B意为：说明怎样获得一份好工作。原文强调的是如何为申请工作策划，根据自己的条件得到自己所需的工作。另外，本文并没有谈到工作的“好”与坏。
C意为：工作介绍指导。
D意为：工作评估原则。
53. [D] 意为：这使之明确地认识自己。
文章最后一段第一句指出，在精心准备出一份自己的能力和愿望的“蓝图”以后（即：在仔细地描述了自己的能力和愿望之后），你就明确了自己能“出卖”的东西（tangible意为：能触摸到的，具体的），只有在这个时候，你才做好了找工作的准备。
另请参考第52题题解。
A意为：这是取悦于雇主的第一步
B意为：这是雇主的要求。
C意为：这使之明确何时去找工作。
54. [A] definite意为：明确的，具体的；区别于：不清楚的，不定的。
参阅第53题题解。
B不对。imaginary意为：想像的，虚构的。
C不对。practical意为：（切合）实际的；区别于：不实际的，理想的。
D不对。desirable意为：令人满意的，称心的。
可见，从本文的上下文来看，[A]最为确切。
全文翻译：
沉默寡言的老人们曾经说：“重要的不是在这个世界上你想要什么，而是你得到了什么。”
心理学教导人们，如果你知道你想要什么，并且想要的又是合适的东西，你就能得到它。
你可以在头脑里勾画出一幅欲望的蓝图，就像你可以设计房屋的蓝图一样。而我们每个人在日常生活中都在不停地画着这样的欲望蓝图。比方我们想请朋友吃晚餐，我们就会筹划菜谱、写购物单、决定先煮什么菜等，这样的筹划对于举行任何形式的宴请都是必不可少的。
同样，如果你想找一份工作，那就拿一张纸，写一份简历吧。为找工作做筹划，从你自己开始，因为只有当你确切知道你可以提供什么服务，你才可能明智地筹划到哪儿去兜售你的服务。
你的简历实际上是对你的职业生涯的简单描述，它包括教育、经验和证明人。这个描述是很有价值的，在填写标准的申请表格时它可提供参考，在面试时更是起极大的作用。在与你谈话时，你未来的雇主将根据你的教育、你的经验和你其他的资历来确定雇用你是否值得，因此你必须把你的“商品”和能力以有序而合理连贯的方式陈列出来。
当你为自己的能力和欲望仔细地筹划了一幅蓝图后，你就有实在的东西可以兜售了。那时你就准备去找工作，先搜集有关你想找的工作的所有信息，对工作和公司的详情进行调查，留心看与听，使用你的判断能力。每天花一定的时间寻找你想要的工作，请记住：找工作就是你现在的工作。
1996 Passage 2
With the start of BBC World Service Television, millions of viewers in Asia and America can now watch the Corporation's news coverage, as well as listen to it.
And of course in Britain listeners and viewers can tune in to two BBC television channels, five BBC national radio services and dozens of local radio station. They are brought sport, comedy, drama, music, news and current affairs, education, religion, parliamentary coverage, children's programmes and films for an annual licence fee of ￡83 per household.
It is a remarkable record, stretching back over 70 years — yet the BBC's future is now in doubt. The Corporation will survive as a publicly-funded broadcasting organisation, at least for the time being, but its role, its size and its programmes are now the subject of a nation-wide debate in Britain.
The debate was launched by the Government, which invited anyone with an opinion of the BBC — including ordinary listeners and viewers — to say what was good or bad about the Corporation, and even whether they thought it was worth keeping. The reason for its inquiry is that the BBC's royal charter runs out in 1996 and it must decide whether to keep the organisation as it is, or to make changes.
Defenders of the Corporation — of whom there are many — are fond of quoting the American slogan. "If it ain't broke, don't fix it." The BBC "ain't broke", they say, by which they mean it is not broken (as distinct from the word "broke", meaning having no money), so why bother to change it?
Yet the BBC will have to change, because the broadcasting world around it is changing. The commercial TV channels — ITV and Channel 4 — were required by the Thatcher Government's Broadcasting Act to become more commercial, competing with each other for advertisers, and cutting costs and jobs. But it is the arrival of new satellite channels — funded partly by advertising and partly by viewers' subscriptions — which will bring about the biggest changes in the long term.
55. The world famous BBC now faces ________.
[A] the problem of new coverage
[B] an uncertain prospect
[C] inquiries by the general public
[D] shrinkage of audience
56. In the passage, which of the following about the BBC is not mentioned as the key issue?
[A] Extension of its TV service to Far East.
[B] Programmes as the subject of a nation-wide debate.
[C] Potentials for further international co-operations.
