[2] Roosevelt,“Campaign Address in Portland,Oregon on Public Utilities and Development of Hydro-electric Power”;William M.Emmons III,“Franklin D.Roosevelt,Electric Utilities,and the Power of Competition,”The Journal of Economic History 53,4 (1993): 880.
[3] Roosevelt,“Hydro-electric Power.”
[4] Roosevelt,“Hydro-electric Power.”
[5] “The Regulation of Public-Utility Companies,”Securities and Exchange Commission,1995,1,19–20,accessed October 1,2016,<http://www.sec.gov/news/studies/puhc.txt>.
[6] W.S.Murray,A Superpower System for the Region between Boston and Washington(Washington,DC: Government Printing Office,1921),9–10
[7] Murray,A Superpower System,14.
[8] Murray,A Superpower System,13–14.
[9] Murray,A Superpower System,tables 71 and 63.
[10] Gifford Pinchot,“Introduction,”Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 118 (1925): vii,ix.
[11] Pinchot,“Introduction,” ix–x.
[12] Morris Llewellyn Cooke,“Giant Power and Coal,”Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 111 (1924): 213,216–17;Thomas Park Hughes,“Technology and Public Policy: The Failure of Giant Power,”Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers 64,no.9 (1976): 1363–64.
[13] Cooke,“Giant Power and Coal,” 213;Hughes,“Technology and Public Policy,”1365.
[14] Pinchot,“Introduction,” ix–x.
[15] Roosevelt,“Hydro-electric Power.”
[16] Roosevelt,“Hydro-electric Power.”
[17] Roosevelt,“Hydro-electric Power.”
[18] Roosevelt,“Hydro-electric Power.”
[19] Roosevelt,“Hydro-electric Power.”
[20] Roosevelt,“Hydro-electric Power.”
[21] Roosevelt,“Hydro-electric Power.”
[22] Roosevelt,“Hydro-electric Power.”
[23] Roosevelt,“Hydro-electric Power.”
[24] Roosevelt,“Hydro-electric Power.”
[25] Loretto Mersh,“The Presidential Campaign of 1932” (master’s thesis,Loyola University Chicago,1937),79–80,84–85,87.
[26] Franklin D.Roosevelt,“Annual Message to Congress,”The American Presidency Project,January 4,1935.
[27] Ben S.Bernanke,“The Macroeconomics of the Great Depression: A Comparative Approach,”National Bureau of Economic Research,working paper no.4813,August 1994,accessed October 1,2016,<http://www.nber.org/papers/w4814>.
[28] “A Report of the National Power Policy Committee with Respect to the Treatment of Holding Companies,” Document 137,(March 12,1935): 1–3.
[29] “A Report of the National Power Policy Committee with Respect to the Treatment of Holding Companies,” 4.
[30] “Utility Corporations: Summary Report of the Federal Trade Commission,”letter of transmittal,chapter two,Growth and Importance of Electric and Gas Industries.
[31] “Utility Corporations: Summary Report of the Federal Trade Commission,”38,table 12.
[32] “Utility Corporations: Summary Report of the Federal Trade Commission,”40.
[33] “Utility Corporations: Summary Report of the Federal Trade Commission,”43,table 13,44,56.
[34] “Utility Corporations: Summary Report of the Federal Trade Commission,”43.
[35] Public Utility Holding Company Act of 1935: Hearings before the Committee on Interstate Commerce,9.
[36] “Utility Corporations: Summary Report of the Federal Trade Commission,”838,840–41,844.
[37] “Utility Corporations: Summary Report of the Federal Trade Commission,”849.
[38] Robert E.Healy,“Section 11 of the Public Utility Holding Company Act,”Securities and Exchange Commission,November 5,1941,3–5.
[39] Edward C.Eicher,“Address,Annual Convention,Edison Electric Institute,Buffalo,New York,”Securities and Exchange Commission,June 5,1941,1–2,accessed October 1,2016,<https://www.sec.gov/news/speech/1941/060541eicher.pdf>.
[40] Eicher,“Address,Annual Convention” 2,4,6.
[41] Eicher,“Address,Annual Convention” 7.
[42] Eicher,“Address,Annual Convention” 6–8.
[43] Donald C.Cook,“Some Comments on the Current Utility Scene,New York Society of Security Analysts,New York City,New York,”Securities and Exchange Commission,March 29,1950,1–2,4,accessed October 1,2016,<http://www.sec.gov/news/speech/speecharchive/1950speech.shtml>.
[44] Cook,“Some Comments on the Current Utility Scene,” 10.
[45] “Twenty-Fifth Annual Report of the Securities and Exchange Commission Fiscal Year Ended June 30,1959,”Securities and Exchange Commission,January 6,1960,page 123,accessed October 1,2016,<https://www.sec.gov/about/annual_report/1959.pdf>.
[46] “Fifteenth Annual Report of the Federal Power Commission,” no.332 (1935),1.
[47] “Fifteenth Annual Report of the Federal Power Commission,” 1 on the Attleboro Gap,see,for example,Frank R.Lindh and Thomas W.Bone Jr.,“State Jurisdiction over Distributed Generators,”Energy Law Journal 34,no.2(2013): 499–539.
[48] “Fifteenth Annual Report of the Federal Power Commission,” 2;for original law and language,see “16 U.S.Code Chapter 12—Federal Regulation and Development of Power,”Cornell University Law School,(hereafter FPA),accessed October 1,2016,<https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16/824>.For updated language and amendments,see FPA at page 37,accessed October 1,2016,<http://legcounsel.house.gov/Comps/Federal%20 Power%20Act.pdf>.
[49] “FPA,” 42,45.
[50] “Twentieth Annual Report of the Federal Power Commission,” no.21 (1940),1–2.
[51] “Twentieth Annual Report of the Federal Power Commission,” 9–10.
[52] “Twentieth Annual Report of the Federal Power Commission,” 13;Daniel F.Spulber,Regulation and Markets (Boston: MIT Press,1989),3–5.
[53] “Twentieth Annual Report of the Federal Power Commission,” 147–48;Twenty-Sixth Annual Report of the Federal Power Commission,no.23 (1946):1–2.
