▲此句的主句是schools are modifying their programs，后面是一个分词短语作状语，而在这个状语中又有两个定语从句who are exceptional和who cannot profit substantially from regular programs来修饰children。
△注意词组adapting instruction to children（使授课能够适应儿童），另外substantially是“真正地”的意思。
试题解析：
59. [A] 该选择项中“have much to do with”意为：与……有很大的关系，与……紧密相关。
文章中第2段第2句所举的这个例子旨在说明其他演员及场景对主演的重要作用，这个例子又用来说明本段第1句与第3句阐明的道理。
[B]的意思文章未提及。
[C]与作者所呼吁的应该去做的事相反。
[D]该选择项中“weigh much heavier than”意为：比……分量重得多，比……重要得多。由此可见该选择项的内容与文章的内容丝毫不相关。
60. [C] 该项意为：其潜能应得到充分的发展。
参阅文章第3段第3句，社会对特殊儿童接受普通教育的关注表明他们的主张：任何公民都应该得到使其潜能充分发展的机会。这也是整篇文章的主旨：教育应该有利于特殊儿童的成长（参阅第1段第2句以及第4段第3、5句）。
[A]与本文所主张的让特殊儿童平等受普通教育的思想格格不入，另外，从上下文来看，该文中所说的exceptional children是指残疾儿童（disabled/retarded children）。
[B]这与原文所传达的思想相违背。
[D]原文强调的是特殊儿童应得到平等受教育的机会以利于其能力的充分发展，而这个选择项强调对残疾儿童应区别对待，这与原文是不吻合的。
61. [D] 由对第60题的分析可以看出，本文主要在于说明改革目前的教育方式使之更有利于特殊儿童的成长的重要性（或必要性）。
[A]本文未列举儿童在学习能力方面存在哪些差别。
[B]本文也未对什么样的儿童称为特殊儿童进行界定。
[C]本文主要谈的是使目前的教育更适合特殊儿童的发展的重要性，但并没主张为他们设立一套特殊的教学计划，更没谈具体设立什么教学计划或项目。
62. [A] 参阅原文第4段第4句。句中confirm意为：认可，批准，使……有效。
[B]该选择项中disagree with意为：与……不一致。
从文章第4段第1、23句来看，该项表达的内容与事实相反。
[C]文章第4段第3句指出，国家的创始者们的人人平等这一思想也包含了儿童平等受教育的权利，但这并不意味着他们业已明确地表达了(clearly stated)对特殊儿童的教育的关怀。
[D]儿童平等受教育的权利已获得法律上的认可，法庭裁决也必须依法行事，因此，该项所表达的内容（将会对法庭的裁决起很大影响）是不正确的。
全文翻译：
特殊儿童与其他同龄的正常孩子相比有一些重要的不同之处。对于这些孩子来说，要使他们到成年时全部的潜力能得到开发，那么他们所受的教育就必须适应那些差异。
尽管我们关注的焦点是特殊儿童的需要，但我们发现自己也在描述他们的生活环境。当舞台上的主角吸引了我们的注意力后，我们也能意识到配角及剧目本身场景的重要性。特殊儿童所处的家庭及社会环境常常是他们成长和发展的关键。正是在公立学校里我们感受到了社会知性的充分体现——传授给下一代的知识、希望和恐惧。
任何社会的教育都是反映该社会的一面镜子。在这面镜子里，我们可以看到力量、弱点及文化本身。过去30年间公共教育所表现出的对特殊儿童的巨大关注表明了存在于我们社会中的那种强烈的感受，即所有公民，不论情况特殊与否，都应该得到全面发展其能力的机会。
“人人生来平等”这句话我们已听过无数次，但它对民主社会的教育仍然有着极其重要的寓意。尽管这句话被国家缔造者们用来预示法律面前人人平等，它也被解释为机会面前人人平等。这一概念暗示了所有儿童都有接受教育的机会——即每个儿童，不管其本身的能力大小与否，都有权利在学习上最大限度地得到帮助。最近的法庭裁决已再次确定了所有儿童——不论残疾与否——都有接受相适应的教育的权利，并已命令公立学校采取必要的措施来提供这种教育。作为回应，学校也在调整课程安排，使授课能够适应特殊儿童，适应那些不能从常规课程中真正获益的儿童的需要。
1994 Passage 4
"I have great confidence that by the end of the decade we'll know in vast detail how cancer cells arise," says microbiologist Robert Weinberg, an expert on cancer. "But," he cautions, "some people may have the idea that once one understands the causes, the cure will rapidly follow. Consider Pasteur. He discovered the causes of many kinds of infections, but it was fifty or sixty years before cures were available."