[D] Its existence as a broadcasting organisation.
57. The BBC's "royal charter" (line 3, paragraph 4) stands for ________.
[A] the financial support from the royal family
[B] the privileges granted by the Queen
[C] a contract with the Queen
[D] a unique relationship with the royal family
58. The foremost reason why the BBC has to readjust itself is no other than ________.
[A] the emergence of commercial TV channels
[B] the enforcement of Broadcasting Act by the government
[C] the urgent necessity to reduce costs and jobs
[D] the challenge of new satellite channels
重点词汇：
coverage ------------ （覆盖范围；新闻报导）←cover+age名词后缀。
stretch （一段时间或路程v.n.伸展）与sketch（v.速写；略图；梗概）一起记。Babies do not want to hear about babies, they like to be told of giants and castles, and that which can stretch and stimulate their little minds.幼童不愿听关于幼童的故事，他们喜欢给他们讲巨人和城堡，那可以扩张和刺激他们小小的心灵。
slogan （标语，口号）看作s+log+an，s形的圆木(log)上刻着一条(an)标语(slogan)。My slogan is "Four hours for work, four hours for study, eight hours for sleep, and eight hours for play."我的口号是“四小时工作，四小时学习，八小时睡眠，八小时游戏”。
难句解析：
①They are brought sport, comedy, drama, music, news and current affairs, education, religion, parliamentary coverage, children's programmes and films for an annual licence fee of ￡83 per household.
▲句子的主干结构是They are brought... for an annual license fee...，其中谓语部分使用了被动语态。实际结构是bring后接双宾语：bring sb. sth.，在这句话中，直接宾语很长，是一系列名词的罗列，前面的名词用逗号连接，最后两个并列成分用and连接。
△重点要注意they指代前面提到的listeners and viewers，这里使用了bring sb. sth.这一结构的被动式：sb. was brought sth.。介词for在这里相当于at the price of。另外news and current affairs中的and是连接news和current affairs的，而这个词组作为一个整体与其它的名词music，education等并列。
②The Corporation will survive as a publicly-funded broadcasting organization, at least for the time being, but its role, its size and its programmes are now the subject of a nation-wide debate in Britain.
▲句子的结构是but连接了两个转折关系的句子。其中at least for the time being前后用逗号与句子其它部分分开，是插入语。前一句子的主干结构是The Corporation will survive as...，后一句子的主干结构是its role, its size and its programs are now the subject...。
△The Corporation指代前面提到的BBC=British Broadcast Corporation。另外注意as的用法，这里它用作介词，是“作为……”的意思。publicly-funded由公众提供资金的；nation-wide全国范围内的。
③The debate was launched by the Government, which invited anyone with an opinion of the BBC — including ordinary listeners and viewers — to say what was good or bad about the Corporation, and even whether they thought it was worth keeping.
▲这个句子的主干结构是：The debate was launched by the Government，使用了被动语态。后面which引导定语从句which invited anyone with an opinion of the BBC...修饰government，定语从句中不定式to say后面是两个并列的宾语从句，一个由what引导，一个由whether引导，两部分用and连接，副词even表示进一步强调。另外两个破折号之间的部分属于插入成分，是用来进一步定义anyone的。anyone后面的with介词词组也是用来修饰anyone的。
△重点是要弄清楚后面定语从句，两个宾语从句，还有插入成分之间的层次关系。另外要注意be worth doing的用法，这一结构本身就可以表达被动含义，因而the Corporation was worth keeping就是“英国广播公司值得被保留”的意思。
④The BBC "ain't broke", they say, by which they mean it is not broken (as distinct from the word "broke", meaning having no money), so why bother to change it?
▲这句话是so连接的两个因果关系的句子。they say是插入语。which引导定语从句修饰前面引号中的部分“ain't broke”。
△注意which指代的是前面引号中的部分；而且注意区别broke和broken在这里的不同意思。why do sth.这里是个反问句，是不太正式的用法。注意在此处，作者修正了前面美国俚语“ain't broke”中broke一词的用法错误，指出其应该被写为broken。
⑤But it is the arrival of new satellite channels — funded partly by advertising and partly by viewers' subscriptions — which will bring about the biggest changes in the long term.
