比如说，当被问及……Aldwin，Carolyn M.，Karen J.Sutton，and Margie Lachman.“The Development of Coping Resources in Adulthood.”Journal of Personality 64，no.4（1996）：837-71.
他声称，痛苦……Seery，Mark D.，E.Alison Holman，and Roxane Cohen Silver.“Whatever Does Not Kill Us：Cumulative Lifetime Adversity，Vulnerability，and Resilience.”Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 99，no.6（2010）：1025-41.Seery，Mark D.“Resilience a Silver Lining to Experiencing Adverse Life Events？”Current Directions in Psychological Science 20，no.6（2011）：390-94.Seery，Mark D.，Raphael J.Leo，Shannon P.Lupien，Cheryl L.Kondrak，and Jessica L.Almonte.“An Upside to Adversity？Moderate Cumulative Lifetime Adversity Is Associated with Resilient Responses in the Face of Controlled Stressors.”Psychological Science 24，no.7（2013）：1181-89.All quotes，along with some study details and interpretation，come from a personal conversation with Mark Seery on July 9，2014.
在长期背痛的成年人中……Seery，Mark D.，Raphael J.Leo，E.Alison Holman，and Roxane Cohen Silver.“Lifetime Exposure to Adversity Predicts Functional Impairment and Healthcare Utilization Among Individuals with Chronic Back Pain.”Pain 150，no.3（2010）：507-15.
警员……Burke，Karena J.，and Jane Shakespeare-Finch.“Markers of Resilience in New Police Officers Appraisal of Potentially Traumatizing Events.”Traumatology 17，no.4（2011）：52-60.
13名学生……For more information about ScholarMatch，visit scholarmatch.org.
因为这个，他们的成绩提高了……Yeager，David Scott，Valerie Purdie-Vaughns，Julio Garcia，Nancy Apfel，Patti Brzustoski，Allison Master，William T.Hessert，Matthew E.Williams，and Geoffrey L.Cohen.“Breaking the Cycle of Mistrust：Wise Interventions to Provide Critical Feedback Across The Racial Divide.”Journal of Experimental Psychology：General 143，no.2（2014）：804-24.
一种被称为“转化—坚持”的应对措施……Chen，Edith，and Gregory E.Miller.“Shift-and-Persist Strategies：Why Low Socioeconomic Status Isn’t Always Bad for Health.”Perspectives on Psychological Science 7，no.2（2012）：135-158.
心理学家……称为创伤后成长……Tedeschi，Richard G.，and Lawrence G.Calhoun.“Posttraumatic Growth：Conceptual Foundations and Empirical Evidence.”Psychological Inquiry 15，no.1（2004）：1-18.Sample post-traumatic growth items from Tedeschi，Richard G.，and Lawrence G.Calhoun.“The Posttraumatic Growth Inventory：Measuring the Positive Legacy of Trauma.”Journal of Traumatic Stress 9，no.3（1996）：455-71.
然而，它绝不罕见……Laufer，Avital，and Zahava Solomon.“Posttraumatic Symptoms and Posttraumatic Growth Among Israeli Youth Exposed to Terror Incidents.”Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology 25，no.4（2006）：429-47.Siegel，Karolynn，and Eric W.Schrimshaw.“Perceiving Benefits in Adversity：Stress-Related Growth in Women Living with HIV/AIDS.”Social Science and Medicine 51，no.10（2000）：1543-54.Shakespeare-Finch，Jane E.，S.G.Smith，Kathryn M.Gow，Gary Embelton，and L.Baird.“The Prevalence of Post-Traumatic Growth in Emergency Ambulance Personnel.”Traumatology 9，no.1（2003）：58-71.
2013年一份……研究宣称……Cho，Dalnim，and Crystal L.Park.“Growth Following Trauma：Overview and Current Status.”Terapia Psicologica 31，no.1（2013）：69-79.
实际上……人们一般既……Baker，Jennifer M.，Caroline Kelly，Lawrence G.Calhoun，Arnie Cann，and Richard G.Tedeschi.“An Examination of Posttraumatic Growth and Posttraumatic Depreciation：Two Exploratory Studies.”Journal of Loss and Trauma 13，no.5（2008）：450-65.Tsai，J.，R.El-Gabalawy，W.H.Sledge，S.M.Southwick，and R.H.Pietrzak.“Post-Traumatic Growth Among Veterans in the USA：Results from the National Health and Resilience in Veterans Study.”Psychological Medicine：1-15.