This year, 50 percent of the 910000 people who suffer from cancer will survive at least five years. In the year 2000, the National Cancer Institute estimates, that figure will be 75 percent. For some skin cancers, the five-year survival rate is as high as 90 percent. But other survival statistics are still discouraging — 13 percent for lung cancer, and 2 percent for cancer of the pancreas.
With as many as 120 varieties in existence, discovering how cancer works is not easy. The researchers made great progress in the early 1970s, when they discovered that oncogenes, which are cancer-causing genes, are inactive in normal cells. Anything from cosmic rays to radiation to diet may activate a dormant oncogene, but how remains unknown. If several oncogenes are driven into action, the cell, unable to turn them off, becomes cancerous.
The exact mechanisms involved are still mysterious, but the likelihood that many cancers are initiated at the level of genes suggests that we will never prevent all cancers. "Changes are a normal part of the evolutionary process," says oncologist William Hayward. Environmental factors can never be totally eliminated; as Hayward points out, "We can't prepare a medicine against cosmic rays."
The prospects for cure, though still distant, are brighter.
"First, we need to understand how the normal cell controls itself. Second, we have to determine whether there are a limited number of genes in cells which are always responsible for at least part of the trouble. If we can understand how cancer works, we can counteract its action."
63. The example of Pasteur in the passage is used to ________.
[A] predict that the secret of cancer will be disclosed in a decade
[B] indicate that the prospects for curing cancer are bright
[C] prove that cancer will be cured in fifty to sixty years
[D] warn that there is still a long way to go before cancer can be conquered
64. The author implies that by the year 2000, ________.
[A] there will be a drastic rise in the five-year survival rate of skin-cancer patients
[B] 90 percent of the skin-cancer patients today will still be living
[C] the survival statistics will be fairly even among patients with various cancers
[D] there won't be a drastic increase of survival rate of all cancer patients
65. Oncogenes are cancer-causing genes ________.
[A] that are always in operation in a healthy person
[B] which remain unharmful so long as they are not activated
[C] that can be driven out of normal cells
[D] which normal cell can't turn off
66. The word "dormant' in the third paragraph most probably means ________.
[A] dead
[B] ever-present
[C] inactive
[D] potential
重点词汇：
infection ------------ （传染；感染）即in+fect+ion，in-在内，fect词根“做”，-ion名词后缀，“在里面起作用”→感染；动词形式为infect←in+fect。参effective（有效的），2002年Text 1。Grief, like pleasure, infects the atmosphere. A first glance into any home is enough to tell you whether love or despair reigns there.忧伤与快乐一样，感染着气氛。无论哪一家，只要看上一眼，就足以得知主宰那里的是爱还是绝望。
pancreas ------------?（胰腺）看作pan+cr+eas，pan盘，cr看作crack，eas看作复数形式(es)，“许多盘破裂的胰腺”。
oncogene ------------ （致癌基因）←onco+gene，onco词根“肿瘤”，gene基因。
dormant （静止的；休眠的）即dorm+ant，dorm词根“睡觉”，-ant形容词后缀，“像睡觉那样的”→休眠的。同根词：dormitory→dorm+itory后缀表“地方”→睡觉的地方→（集体）宿舍。
oncologist ------------? （肿瘤学家）←onco+logist，onco词根“肿瘤”，-logist后缀“……学家”。
counteract ------------? （v.抵抗；消除）即counter+act，counter-前缀“反”（如counter-clockwise逆时针方向），act行动，故“反着行动”→抵抗。The doctor gave him some medicine to counteract the effect of the poison.医生给他一些药解毒。
ever-present 经常存在的。
难句解析：
①"But", he cautions, "some people may have the idea that once one understands the causes, the cure will rapidly follow. Consider Pasteur, he discovered the causes of many kinds of infections, but it was fifty or sixty years before cures were available."