▲首先这个句子使用了强调结构：it is... which，which指代前面的channels。破折号中间部分的插入成分相当于定语，(which are) funded partly by advertising and partly by viewers' subscriptions修饰channels。其中and连接两个partly by。
△注意bring about在句中的含义是“引起，导致，产生”。
试题解析：
55. [B] 意为：前景不定。
第三段指出，英国广播公司(BBC)已有70多年的光辉历程，然而，目前其前景不明(in doubt)。虽然（至少就目前而言）作为一个公办广播机构，广播公司将继续存在下去，但是，其作用、规模、节目成为目前英国举国上下争论的话题。第四段指出，这场争论是由政府发起的。政府要求普通听众和观众评论广播公司的优缺点——甚至于值不值得把它办下去(was worth keeping)。最后一段指出，广播公司也的确面临着新的挑战，它只有改变自己才能适应新的形势。
A意为：新闻报道（的范围）问题。
C意为：公众的质询。公众并未主动对广播公司的发展前景及状况评头论足，而是政府要求他们这样做的。
D意为：观（听）众的减少。
56. [C] 意为：进一步进行国际合作的潜力。
最后一段指出，由于广播领域(broadcasting world)正在发生变化，英国广播公司也应改变自己，以适应新形势。撤切尔政府制定的广播法要求电视频道进一步商业化、搞广告竞争并削减开支与劳务。新电视频道的开播将带来长远的巨变。可见，这里并未提到国际合作问题。
A意为：将电视广播扩展到远东地区。第一段指出，随着英国广播公司国际电视节目的开播，数百万亚洲和美洲人不仅可以听到它的广播，还可以观看到它的电视新闻报道(news coverage)。文章最后一段还提到了卫星频道将会给广播公司带来最大的变化。
B意为：电视节目成为举国上下谈论的话题。
D意为：它作为广播机构的存在。
另请参阅第55题题解。
57. [C] 可直译为：与女王签的契约。
众所周知，英国是君主立宪国家，国王代表国家。因此，与女王签约就等于说该公司是国家办的广播公司(a publicly-funded broadcasting station)，而不是私营的。charter意为：契约，特许证。原句可译为：质询的原因是：广播公司的皇家契约1996年将要到期，因此必须决定广播公司是保持原样还是要改革。
A意为：皇族的财政支持。皇族指国王的家庭，与国家是两码事。
B意为：女王准予的一系列特权。
D意为：与皇族的特殊关系。
58. [D] 意为：新电视频道的挑战。
该题提问部分意为：英国广播公司不得不自行调整的最主要原因恰恰是……。文章最后一句指出：从长远的观点来看，新电视频道的开播将无疑会带来最大的变化（注意：本句是强调句）。另请参阅第56题题解。
A意为：商业性电视频道的出现。
B意为：政府广播法的实施。
C意为：降低成本和劳务的紧迫性。
[A]、[B]、[C]虽然都提到了，但都不是作为主要原因而提的。
全文翻译：
随着BBC（英国广播公司）全世界电视节目的开播，亚洲和美洲的数以百万计的人不仅可以听到广播，也能看到它的电视新闻报道了。当然，英国听众和观众可以收到两个BBC电视频道，五个BBC全国广播电台和几十个地方电台，每户每年交83英镑的收视费便可收看体育、喜剧、戏剧、音乐、新闻时事、教育、宗教、议会报道、儿童节目及电影。
延续七十多年，BBC可谓历程辉煌，然而现在，BBC的未来却令人疑虑。至少目前，它仍可以公办广播机构的身份生存下去，但它的作用、规模和节目却成了全英国争论的话题。
英国政府发起了这场争论，它邀请每一位对BBC有看法的人——包括普通的听众和观众——对公司好坏进行评说，甚至可以评说他们是否认为公司值得办下去。这样做的原因是BBC所持的皇家特许证于1996年到期，政府必须决定让公司维持原状还是进行变革。
公司的捍卫者——他们中有很多人——喜欢引用美国的广告口号：“如果没坏，就不要修。”他们说英国广播公司“没有破产”，他们的意思是说它没有垮掉（broken和单词broke是有区别的，broke的意思是没有钱），那为什么还要自找麻烦去改变它呢？
然而BBC将不得不进行变革，因为周围的广播世界正发生变化。商业电视频道——ITV和第四频道——应撒切尔政府广播法案的要求进行商业化，彼此竞争广告业务，降低成本，裁减员工。但从长远来看会引起最大变化的是新的卫星频道的出现，它们的部分资金来自广告收入，部分来自用户收视费。
1996 Passage 3
In the last half of the nineteenth century "capital" and "labour" were enlarging and perfecting their rival organisations on modern lines. Many an old firm was replaced by a limited liability company with a bureaucracy of salaried managers. The change met the technical requirements of the new age by engaging a large professional element and prevented the decline in efficiency that so commonly spoiled the fortunes of family firms in the second and third generation after the energetic founders. It was moreover a step away from individual initiative, towards collectivism and municipal and state-owned business. The railway companies, though still private business managed for the benefit of shareholders, were very unlike old family business. At the same time the great municipalities went into business to supply lighting, trams and other services to the taxpayers.
