第五章 一般和最后条款

第三十二条

运输合同的任何条款和在损失发生以前的任何特别协议，如果运输合同各方借以违背本公约的规则，无论是选择所适用的法律或变更管辖权的规定，都不生效力。但在本公约的范围内，货物运输可以有仲裁条款，如果这种仲裁在第二十八条（１）款所规定的法院管辖地区进行。

第三十三条

本公约并不妨碍承运人拒绝签订任何运输合同或制订同本公约条款不相抵触的规章。

第三十四条

本公约不适用于航空运输机构为了开设正式航线进行试航的国际航空运输，也不适用于超出正常航空运输业务以外的特殊情况下进行的运输。

第三十五条

本公约所用的“日”是指连续日，而不是指工作日。

第三十六条

本公约以法文写成一份，存放在波兰外交部档案库，并由波兰政府将正式认证的副本送各缔约国政府。

第三十七条

一、本公约须经批准。批准书应该存放在波兰外交部档案库，并由波兰外交部通知各缔约国政府。

二、本公约一经五个缔约国批准，在第五件批准书交存后第九十天起，就在批准国之间生效。以后于每一批准国交存批准书后的第九十天起在交存国和已批准的各国间生效。

三、波兰共和国政府应将本公约开始生效日期和每一批准书交存日期通知缔约国政府。

第三十八条

一、本公约生效后，任何国家可以随时加入。

二、加入本公约，须以通知书送交波兰共和国政府，由波兰共和国政府通知各缔约国政府。

三、加入本公约，在通知书送达波兰共和国政府后第九十天起生效。

第三十九条

一、任何缔约国可以书面通知波兰共和国政府，声明退出本公约，波兰共和国政府应立即通知各缔约国政府。

二、退出本公约，在通知退出后满六个月时生效，并只对声明退出的国家生效。

第四十条

一、缔约国在签字时，或交存批准书时或通知加入时，可以声明所接受的本公约不适用于其所属全部或部分殖民地、保护地、委任统治地或其他在其主权或权力管辖下的任何领土或其他在其宗主权管辖下的任何领土。

二、缔约国以后可以用原来声明除外的所属全部或部分殖民地、保护地、委任统治地或其他在其主权或权力管辖下的任何领土或其他在其宗主权管辖下的任何领土的名义，分别加入。

三、缔约国也可以根据本公约的规定，分别为其所属全部或部分殖民地、保护地、委任统治地或其他在其主权或权力管辖下的任何领土或其他在其宗主权管辖下的任何领土声明退出本公约。

第四十一条

各缔约国可以在本公约生效两年后，要求召开一次新的国际会议，以寻求本公约可能的改进。为此目的，该国应通知法兰西共和国政府，由法兰西共和国政府采取必要措施以筹备该会议。

本公约于１９２９年１０月１２日在华沙签订。签字截止期限为１９３０年１月３１日。

附加议定书（关于第二条）

缔约国在批准或加入时，保留声明本公约第二条（１）款不适用于其国家、其殖民地、保护地、委任统治地或在其主权、宗主权或权力管辖下任何其他领土所直接办理的国际航空运输的权利。

§1.3航空公司主运单背书内容及含义

授课目的:了解主运单背书的内容，当客户发生运输方面异议时，根据背书协议内 容，给客户以解释，必要时诉诸于法律，以保护公司或客户权益

授课内容：

INTERNATIONAL SHIPMENT CONTRACT

NOTICE CONCERNING CARRIERS LIMITATION OF LIABILITY

If the carriage involves an ultimate destination or stop in a country other than the country of departure the Warsaw Convention may be applicable and the Convention governs and in most cases limits the liability of the carrier in respect of loss, damage, or delay to cargo to 250 French gold francs per kilogram, unless a higher value is declared in advance by the shipper and a supplementary charge paid if required.

The liability limit of 250 French gold francs per kilogram is approximately USD 20.00 per kilogram on the basis of USD 42.22 per ounce of gold.