▲此句是一个直接引语，注意引语中有两个句子，前面的句子有一个复杂的同位语从句that once one understands the causes, the cure will rapidly follow修饰the idea，而后面提到了一个例子，句中有一个but，它后面的it指代前面整句话。
△注意引语中两个句子之间的关系，后者是用来驳斥前面一句中那些人的错误想法的，作者在这里举的是一个反例。
②The researchers made great progress in the early 1970s, when they discovered that oncogenes, which are cancer-causing genes, are inactive in normal cells.
▲此句主句是The researchers made great progress in the early 1970s，后面有一个when引导的定语从句修饰the early 1970s，而在这个定语从句中还有一个宾语从句，在宾语从句中又有一个非限定性定语从句which are cancer-causing genes修饰oncogenes。
△注意此句中有超纲词oncogenes，但是我们可以从后面修饰它的定语从句推出其确切含义，这也是常用到的阅读方法之一，即可以用定语从句来反推所修饰词的意思。
③The exact mechanisms involved are still mysterious, but the likelihood that many cancers are initiated at the level of genes suggests that we will never prevent all cancers.
▲此句是用but连接的复合句，注意前面的involved表示“相关的”，而后面的半句的主干是the likelihood suggests that...，里面又包含有一个同位语从句和宾语从句。
△注意看清句子结构，而后面的likelihood表示“可能性”。
④Environmental factors can never be totally eliminated; as Hayward points out, "We can't prepare a medicine against cosmic rays."
▲此句用分号隔开，前面是一个简单的被动语态，而后面是一个直接引语。
△如果我们了解分号的用法，就知道它经常用来连接两个意思相仿或相对的句子。而在这里，分号后面的部分就是进一步说明前面的意思，那么我们也就知道cosmic rays是environmental factors的一个个例。
试题解析：
63. [D] 该项意为：提醒人们彻底战胜癌症的道路还很长。
本文第1段中所举的巴斯特的例子在于否定本段第2句提到的某些人的观点：一旦找到病因，治疗方法会立刻找到(rapidly follow)，而在于说明第4句中所阐明的道理。
[A]原文第1段第1句引用了Weinberg的话，他认为人们在近十年内会对癌症的病因有很大的了解，但这并不意味着会彻底揭开(disclose)癌症的秘密。另外，这也不是举巴斯特的例子所要说明的问题。
[B]意为：指出治愈癌症的前景是非常乐观的。本文作者相信这一点，但这并不是举巴斯特这个例子所要说明的观点。
[C]在巴斯特找到传染病病因五六十年之后，才找到治疗方法，但这并不意味着五六十年以后也肯定会找到治愈癌症的方法。
64. [D] 意为：各种癌症患者的平均存活率不会有大幅度的增加。
文章第二段用数据说明了能够继续生活五年以上的病人的数量的比例，这一比例增加是可喜的，但能完全从病魔中生存下来的人仍然不会有大幅度的增加。
[A]文章只提到了目前可以存活五年的皮肤癌病人的比例是90％（注意文章原句用的是一般现在时），但未提到2000年将会怎样。
[B]由对[A]项的分析可以看出，考生无法了解2000年有多大比例的癌症病人还健在。
[C]本题中“fairly even”意为“基本不变”。对这项所表达的内容也无法证实。在解释[D]项时，我们曾指出各种癌症患者的平均存活率不会有大幅度的增加，但这并不意味着根本没有增加。
65. [B] “activate”在此意为“激活，使活动起来”。
文章第3段第4句指出：如果几个致癌基因(oncogene)被激活，细胞又无法抵御它们的侵害的话，细胞就会发生癌变。
[A]参阅文章第3段第2句。该项表达的内容与事实相反。
[C]文章第3段指出，致癌基因存在于健康细胞(normal cells)中。
[D]原文第3段第4句“unable to turn them off”只表达了一个假设，相比之下，[D]表达的是一个事实。
66. [C] “dormant”意为“潜伏的”，与第3段第2句中“inactive”一词是同义。
[A]“dead”的意思不对。
[B]“ever-present”意为“无时无处不在”也不对。
[D]“potential”意为“潜在的”，与同一句中“activate”(make... active)的意思不搭配。
全文翻译：
“我有极大的信心相信到这个十年期结束时我们将会详尽地知晓癌细胞的生成原因，”微生物学家罗伯特·温伯格，一位癌症专家如此说道，“但是，”他又告诫说，“有些人认为一旦人们弄清了病因，治疗方法很快就会跟上。其实不然，想想法国细菌学家巴斯德，他发现了许多传染病的成因，但治疗方法却在五六十年后才问世。”
今年，91万癌症患者中有一半将至少再活5年。国家癌症研究所估计，到2000年存活率将升至75％。现在对于一些皮肤癌来说，5年期存活率高达90％，但其他类型癌症的存活数据却仍令人沮丧——肺癌13％，胰腺癌2％。
癌症现有种类多达120多种，发现其规律实属不易。研究人员在70年代早期取得了很大进展，他们发现导致癌症的癌基因在正常细胞里是不活跃的。从宇宙射线、辐射到日常饮食，任何东西都可能激活一个处于静止状态下的致癌基因，但如何激活尚不为人知。如果若干癌基因被激活，细胞无力排除也就演变成了癌细胞。
