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第17章 全球气候变化问题的解决之道.2

作者:美-克雷格·罗奇 当前章节:13098 字 更新时间:2026-6-22 21:14

[6] Spencer R.Weart,The Discovery of Global Warming (Cambridge,MA: Harvard University Press,2003),8.

[7] Andrew C.Revkin,“Earth Is Us,”New York Times,January 28,2008,accessed October 1,2016,<http://dotearth.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/01/28/earth-is-us/?_r=0>;G.S.Callendar,“The Artificial Production of Carbon Dioxide and Its Influence on Temperature,”Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society,May 19,1937,223,236,accessed October 1,2016,<http://online library.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/qj.49706427503/epdf>;Leo Hickman,“How the Burning of Fossil Fuels Was Linked to a Warming World in 1938,”The Guardian,April 22,2013,accessed October 1,2016,<https://www.theguardian.com/environment/blog/2013/apr/22/guy-callendar-climate-fossil-fuels>;Gilbert Plass,“The Carbon Dioxide Theory of Climatic Change,”Tellus 8,no.2 (1955): 153,accessed October 1,2016,<http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.2153-3490.1956.tb01206.x/pdf>.

[8] Roger Revelle and Hans E.Seuss,“Carbon Dioxide Exchange Between Atmosphere and Ocean and the Question of an Increase of Atmospheric CO2 during the Past Decades,”Tellus 9 (1957): table 1,accessed October 1,2016,<http://uscentrist.org/platform/positions/environment/context-environment/docs/Revelle-Suess1957.pdf>;“Restoring the Quality of Our Environment,”President’s Science Advisory Committee (1965): v,126,accessed October 1,2016,<http://dge.stanford.edu/labs/caldeiralab/Caldeira%20downloads/PSAC,%201965,%20Restoring%20the%20Quality%20of%20Our%20 Environment.pdf>.

[9] “Charles David Keeling Biography,”Scripps Institution of Oceanography,accessed October 1,2016,<http://scrippsco2.ucsd.edu/charles_david_keeling_biography>;“Keeling Curve Lessons,”Scripps Institution of Oceanography,<http://scrippsco2.ucsd.edu/history_legacy/keeling_curve_lessons>;Andrea Thompson,“2015 Begins with CO2 above 400 PPM Mark,”Scientific America,January 12,2015,accessed October 1,2016,<http://www.scientificamerica.com/article/2015-begins-with-co2-above-400-ppm-mark/>.

[10] The Conservation Foundation,Implications of Rising Carbon Dioxide Content of the Atmosphere (New York: The Conservation Foundation,1963),i;Howard E.Newell,“A Recommended National Program in Weather Modification,”National Aeronautics and Space Administration (1966): I-3,accessed October 1,2016,<http://www.geoengineeringwatch.org/documents/19680002906_1968002906.pdf>.

[11] Thomas H.Maugh II,“Willi Dansgaard Dies at 88;Scientist Who Recognized Climate Record in Ice Cap,”Los Angeles Times,February 7,2011,accessed October 1,2016,<http://articles.latimes.com/2011/feb/07/local/la-me-willi-dansgaard-20110207>;William Ferguson,“Ice Core Data Help Solve a Global Warming Mystery,”Scientific America,March 1,2013,accessed October 1,2016,<http://www.scientificamerican.com/articl/ice-core-data-help-solve/>;Weart,Discovery of Global Warming,130 –31.

[12] Weart,Discovery of Global Warming,71–72,96–97;Spencer R.Weart,“Government:The View from Washington,DC,”American Institute of Physics,February 2016,accessed October 1,2016,<https://www.aip.org/history/climate/Govt.htm>;“Bill Summary & Status: 95th Congress (1977–1978) H.R.6669,”Library of Congress,September 17,1978,accessed October 1,2016,<http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi bin/bdquery/z?d095:HR06669:@@@D&summ2=m&>.

[13] “Colder Winters Held Dawn of New Ice Age,”Washington Post,January 11,1970;“Another Ice Age?”Time,June 24,1974;Robert C.Cowen,“New Ice Age Almost Upon Us?”Christian Science Monitor,November 14,1979.

[14] Weart,Discovery of Global Warming,114 –15,120–21.

[15] “Brief Primer on the Montreal Protocol,”United Nations Environment Programme,accessed October 1,2016,<http://ozone.unep.org/Publications/MP_Brief_Primer_on_MP-E.pdf>.

[16] “History,”Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change,accessed October 1,2016,<https://www.ipcc.ch/organization/organization_history.shtml>;J.T.Houghton,G.J.Jenkins,and J.J.Ephraums,eds.,Climate Change: The IPCC Scientific Assessmen(New York: Cambridge University Press,1990) xi–xii,accessed October 1,2016,<https://www.ipcc.ch/ipccreports/far/wg_I/ipcc_far_wg_I_full_report.pdf>.