CONDITIONS OF CONTRACT

1. As used in this contract “carrier” means all air carriers that carry or undertake to carry the goods hereunder or perform any other services incidental to such air carriage. “Warsaw Convention” means the Convention for the Unification of certain Rules relating to international Carriage by Air, signed at Warsaw, 12 October 1929, or that Convention as amended at The Hague, 28 September 1955, which ever may be applicable, and “French gold francs” means francs consisting of 65.5 milligrams of gold with a fineness of nine hundred thousandths.

2. /2.1 Carriage hereunder is subject to the rules relating to liability established by the Warsaw Convention unless such carriage is not “international carriage” as defined by that Convention.

2.2 To the extent not in conflict with the foregoing, carriage hereunder and other services performed by each carrier are subject to:

2.2.1 applicable laws(including national laws implementing the Convention), government regulations, orders and requirements.

2.2.2 provisions herein set forth, and

2.2.3 applicable tariffs, rules, conditions of carriage, regulations and timetables (but not the times of departure and arrival therein) of such carrier, which are made part hereof and which may be inspected at any of its offices and at airports from which it operates regular services. In transportation between a place in the United States or Canada and any place outside thereof the applicable tariffs are the tariffs in force in those countries.

3. The first carrier’s name may be abbreviated on the face hereof, the full name and its abbreviation being set forth in such carrier’s tariffs, conditions of carriage, regulations and timetables. The first carrier’s address is the airport of departure shown on the face hereof. The agreed stopping places (which may be altered by carrier in case of necessity) are those places, except the place of departure and the place of destination, set forth on the face hereof or shown in carrier’s timetables as scheduled stopping places for the route. Carriage to be performed hereunder by several successive carriers is regarded as single operation.

4. Except as otherwise provided in carrier’s tariffs or conditions of carriage, in carriage to which the Warsaw Convention does not apply carriers liability shall not exceed USD 20.00 or the equivalent per kilogram of goods lost, damaged or delayed, unless a higher value is declared by the shipper and a supplementary charge paid.

5. If the sum entered on the face of the air waybill as “Declared Value for Carriage” represents an amount in excess of the applicable limits of liability referred to in the above Notice and in these Conditions and if the shipper has paid any supplementary charge that may be required by the carrier’s tariffs, conditions of carriage or regulations, this shall constitute a special declaration of value and in this case carrier’s limit of liability shall be the sum so declared. Payment of claims shall be subject to proof of actual damages suffered.

6. In cases of loss, damage or delay of part of the consignment, the weight to be taken into account in determining carrier’s limit of liability shall be only the weight of the package or packages concerned.

Note:

Notwithstanding any other provision, for foreign air transportation as defined in the U.S. Federal Aviation Act as amended, in case of loss or damage or delay of a shipment or part thereof, the weight to be used in determining the carrier’s limit of liability shall be the weight which is used (or a pro rata share in the case of a part shipment loss, damage or delay) to determine the transportation charge for such shipment.

7. Any exclusion or limitation of liability applicable to carrier shall apply to and be for the benefit of carrier’s agents, servants and representatives and any person whose aircraft is used by carrier for carriage and its agents, servants and representatives. For purpose of this provision carrier acts herein as agent for all such persons.

8./8.1 Carrier undertakes to complete the carriage hereunder with reasonable dispatch. Carrier may use alternate carriers or aircraft and may without notice and with due regard to the interests of the shipper use other means of transportation. Carrier is authorised by shipper to select the routing and all intermediate stopping places that it deems appropriate or to change or deviate from the routing shown on the face hereof. This sub-paragraph is not applicable to/from USA.

8.2 Carrier undertakes to complete the carriage hereunder with reasonable dispatch. Except within USA where carrier tariffs will apply, carrier may use alternate carriers or aircraft and may without notice and with due regard to the interests of the shipper use other means of transportation. Carrier is authorised by Shipper to select the routing and all intermediate stopping places that it deems appropriate or to change or deviate from the routing shown on the face hereof. This sub-paragraph is applicable only to/from USA.

