（如negative→neg+ative形容词后缀→否定的；负的），lect词根“选择”（如elect→e+lect→v.选举，e-前缀=ex-）。Paying attention to simple little things that most men neglect makes a few men rich.注意多数人忽视的简单小事使少数人致富。A little neglect may breed mischief,... for want of a nail the shoe was lost; for want of a shoe the horse was lost; and for want of a horse the rider was lost.微小的疏忽可能酿成祸害，……缺一根钉子就会掉一块蹄铁，掉一块蹄铁就会失去一匹马，失去一匹马就会失去一名骑手。
profitable ------------（有益的，有利可图的）即profit+able，profit（v.n.收益；利润），-able可……的。Genuine ignorance is… profitable because it is likely to be accompanied by humility, curiosity, and open-mindedness.真正的无知……不无益处，因为它很可能伴有谦虚、好奇、及思想开放。That is a good book which is opened with expectation and closed with profit.使人怀着期待打开、带着收益合上的书就是好书。Great men are those who profit the most from the fewest mistakes.伟人是由最少的错误获得最多益处的人。
underestimate ------------ （v.n.低估）←under+estimate估计；反义词为overestimate→over+estimate→高估。Never underestimate a man who overestimates himself.切勿低估一个过高估计他自己的人。
cut and dried 千篇一律；odd ball 古怪的人。
难句解析：
①The fact that the apple fell down toward the earth and not up into the tree answered the question he had been asking himself about those larger fruits of the heavens, the moon and the planets.
▲这个句子的主干是The fact answered the question。复杂之处在于主语fact跟了一个同位语从句，解释的是fact的内容，注意这个从句中and省略了与前面相同的主语谓语the apple fell；后面的宾语带了一个定语从句，这个从句的引导词that或者which省略了，about短语是对question的解释，those larger fruits of the heavens指的就是the moon and the planets。
△找出这个句子的主干，再看主语和宾语的修饰性短语，再一个需要注意的是larger fruits of the heavens和后面the moon and the planets的复指关系。
②In talking to scientists, particularly younger ones, you might gather the impression that they find the "scientific method" a substitute for imaginative thought.