导致癌变的确切机制仍是个谜，但许多癌症始于基因这一可能性表明我们将永远不能预防所有癌症。“变化是进化过程中的一个正常部分，”肿瘤专家威廉·海沃德说道。环境因素永远无法完全消除，正如海沃德所指出的那样：“我们无法准备出一种抗宇宙射线的药。”
治癌前景尽管遥远，但已越来越明朗。
“首先，我们需要了解正常细胞如何控制自己。其次，我们必须查明细胞中是否有一定数量的基因对至少部分麻烦总是负有责任。如果我们能弄清癌症的活动规律，我们就能采取相应的措施。”
1994 Passage 5
Discoveries in science and technology are thought by "untaught minds" to come in blinding flashes or as the result of dramatic accidents. Sir Alexander Fleming did not, as legend would have it, look at the mold on a piece of cheese and get the idea for penicillin there and then. He experimented with antibacterial substances for nine years before he made his discovery. Inventions and innovations almost always come out of laborious trial and error. Innovation is like soccer; even the best players miss the goal and have their shots blocked much more frequently than they score.
The point is that the players who score most are the ones who take the most shots at the goal — and so it goes with innovation in any field of activity. The prime difference between innovators and others is one of approach. Everybody gets ideas, but innovators work consciously on theirs, and they follow them through until they prove practicable or otherwise. What ordinary people see as fanciful abstractions, professional innovators see as solid possibilities.
"Creative thinking may mean simply the realization that there's no particular virtue in doing things the way they have always been done," wrote Rudolph Flesch, a language authority. This accounts for our reaction to seemingly simple innovations like plastic garbage bags and suitcases on wheels that make life more convenient: "How come nobody thought of that before?"
The creative approach begins with the proposition that nothing is as it appears. Innovators will not accept that there is only one way to do anything. Faced with getting from A to B, the average person will automatically set out on the best-known and apparently simplest route. The innovator will search for alternate courses, which may prove easier in the long run and are bound to be more interesting and challenging even if they lead to dead ends.
Highly creative individuals really do march to a different drummer.
67. What does the author probably mean by "untaught mind" in the first paragraph?
[A] A person ignorant of the hard work involved in experimentation.
[B] A citizen of a society that restricts personal creativity.
[C] A person who has had no education.
[D] An individual who often comes up with new ideas by accident.
