一、考研论说文框架结构：3段，12句，160－200词，5－7个关联词，5－7个从句
（一） 第一段：引言起始淘金段，图画描述，3句
1、 总体描述：人物动物事物＋动作＋环境，1句
2、 挖掘细节词、串连成句：1－2句
3、 文字说明象征寓意：1句
（二） 第二段：主体段，意义阐释，5句
1、 主题句：象征寓意，1句
2、 论证：3句
1） 因果论证：2007年考题见教材P.21，2008年考题见P.22
We are facingencountering differentvarious kind of difficultieschallenges.
Competition is becoming increasingly fierce.
Everyone has his or her own advantagesbenefits and disadvantagesshortcomings.
We are lack of experience
Stresspressure
2） 举例论证：
A. Numerous examples can be given, but thisthese will suffice.
B. I can think of no better illustration than the following one(s).
C. ThisThese case(s) effectively clarify that…
3） 联系现实：图画作文创作原则（以小见大，把握象征寓意，个体想为群体，具体想为抽象）
2002年考题参见教材P.18
The American girl represents a great many foreigners.
The traditional Chinese costume symbolizes Chinese culture.
The fact that the American girl wears traditional Chinese costume indicates that national culture can be accepted internationally.
4） 正反论证
3、 小结：1句，概括论证，总结本段
（三） 第三段：结论段，建议措施，4句
1、 结论句：1句
2、 针对双方提建议：2句
3、 包装结尾、展望未来：1句
Only in this way can we solve this problem.
It is high time that we solved this problem.
二、启承转合：
（一） 启：启动观点、开篇点题
（二） 承：观点承接、正面论证
1、 First(ly), In the first place, First and foremost, Above all, On the one hand, For one thing,
2、 Second(ly), In the second place, Besides, In addition, What is more, Furthermore, Moreover, On the other hand, For another
3、 Third(ly), (The) Last but not (the) least, More importantly, Even worse,
（三） 转：观点转折、反面论证
Conversely, Nevertheless, Unfortunately, Whereas, Yet, Instead, InBy comparisoncontrast, On the contrary
（四） 合：文章结尾、合并归纳
As a resultconsequence, Consequently, Accordingly, Thus, Hence, GenerallyBriefly speaking,
