布鲁克斯设计了一个实验……Brooks,Alison Wood.“Get Excited:Reappraising Pre-Performance Anxiety as Excitement.”Journal of Experimental Psychology:General 143,no.3(2014):1144-58.
肾上腺素提高的……Dienstbier,Richard A.“Arousal and Physiological Toughness:Implications for Mental and Physical Health.”Psychological Review 96,no.1(1989):84-100.
特种兵、突击队员和海军……Morgan,Charles A.,Sheila Wang,Ann Rasmusson,Gary Hazlett,George Anderson,and Dennis S.Charney.“Relationship Among Plasma Cortisol,Catecholamines,Neuropeptide Y,and Human Performance During Exposure to Uncontrollable Stress.”Psychosomatic Medicine 63,no.3(2001):412-22.
军官……Meyerhoff,James L.,William Norris,George A.Saviolakis,Terry Wollert,Bob Burge,Valerie Atkins,and Charles Spielberger.“Evaluating Performance of Law Enforcement Personnel During a Stressful Training Scenario.”Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1032,no.1(2004):250-53.
人们认为……Jamieson,Jeremy P.,Wendy Berry Mendes,Erin Blackstock,and Toni Schmader.“Turning the Knots in Your Stomach into Bows:Reappraising Arousal Improves Performance on the GRE.”Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 46,no.1(2010):208-12.
在里斯本大学……Strack,Juliane,and Francisco Esteves.“Exams?Why Worry?The Relationship Between Interpreting Anxiety as Facilitative,Stress Appraisals,Emotional Exhaustion,and Academic Performance.”Anxiety,Stress,and Coping:An International Journal(2014):1-10.doi:10.1080/10615806.2014.931942.
雅各布大学的研究人员……Strack,Juliane,Paulo N.Lopes,and Francisco Esteves.“Will You Thrive Under Pressure or Burn Out?Linking Anxiety Motivation and Emotional Exhaustion.”Cognition and Emotion.Published electronically June 3,2014:1-14.doi:10.1080/02699931.2014.922934.
他们的兴奋……Allison,Amber L.,Jeremy C.Peres,Christian Boettger,Uwe Leonbacher,Paul D.Hastings,and Elizabeth A.Shirtcliff.“Fight,Flight,or Fall:Autonomic Nervous System Reactivity During Skydiving.”Personality and Individual Differences 53,no.3(2012):218-23.
比例只有25%……Adelson,Rachel.“Nervous About Numbers:Brain Patterns Reflect Math Anxiety.”Association for Psychological Science Observer 27,no.7(2014):35-37.
重要的是信息……McKay,Brad,Rebecca Lewthwaite,and Gabriele Wulf.“Enhanced Expectancies Improve Performance Under Pressure.”Frontiers in Psychology 3(2012):1-5.
阿尔图斯看到……Information on the Cuyahoga Community College stress mindset intervention is from interviews and personal conversations with Aaron Altose and Jeremy Jamieson.For more information about the Achieving the Dream Network,see http://achievingthedream.org.For more information about the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching and the Alpha Lab Research Network,see http://commons.carnegiefoundation.org.
中老年人……Yancura,Loriena A.,Carolyn M.Aldwin,Michael R.Levenson,and Avron Spiro.“Coping,Affect,and the Metabolic Syndrome in Older Men:How Does Coping Get Under the Skin?”Journals of Gerontology Series B:Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences 61,no.5(2006):P295-P303.
弗雷明汉心脏研究中……Jefferson,Angela L.,Jayandra J.Himali,Alexa S.Beiser,Rhoda Au,Joseph M.Massaro,Sudha Seshadri,Philimon Gona,et al.“Cardiac Index Is Associated with Brain Aging:The Framingham Heart Study.”Circulation 122,no.7(2010):690-97.
商业谈判中,挑战……de Wit,Frank R.C.,Karen A.Jehn,and Daan Scheepers.“Negotiating Within Groups:A Psychophysiological Approach.”Research on Managing Groups and Teams 14(2011):207-38.
有挑战反应的学生……Seery,Mark D.,Max Weisbuch,Maria A.Hetenyi,and Jim Blascovich.“Cardiovascular Measures Independently Predict Performance in a University Course.”Psychophysiology 47,no.3(2010):535-39.Turner,Martin J.,Marc V.Jones,David Sheffeld,and Sophie L.Cross.“Cardiovascular Indices of Challenge and Threat States Predict Competitive Performance.”International Journal of Psychophysiology 86,no.1(2012):48-57.