[17] “General Information.”United Nations Earth Summit +5,accessed October 1,2016,<http://www.un.org/esa/earthsummit/>;“IPCC Second Assessment:Climate Change 1995”Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (1995): 22,accessed October 1,2016,<https://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/climate-changes-1995/ipcc-2nd-assessment/2nd-assessment-en.pdf>.

[18] Weart,Discovery of Global Warming,173–74;Richard N.Cooper,“The Kyoto Protocol: A Flawed Concept,”Harvard University Center for the Environment,7–8,11–12,accessed October 1,2016,<http://www.environment.harvard.edu/docs/faculty_pubs/cooper_kyoto.pdf>;“Byrd-Hagel Resolution,”National Center for Public Policy Research,accessed October 1,2016,<http://www.nationalcenter.org/KyotoSenate.html>;George W.Bush,“Letter to Members of the Senate on the Kyoto Protocol on Climate Change,”The American Presidency Project,March 13,2001,accessed October 1,2016,<http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=45811>.

[19] “Endangerment and Cause or Contribute Findings for Greenhouse Gases under Section 202(a) of the Clean Air Act,”Environmental Protection Agency,2009,66497,accessed October 1,2016,<http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/endangerment/>;“Climate Change 2014: Mitigation of Climate Change,”Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change,2014,accessed October 1,2016,<http://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg3/>.

[20] “Climate Change 2014” 1,SPM 1,SPM 1.1,4,SPM 1.2,accessed October 1,2016,<http://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg3/>.

[21] “Climate Change 2014” 21.

[22] J .P.Stockholm,“The IPCC Climate-Change Report: It’s Still Our Fault,”Economist,September 27,2013,accessed October 1,2016,<http://www.economist.com/blogs/babbage/2013/09/ipcc-climate-change-report>.

[23] “IPCC Statement on the Melting of Himalayan Glaciers,”Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change,January 20,2010,accessed October 1,2016,<https://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/presentations/himalaya-statement-20january2010.pdf>;Matthew Knight,“U.N.Climate Chiefs Apologize for Glacier Error,”CNN,January 20,2010,accessed October 1,2016,<http://www.cnn.com/2010/WORLD/asiapcf/01/20/glacier.himalayas.ipcc.error/>.

[24] “Climate Change Assessments,Review of the Processes and Procedures of the IPCC,”InterAcademy Council,October 2010,xii–xiv,59,accessed October 1,2016,<http://reviewipcc.interacademycouncil.net/report.html>.

[25] Bjorn Lomborg,Cool It: The Skeptical Environmentalist’s Guide to Global Warming (New York: Vintage Books,2007);Bjorn Lomborg,“Cost-Effective Ways to Address Climate Change,”Washington Post,November 17,2010,accessed October 1,2016,<http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/11/16/AR2010111604973.html>.

[26] Mark Holt and Gene Whitney,“Greenhouse Gas Legislation: Summary and Analysis of H.R.2454 as Passed by the House of Representatives,”Congressional Research Service,summary,accessed October 1,2016,<http://research.policy archive.org/18878.pdf>.

[27] “Comparison Chart of Waxman-Markey and Kerry-Lieberman,”Center for Climate and Energy Solutions,accessed October 1,2016,<http://www.c2es.org/federal/congress/111/comparison-waxman-markey-kerry-lieberman>.

[28] Bryan Walsh,“Why the Climate Bill Died,”Time,July 26,2010,accessed October 1,2016,<http://science.time.com/2010/07/26/why-the-climate-bill-died/>.

[29] “EPA Denies Petition to Regulate Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Motor Vehicles,”Environmental Protection Agency,August 28,2003,accessed October 1,2016,<https://yosemite.epa.gov/opa/admpress.nsf/b1ab9f485b098972852562 e7004dc686/694c8f3b7c16ff6085256d900065fdad!OpenDocument>;Massachusetts et al.v.Environmental Protection Agency et al.,05 U.S.1120(2007),accessed October 1,2016,<https://www.law.cornell.edu/supct/html/05-1120.ZS.html>.

[30] “Endangerment and Cause or Contribute Findings for Greenhouse Gases,” 40 CFR,chap.1 at 66496 to 66498,66517.

[31] “Clean Air Act Permitting for Greenhouse Gas Emissions—Final Rules Fact Sheet,”Environmental Protection Agency,April 17,2009,5,accessed October 1,2016,<https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2015-12/documents/2010122 factsheet.pdf>.

[32] “Technical and Support Document for Endangerment and Cause or Contribute Findings for Greenhouse Gases,”Environmental Protection Agency,ES-2,ES-3,accessed October 1,2016,<https://www3.epa.gov/climatechange/Downloads/endangerment/TSD_Endangerment.pdf>.