9. Subject to the conditions herein, the carrier shall be liable for the goods during the period they are in its charge or the charge of its agent.

10./10.1 Except when the carrier has extended credit to the consignee without the written consent of the shipper, the shipper guarantees payment of all charges for carriage due in accordance with carrier’s tariffs, conditions of carriage and related regulations applicable laws (including national laws implementing the Convention), government regulations, orders and requirements.

10.2 When no part of the consignment is delivered, a claim with respect to such consignment will be entertained even though transportation charges thereon are unpaid.

11.Norice of arrival of goods will be given promptly to the consignee or to the person indicated on the face hereof as the person to be notified. On arrival of the goods at the place of destination, subject to the acceptance of other instructions from the shipper prior to arrival of the goods at the place of destination, delivery will be made to, or in accordance with the instructions of the consignee. If the consignee declines to accept the goods or cannot be communicated with, disposition will be in accordance with instructions of the shipper.

12./12.1 The person entitled to delivery must make a complaint to the carrier in writing in the case.

12.1.1 of visible damage to the goods, immediately after discovery of the damage and at the latest within fourteen (14) days from receipt of the goods;

12.1.2 of other damage to the goods, within fourteen (14) days from the date of receipt of the goods;

12.1.3 of delay, within twenty-one (21) days of the date the goods are placed at his disposal; and

12.1.4 of non-delivery of the goods, within one hundred and twenty (120) days from the date of the issue of the air waybill.

12.2 For the purpose of 12.1 complaint in writing may be made to the carrier whose air waybill was used, or to the first carrier or to the first carrier or to the last carrier or to the carrier who performed the transportation during which the loss, damage or delay took place.

12.3 Any rights to damages against carrier shall be extinguished unless an action is brought within two years from the date of arrival at the destination, or from the date on which the aircraft ought to have arrived, or from the date on which the transportation stopped.

13. The shipper shall comply with all applicable laws and government regulations of any country to, from, through or over which the goods may be carried, including those relating to the packing, carriage or delivery of the goods, and shall furnish such information and attach such documents to this air waybill as may be necessary to comply with such laws and regulations. Carrier is not liable to the shipper for loss or expense due to the shipper’s failure to comply with this provision.

14. No agent, servant or representative of carrier has authority to alter, modify or waive any provisions of this contract.

15. If carrier offers insurance and such insurance is insurance is requested, and if the appropriate premium is paid and the fact recorded on the face hereof, the goods covered by this air waybill are insured under an open policy for the amount requested as set out on the face hereof (recovery being limited to the actual value of goods lost or damaged provided that such amount does not exceed the insured value). The insurance is subject to the terms, conditions and coverage (from which certain risks are excluded) of the open policy, which is available for inspection at an office of the issuing carrier by the interested party. Claims under such policy must be reported immediately to an office of carrier.

SPECIAL NOTICE CONCERNING INTERNATIONAL EXPRESSfreight SERVIECE

International EXPRESSfreight Service is not available between all locations. Please call Federal Express Customer Service for complete details and restrictions.

SPECIAL NOTICE CONCERNING CHARGEABLE WEIGHT

As per applicable tariff rules, chargeable weight is either actual gross weight or volume weight, whichever is greater. Shipper is hereby placed on notice that the Carrier may reweigh or measure shipments and/or apply oversize or outside piece rules, and make appropriate changes to the chargeable weight entry made by the shipper. These changes will be made, when applicable, without prior notification to the shipper unless instructions to contrary are explicitly set out on the face of the Air Waybill.