医生更专注……Vine,Samuel J.,Paul Freeman,Lee J.Moore,Roy Chandra-Ramanan,and Mark R.Wilson.“Evaluating Stress as a Challenge Is Associated with Superior Attentional Control and Motor Skill Performance:Testing the Predictions of the Biopsychosocial Model of Challenge and Threat.”Journal of Experimental Psychology:Applied 19,no.3(2013):185-94.
面对机械失灵……Vine,Samuel J.,Liis Uiga,Aureliu Lavric,Lee J.Moore,Krasimira Tsaneva-Atanasova,and Mark R.Wilson.“Individual Reactions to Stress Predict Performance During a Critical Aviation Incident.”Anxiety,Stress,and Coping.(Ahead of print,2014):1-22.
你从压力体验中学到……van Wingen,Guido A.,Elbert Geuze,Eric Vermetten,and Guillén Fernández.“Perceived Threat Predicts the Neural Sequelae of Combat Stress.”Molecular Psychiatry 16,no.6(2011):664-71.
迅速将恐惧转为……Shnabel,Nurit,Valerie Purdie-Vaughns,Jonathan E.Cook,Julio Garcia,and Geoffrey L.Cohen.“Demystifying Values-Affirmation Interventions:Writing About Social Belonging Is a Key to Buffering Against Identity Threat.”Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 39,no.5(2013):663-76.Cooper,Denise C.,Julian F.Thayer,and Shari R.Waldstein.“Coping with Racism:The Impact of Prayer on Cardiovascular Reactivity and Post-Stress Recovery in African American Women.”Annals of Behavioral Medicine 47,no.2(2014):218-30.Krause,Neal.“The Perceived Prayers of Others,Stress,and Change in Depressive Symptoms over Time.”Review of Religious Research 53,no.3(2011):341-56.
开发出来以后……Allen,Andrew P.,Paul J.Kennedy,John F.Cryan,Timothy G.Dinan,and Gerard Clarke.“Biological and Psychological Markers of Stress in Humans:Focus on the Trier Social Stress Test.”Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews 38(2014):94-124.
一项研究发现,当人们……Lyons,Ian M.,and Sian L.Beilock.“When Math Hurts:Math Anxiety Predicts Pain Network Activation in Anticipation of Doing Math.”PLOS ONE 7,no.10(2012):e48076.See also Maloney,Erin A.,Marjorie W.Schaeffer,and Sian L.Beilock.“Mathematics Anxiety and Stereotype Threat:Shared Mechanisms,Negative Consequences and Promising Interventions.”Research in Mathematics Education 15,no.2(2013):115-28.
重新思考压力将他们的反应……Jamieson,Jeremy P.,Matthew K.Nock,and Wendy Berry Mendes.“Mind over Matter:Reappraising Arousal Improves Cardiovascular and Cognitive Responses to Stress.”Journal of Experimental Psychology:General 141,no.3(2012):417-22.See also:Jamieson,Jeremy P.,Matthew K.Nock,and Wendy Berry Mendes.“Changing the Conceptualization of Stress in Social Anxiety Disorder Affective and Physiological Consequences.”Clinical Psychological Science 1,no.4(2013):363-74.
贾米森雇用观察员……Beltzer,Miranda L.,Matthew K.Nock,Brett J.Peters,and Jeremy P.Jamieson.“Rethinking Butterflies:The Affective,Physiological,and Performance Effects of Reappraising Arousal During Social Evaluation.”Emotion 14,no.4(2014):761-68.
在贾米森的研究中……Mauss,Iris,Frank Wilhelm,and James Gross.“Is There Less to Social Anxiety Than Meets the Eye?Emotion Experience,Expression,and Bodily Responding.”Cognition and Emotion 18,no.5(2004):631-42.See also Anderson,Emily R.,and Debra A.Hope.“The Relationship Among Social Phobia,Objective and Perceived Physiological Reactivity,and Anxiety Sensitivity in an Adolescent Population.”Journal of Anxiety Disorders 23,no.1(2009):18-26.
苏·科特最近……Personal interview conducted with Sue Cotter on December 4,2014.
研究中,工作人员……Lambert,Jessica E.,Charles C.Benight,Tamra Wong,and Lesley E.Johnson.“Cognitive Bias in the Interpretation of Physiological Sensations,Coping Self-Efficacy,and Psychological Distress After Intimate Partner Violence.”Psychological Trauma:Theory,Research,Practice,and Policy 5,no.5(2013):494-500.
知道你足以面对……Benight,Charles C.,and Albert Bandura.“Social Cognitive Theory of Posttraumatic Recovery:The Role of Perceived Self-Efficacy.”Behaviour Research and Therapy 42,no.10(2004):1129-48.