The growth of the limited liability company and municipal business had important consequences. Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased the numbers and importance of shareholders as a class, an element in national life representing irresponsible wealth detached from the land and the duties of the landowners; and almost equally detached from the responsible management of business. All through the nineteenth century, America, Africa, India, Australia and parts of Europe were being developed by British capital, and British shareholders were thus enriched by the world's movement towards industrialisation. Towns like Bournemouth and Eastbourne sprang up to house large "comfortable" classes who had retired on their incomes, and who had no relation to the rest of the community except that of drawing dividends and occasionally attending a shareholders' meeting to dictate their orders to the management. On the other hand "Shareholding" meant leisure and freedom which was used by many of the later Victorians for the highest purpose of a great civilization.
The "shareholders" as such had no knowledge of the lives, thoughts or needs of the workmen employed by the company in which he held shares, and his influence on the relations of capital and labour was not good. The paid manager acting for the company was in more direct relation with the men and their demands, but even he had seldom that familiar personal knowledge of the workmen which the employer had often had under the more patriarchal system of the old family business now passing away. Indeed the mere size of operations and the numbers of workmen involved rendered such personal relations impossible. Fortunately, however, the increasing power and organisation of the trade unions, at least in all skilled trades, enabled the workmen to meet on equal terms the managers of the companies who employed them. The cruel discipline of the strike and lockout taught the two parties to respect each other's strength and understand the value of fair negotiation.
59. It's true of the old family firms that ________.
[A] they were spoiled by the younger generations
[B] they failed for lack of individual initiative
[C] they lacked efficiency compared with modern companies
[D] they could supply adequate services to the taxpayers
60. The growth of limited liability companies resulted in ________.
[A] the separation of capital from management
[B] the ownership of capital by managers
[C] the emergence of capital and labour as two classes
[D] the participation of shareholders in municipal business
61. According to the passage, all of the following are true except that ________.
[A] the shareholders were unaware of the needs of the workers
[B] the old firm owners had a better understanding of their workers
[C] the limited liability companies were too large to run smoothly
[D] the trade unions seemed to play a positive role
62. The author is most critical of ________.
[A] family firm owners
[B] landowners
[C] managers
[D] shareholders
重点词汇：
bureaucracy ------------? （官僚主义；官僚机构；官僚）即bureau+cracy，bureau（署，局，司，处），cracy词根“统治”；参democracy，2000年Passage 5。Bureaucracy is a giant mechanism operated by pygmies.官僚政治是一种由侏儒操纵的庞大机构。bureaucracy — ①a continuing congregation of people who must act more or less as one ②the only form of human organization that can manage to pass a hot potato through a small crack ③the art of making the possible impossible 官僚主义——①一群人不断聚集在一起，因为他们多少必须像一个人那样行事 ②唯一一种能够通过小裂缝传递土豆的人类组织形式 ③变可能为不可能的艺术。
spoil ? （v.损害；溺爱）看作sp+oil，sp即缩写“专家”，oil石油，“专家溺爱石油”。We drink one another's healthes and spoil our own.我们为彼此的健康干杯而损害自身的健康。When you "spoil" a child you are practically saying, "I know you aren't capable of being civilized and considerate and contributing and I won't expect it of you."“宠”孩子的时候，你实际上是在说：“我知道要你有教养、为人着想和奉献都是做不到的，我也不指望你做到。”
collectivism ------------ （集体主义）←collect+iv(e)后缀+ism后缀表“主义”。
municipal ------------ ? （市的；市立的）与principal（首要的；负责人；本金）一起记；municipality ------------ ? （自治市；市政当局）←municipal+ity名词后缀。Our principal writers have nearly all been fortunate in escaping regular education.我们的大作家们几乎都幸运地躲过了正规教育。←注意例句是principal而不是municipal。
taxpayer ------------? （纳税人）←tax+payer。taxpayer — someone who works for the federal government but doesn't have to take a civil service examination 纳税人——为联邦政府工作，却不必参加文职雇员考试的人。
detach ? （v.分开）即de+tach，de-前缀“离开”，tach词根“连接”。同根词为attach（v.缚上；使依附）←at(=to)+tach。Every scene, even the commonest, is wonderful, if only one can detach oneself, casting off all memory of use and custom and beholding it as if for the first times.生活中的每个情景，甚至最普通的一幕，都是奇妙的——只要一个人能够离开自我，抛弃对习惯的全部记忆，就像第一次一样观察。