68. According to the author, what distinguishes innovators from non-innovators?
[A] The variety of ideas they have.
[B] The intelligence they possess.
[C] The way they deal with problems.
[D] The way they present their findings.
69. The author quotes Rudolph Flesch in Paragraph 3 because ________.
[A] Rudolph Flesch is the best-known expert in the study of human creativity
[B] the quotation strengthens the assertion that creative individuals look for new ways of doing things
[C] the reader is familiar with Rudolph Flesch's point of view
[D] the quotation adds a new idea to the information previously presented
70. The phrase "march to a different drummer" (the last line of the passage) suggests that highly creative individuals are ________.
[A] diligent in pursuing their goals
[B] reluctant to follow common ways of doing things
[C] devoted to the progress of science
[D] concerned about the advance of society
重点词汇：
mold ? 霉菌。
penicillin ------------ （青霉素）音译：盘尼西林。
antibacterial ------------ ? （抗菌的；抗菌药）即anti+bacteria+(a)l，anti-前缀“抗”，bacteria细菌，-al后缀。
innovator ------------? （创新者）即in+nov+at(e)+or，in-加强前缀，nov词根=new（元音字母替换，形近字母替换），-ate动词后缀，-or后缀表“人”，故“使事物更新的人”→创新者。同根词：novel（小说；新奇的）←nov+el后缀。
diligent ------------? （勤奋的）即di+lig+ent，di-前缀“分离”，lig词根“选择”，-ent形容词后缀，联想：许多黑白两色的芝麻混杂在一起，能把它们“选择”“分离”出来的人，是非常“勤奋的”。同根词：intelligently（聪明地，明智地），见1996年Passage 1。
reluctant ------------? （不愿的，勉强的）即re+luct+ant，re-看作“反复”，luct可看作词根lect“选择”，-ant形容词后缀，人们都不愿反反复复地作选择，所以“反复选择”→不愿的。Suggestion systems can work — don't be reluctant to use them.建议制度是有效的——不要不愿使用它们。
devote ? （v.奉献，致力于）即de+vote，de拼音“得”，vote单词“选票”，那些希望“得选票”的人都声称自己将“献身于”某项事业。Only to devote oneself to the society can find the significance of the actually short and risky life.人生实际上是短暂而有风险的，只有献身于社会，才能找到其意义。
难句解析：
①Discoveries in science and technology are thought by "untaught minds" to come in blinding flashes or as the result of dramatic accidents.
▲本句的主干是Discoveries are thought by... to do sth. or as sth.。在句中by "untaught minds"后面有两个并列的用or连接起来的结构作为被认为的对象。
△要理解本句，就首先要知道"untaught minds"的是指那些“对科学实验的艰辛过程不了解的人”；而blinding flashes指“眩目的一瞬”，其实意思相当于汉语中的“灵光一闪”。
②Sir Alexander Fleming did not, as legend would have it, look at the mold on a piece of cheese and get the idea for penicillin there and then.
▲本句的主干是Sir Alexander Fleming did not... look at and get the idea...。中间两个逗号隔开的部分是一个插入成分，并不影响阅读。
△要理解本句，就要对科学史有一定的了解，弗莱明爵士发明了青霉素penicillin；而there and then表示“当时当地”，用来强调人们传说的活灵活现。
③Innovation is like soccer; even the best players miss the goal and have their shots blocked much more frequently than they score.
▲本句的主干是由分号隔开的两个分句，后半句比较复杂，主语是the best players有两个并列的谓语miss和have their shot blocked，后面有一个比较结构。
△复习分号的用法，就知道后半句是补充说明前半句的。
④The point is that the players who score most are the ones who take the most shots at the goal — and so it goes with innovation in any field of activity.
▲本句由两个并列句构成，前面的一个的表语比较复杂，里面还有两个定语从句，分别修饰表语从句的主语和表语。破折号后面的结构较简单。
△理解so it goes的意思是理解本句的重点，它表示“同样的道理，同理，……也一样”。注意在本句和上一句中作者都把发明创造比喻为踢足球，而把发明家比喻为足球运动员。