§1.5 ICAO舱单及7509舱单的规定及用途

授课目的:了解以上两种舱单的使用方法和用途

授课内容：

舱单是将一票主单下，所含分单的明细。

舱单的用途：

1. 供海关查核、放行用

2. 给航空公司装载核对使用

3. 航空公司和海关核销使用

4. 目的地海关核对放行用

两种舱单的区别：

ICAO舱单是国际民用航空组织制订的，供其会员使用的舱单；7509舱单是美国专用的舱单。

1.2基本知识二(2.5 HOURS)

§1.2.1 IATA业务分区及时区计算

授课目的:了解IATA业务分区及时区计算方法、飞行时间计算方法

授课内容：

一、IATA区域的划分。

为了计算国际航空货物运价，IATA把世界划分为三个区域;

1、 IATA 1区: 南北美洲

包括南北美洲大陆及相邻岛屿，格陵兰岛、百慕大群岛，西印度群岛和加勒比海群岛，夏威夷群岛(包括中途岛和帕尔米拉岛)。

分区:

*加勒比海分区

a.美国(除了波多黎哥和美属维尔京群岛)和巴哈马，百慕大加勒比海群岛，圭亚那，苏利南，法属圭亚那之间。

b.加拿大/墨西哥和巴哈马，百慕大，加勒比海群岛(包括波多黎哥和维尔京群岛)，圭亚那，苏利南，法属圭亚那之间。

c.ⅰ)在巴哈马群岛、百慕大群岛和加勒比海岛屿(包括波多黎哥和维尔京群岛)以内。

ⅱ)cⅰ中所述地区与圭亚那、苏利南、和法属圭亚那之间。

*墨西哥分区:

加拿大/美国(不包括波多黎哥、维尔京群岛)和墨西哥之间。

*狭长地带分区:

① 美国、加拿大、墨西哥和中美洲、南美洲之间。

② 在巴哈马、百慕大、加勒比海群岛、圭亚那、苏里南、法属圭亚那和中美之间。

③ 在中美洲和南美之间。

④ 在中美洲区域内。

注:为了使加勒比海和狭长地带的定义更明朗，规定如下:

——加勒比海群岛包括安圭拉(英属)、安提爪和巴布达、阿鲁巴(荷)、巴巴多斯、本内尔、英属维尔京群岛、开曼群岛(英)、古巴、酷拉索岛、多米尼加联邦，多米尼加共和国、格林那达、瓜德罗普岛(法)，海地、牙买加、马提尼克、蒙特塞拉特岛(英)、圣基茨岛(尼维斯岛、安挂拉)圣卢西亚、圣马丁、圣文森特和格林讷丁斯、多巴哥和特黑尼达、特克斯群岛(英)和凯克斯群岛(英)。

——中美洲：包括伯利兹、哥斯达黎加;萨尔瓦多、危地马拉、洪都拉斯，尼加拉瓜。

——南美洲：阿根廷、玻利维亚、巴西、智利、哥伦比亚、厄瓜多尔、巴拿马、巴拉圭、秘鲁、乌拉圭、委内瑞拉。

2、IATA 2区 欧洲、非洲

欧洲（包括俄罗斯欧洲部分）及相邻岛屿：冰岛、亚速尔群岛；非洲以及相邻岛屿，阿森松岛、西亚（中东）包括伊朗。

*欧洲分区：

阿尔巴尼亚，阿尔及利亚，安道尔，亚美尼亚，奥地利，阿塞拜疆，亚速尔群岛，比利时，白俄罗斯，保加利亚，克鲁尼亚，捷克共和国，斯洛伐克，丹麦，爱沙尼亚，芬兰，法国，格鲁吉亚，德国，直布罗陀，希腊，匈牙利，冰岛，爱尔兰，意大利，拉托尼亚，立陶宛，列支敦士登，卢森堡，马德拉群岛，马耳他，摩尔多瓦，摩纳哥，摩洛哥，荷兰，挪威，波兰，葡萄牙，罗马尼亚，俄罗斯（乌拉尔山脉以西），圣马力诺，斯洛文尼亚，西班牙，瑞典，突尼斯，土耳其，（包括欧洲部分）乌克兰，英国，南斯拉夫。