2014年针对42份研究的分析……Shakespeare-Finch，Jane，and Janine Lurie-Beck.“A Meta-Analytic Clarification of the Relationship Between Posttraumatic Growth and Symptoms of Posttraumatic Distress Disorder.”Journal of Anxiety Disorders 28，no.2（2014）：223-29.
它驱动了……心理程序……Kehl，Doris，Daniela Knuth，Markéta Holubová，Lynn Hulse，and Silke Schmidt.“Relationships Between Firefighters’Postevent Distress and Growth at Different Times After Distressing Incidents.”Traumatology 20，no.4（2014）：253-61.Lowe，Sarah R.，Emily E.Manove，and Jean E.Rhodes.“Posttraumatic Stress and Posttraumatic Growth Among Low-Income Mothers Who Survived Hurricane Katrina.”Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 81，no.5（2013）：877-89.
詹妮弗·怀特……的例子……Information about Jennifer White’s Hope After Project，including her personal story and how to get involved，is available at http://www.hopeafterproject.com.Personal interview conducted on December 12，2014.
看到好处的人……Affleck，Glenn，Howard Tennen，Sydney Croog，and Sol Levine.“Causal Attribution，Perceived Benefits，and Morbidity After a Heart Attack：An 8-Year Study.”Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 55，no.1（1987）：29-35.
HIV阳性妇女……Ickovics，Jeannette R.，Stephanie Milan，Robert Boland，Ellie Schoenbaum，Paula Schuman，David Vlahov，and HIV Epidemiology Research Study（HERS）Group.“Psychological Resources Protect Health：5-Year Survival and Immune Function Among HIV-Infected Women from Four U.S.Cities.”AIDS 20，no.14（2006）：1851-60.
那些……男女……Danoff-Burg，Sharon，and Tracey A.Revenson.“Beneft-Finding Among Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis：Positive Effects on Interpersonal Relationships.”Journal of Behavioral Medicine 28，no.1（2005）：91-103.
举例说，那些照料……Mavandadi，Shahrzad，Roseanne Dobkin，Eugenia Mamikonyan，Steven Sayers，Thomas Ten Have，and Daniel Weintraub.“Benefit Finding and Relationship Quality in Parkinson’s Disease：A Pilot Dyadic Analysis of Husbands and Wives.”Journal of Family Psychology 28，no.5（2014）：728-34.
患有糖尿病的十几岁孩子……Tran，Vincent，Deborah J.Wiebe，Katherine T.Fortenberry，Jorie M.Butler，and Cynthia A.Berg.“Benefit Finding，Affective Reactions to Diabetes Stress，and Diabetes Management Among Early Adolescents.”Health Psychology 30，no.2（2011）：212-19.
保护效果最强……Wood，Michael D.，Thomas W.Britt，Jeffrey L.Thomas，Robert P.Klocko，and Paul D.Bliese.“Buffering Effects of Benefit Finding in a War Environment.”Military Psychology 23，no.2（2011）：202-19.
发现益处的人……Cassidy，Tony，Marian McLaughlin，and Melanie Giles.“Beneft Finding in Response to General Life Stress：Measurement and Correlates.”Health Psychology and Behavioral Medicine 2，no.1（2014）：268-82.
他们更愿意……Pakenham，Kenneth I.，Kate Sofronoff，and Christina Samios.“Finding Meaning in Parenting a Child with Asperger Syndrome：Correlates of Sense Making and Beneft Finding.”Research in Developmental Disabilities 25，no.3（2004）：245-64.
在实验室里……人……Bower，Julienne E.，Carissa A.Low，Judith Tedlie Moskowitz，Saviz Sepah，and Elissa Epel.“Beneft Finding and Physical Health：Positive Psychological Changes and Enhanced Allostasis.”Social and Personality Psychology Compass 2，no.1（2008）：223-44.Bower，Julienne E.，Judith Tedlie Moskowitz，and Elissa Epel.“Is Benefit Finding Good for Your Health？Pathways Linking Positive Life Changes After Stress and Physical Health Outcomes.”Current Directions in Psychological Science 18，no.6（2009）：337-41.