[33] “Fifteenth Session of the Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and Fifth Session of the Meeting of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol,”Pew Center on Global Climate Change,accessed October 1,2016,<http://www.c2es.org/docUploads/copenhagen-cop15-summary.pdf>;“How to Live with Climate Change,”Economist,November 25,2010,<http://www.economist.com/node/17575027>.

[34] George F.Will,“The Paris Agreement Is Another False ‘Turning Point’ on the Climate,”Washington Post,December 16,2015,accessed October 1,2016,<https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/another-false-urning-point-on-the-climate/2015/12/16/e16dbc36-a35b-11e5-9c4e-be37f66848bb_story.html>;Thomas L.Friedman,“Paris Climate Accord Is a Big,Big Deal,”New York Times,December 16,2015,accessed October 1,2016,<http://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/16/opinion/paris-climate-accord-is-a-big-big-deal.html>.

[35] Will,“The Paris Agreement Is Another False ‘Turning Point’ on the Climate”;Friedman,“Paris Climate Accord Is a Big,Big Deal.”

[36] Will,“The Paris Agreement Is Another False ‘Turning Point’ on the Climate.”

[37] Friedman,“Paris Climate Accord Is a Big,Big Deal.”

[38] “Paris Climate of Conformity,”Wall Street Journal,December 13,2015,accessed October 1,2016,<http://www.wsj.com/articles/paris-climate-of-conformity-1450048095>.

[39] “Remarks by the President in Announcing the Clean Power Plan.”

[40] Pope Francis,“Laudato sì,”Libreria Editrice Vaticana,May 24,2015,paragraphs 32–34,165,169,175,accessed October 1,2016,<http://w2.vatican.va/content/francesco/en/encyclicals/documents/papa-francesco_20150524_enciclica-laudato-si.html>.

[41] “Clean Power Plan for Existing Power Plants,”Environmental Protection Agency,October 23,2015,accessed October 1,2016,<http://www2.epa.gov/cleanpowerplan/clean-power-plan-existing-power-plants>;“Fact Sheet: Overview of the Clean Power Plan,”Environmental Protection Agency,accessed October 1,2016,<http://www.epa.gov/airquality/cpp/fs-cpp-overview.pdf>;Van Ness Feldman LLP,“EPA Issues Regulations to Control Carbon Dioxide Emissions from the Power Sector,” August 5,2015,accessed October 1,2016,<http://www.vnf.com/epa-regulations-to-control-carbon-dioxide-emissions-from>.

[42] “Clean Power Plan for Existing Power Plants,” 64665;“Clean Power Plan State-Specific Fact Sheets,”Environmental Protection Agency,updated September 16,2016,accessed October 1,2016,<https://www.epa.gov/cleanpowerplantoolbox/clean-power-plan-state-specific-fact-sheets>

[43] “Clean Power Plan for Existing Power Plants,” 64667.

[44] “Clean Power Plan for Existing Power Plants,” 64685.

[45] Craig R.Roach,PhD,and Vincent Musco,Southwest Power Pool Annual Looking Forward Report: Strategic Issues Facing the Electricity Business,Washington,DC:Boston Pacific,April 15,2016,29–34;Jonathan H.Adler,“Supreme Court Puts the Brakes on the EPA’s Clean Power Plan,”Washington Post,February 9,2016,accessed October 1,2016,<https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/volokh-conspiracy/wp/2016/02/09/supreme-court-puts-the-brakes-on-the-epas-clean-power-plan/>;State of West Virginia,State of Texas et al.v.United States Environmental Protection Agency and Regina A.McCarthy,application,February 9,2016,accessed October 1,2016,<http://www.scotusblog.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/15A773-application.pdf> and <http://www.supremecourt.gov/orders/court orders/020916zr3_hf5m.pdf>;Amy Harder and Brent Kendall,“Carbon-Rule Stay Puts Obama Environmental Legacy on the Line,”Wall Street Journal,February 10,2016,accessed October 1,2016,<http://www.wsj.com/articles/carbon-rule-stay-puts-obama-environmental-legacy-on-the-line-1455150933>;Editorial Board,“The Court Blocks Efforts to Slow Climate Change,”New York Times,February 11,2016,accessed October 1,2016,<http://www.nytimes.com/2016/02/11/opinion/the-court-blocks-efforts-to-slow-climate-change.html>

[46] Robert Barnes and Steven Mufson,“Supreme Court Freezes Obama Plan to Limit Carbon Emissions,”Washington Post,February 9,2016,accessed October 1,2016,<https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/courts_law/supreme-court-freezes-obama-plan-to-limit-carbon-emissions/2016/02/09/ac9dfad8-cf85-11e5-abc9-ea152f0b9561_story.html>.

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