*中东分区；

巴林，塞浦路斯，埃及，伊朗，伊拉克，以色列，约旦，科威特，黎巴嫩，阿曼，卡塔尔，沙特阿拉伯，苏丹，叙利亚，阿联酋，也门。

*非洲分区：

中部非洲，东部非洲，印度洋岛屿，阿拉伯加买黑利亚，科比亚地区，南部非洲和西非。

——中非:马拉维，赞比亚，津巴布韦。

——东非:布隆迪。吉布提，埃塞俄比亚，肯尼亚，卢旺达，索马里，坦桑尼亚，乌干达。

——南部非洲:波茨旺达，莱索托，莫桑比克，南非纳米比亚，斯危士兰和Um-ta-ta。

——印度洋群岛:摩罗，马达加斯加，毛里求斯，马约特，留尼汪岛，塞舌尔岛。

——西非:安哥拉，贝宁，布基纳法索，喀麦隆，佛得角，中非共和国，乍得，刚果，科特迪瓦，赤道几内亚，马里坦尼亚，尼日尔，尼日利亚，圣多美，普林西比，塞内加尔，塞拉里昂，多哥，扎伊尔。

3、IATA 3区 亚洲及大洋区

亚洲及相邻岛屿(不包括已经在2区地区)，东印度群岛，澳大利亚，新西兰及相邻岛屿。太平洋内岛屿（不包括已经在1区内地区）。

*南亚次大陆分区:

阿富汗，孟加拉国，不丹，(包括安达曼群岛)马尔代夫，尼帕尔，巴基斯坦，斯里兰卡，印度。

*东南亚分区:

文莱，柬埔寨，中国，关岛，香港，印度尼西亚，哈萨克斯坦，吉尔吉斯坦，老挝，马来西亚，马绍尔群岛，密克罗克尼西亚联邦，蒙古，缅甸，北马里亚那群岛，贝劳，菲律宾，俄罗斯(乌拉尔山脉以东)，新加坡，台湾，塔吉克斯坦，泰国，土库曼斯坦，乌兹别克斯坦，越南。

*西南太平洋分区:

东萨摩亚(美)，澳大利亚，库克群岛，裴济群岛，法属波黑尼西亚，基里巴斯，瑙鲁，新喀里多尼亚，新西兰，巴布亚新几内亚，西萨摩亚，索罗门群岛，汤加……

*日本/朝鲜分区:

日本，朝鲜。(TACTl.2.1)

二、时区和飞行时间的计算方法

标准时和夏令时

大家知道，地球一刻不停地自西向东旋转，为了确定一个统一的标准，将东西经7°30′划分为一个时区称为格林威治标准时区（Greenwich Mean Time）又称UTC-Universal Time Coordinated.

每一小格表示一小时，如要求计算两点间的时差，只要数一下有几个空格即可。在某些特定的场合，如一个国家或一群岛屿内为了得到统一的当地时间，这一理论体系早已被采纳，这些当地时间是由法律规定的，称为“标准时”-“Standard Clock Time”。

有些国家在夏季使用“夏令时”-“Daylight Saving Time”简称“DST”使用时有一定期限，查阅时应注意。

§1.5 CAF计算方法及进出口结算汇率与银行买入、卖出汇率间关系

授课目的:通过了解汇率基本知识，推动进出口汇率标准化，降低汇损造成的利益损失，提高操作获利率

授课内容：

一、 标准汇率结算规则：

1) 进口到付运费代收：

A) 加收“COD Fee”（货到付款手续费），计费标准以空运中心定期发布标准为准，目前暂定为代收运费额的2%，最低不少于50元/票（国际标准通常为代收运费额的3-5%），具体计算方法如下：

COD Fee = 代收运费金额 × 2% ≧ 50元，等额收取；

COD Fee = 代收运费金额 × 2% ﹤ 50元，按50元/票收取；

B) 如果空运中心发布通知加收“CAF Fee”（汇率调整附加费）并同时发布CAF Fee收取标准比率，则以运费总额乘以CAF后相应加入收取运费当中，具体计算方法如下：

CAF Fee =运费金额 × CAF（汇率调整常数，由空运中心制订发布）

国外账单应如下填写：

例： 运费= 10000 USD

CAF=0.97% CAF FEE= 97 USD

TOTAL DUE DTW= 10097 USD

2) 进口到付货款代收：