比如……报告了……Butler，Lisa D.“Growing Pains：Commentary on the Field Of Posttraumatic Growth and Hobfoll and Colleagues’Recent Contributions to It.”Applied Psychology 56，no.3（2007）：367-78.
重疾的幸存者……Cheng，Cecilia，Waiman Wong，and Kenneth W.Tsang.“Perception of Benefts and Costs During SARS Outbreak：An 18-Month Prospective Study.”Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 74，no.5（2006）：870-79.
他们也不再……McCullough，Michael E.，Lindsey M.Root，and Adam D.Cohen.“Writing About the Benefts of an Interpersonal Transgression Facilitates Forgiveness.”Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 74，no.5（2006）：887-97.
令人惊叹的是，另一项研究发现……vanOyen Witvliet，Charlotte，Ross W.Knoll，Nova G.Hinman，and Paul A.DeYoung.“Compassion-Focused Reappraisal，Benefit-Focused Reappraisal，and Rumination After an Interpersonal Offense：Emotion-Regulation Implications for Subjective Emotion，Linguistic Responses，and Physiology.”Journal of Positive Psychology 5，no.3（2010）：226-42.
发现好处使……Rabe，Sirko，Tanja Zöllner，Andreas Maercker，and Anke Karl.“Neural Correlates of Posttraumatic Growth After Severe Motor Vehicle Accidents.”Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 74，no.5（2006）：880-86.
那些最焦虑的……Danoff-Burg，Sharon，John D.Agee，Norman R.Romanoff，Joel M.Kremer，and James M.Strosberg.“Beneft Finding and Expressive Writing in Adults with Lupus or Rheumatoid Arthritis.”Psychology and Health 21，no.5（2006）：651-65.
最能说明问题的是……妇女……Stanton，Annette L.，Sharon Danoff-Burg，Lisa A.Sworowski，Charlotte A.Collins，Ann D.Branstetter，Alicia Rodriguez-Hanley，Sarah B.Kirk，and Jennifer L.Austenfeld.“Randomized，Controlled Trial of Written Emotional Expression and Benefit Finding in Breast Cancer Patients.”Journal of Clinical Oncology 20，no.20（2002）：4160-68.
另一项干预措施邀请那些……Cheng，Sheung-Tak，Rosanna W.L.Lau，Emily P.M.Mak，Natalie S.S.Ng，and Linda C.W.Lam.“Beneft-Finding Intervention for Alzheimer Caregivers：Conceptual Framework，Implementation Issues，and Preliminary Efficacy.”Gerontologist 54，no.6（2014）：1049-58.
威尔博格是这样开头的……Wiltenburg，Mary.“She Doesn't Want to Share Her Grief with a Nation.”Christian Science Monitor.September 3，2002.Wiltenburg，Mary.“9/11 Hijacking Victim’s Family Expanded，Even Without Him.”
Christian Science Monitor.September 9，2011.Personal interview conducted with Mary Wiltenburg on September 16，2014.
一项令人吃惊的研究发现……Holman，E.Alison，Dana Rose Garfin，and Roxane Cohen Silver.“Media’s Role in Broadcasting Acute Stress Following the Boston Marathon Bombings.”Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 111，no.1（2014）：93-98.Pfefferbaum，Betty，Elana Newman，Summer D.Nelson，Pascal Nitiéma，Rose L.Pfefferbaum，and Ambreen Rahman.“Disaster Media Coverage and Psychological Outcomes：Descriptive Findings in the Extant Research.”Current Psychiatry Reports 16，no.9（2014）：1-7.
2014年一项针对美国成年人……“The GfK Group Project Report for the National Survey of Fears”（2014）.Available at http://www.chapman.edu/wilkinson/research-centers/babbiecenter/survey-american-fears.aspx.
这类发现驱动了“用画面与声音传递希望”……More information about IVOH can be found at http://ivoh.org/.Personal interview conducted with Mallory Jean Tenore on February 12，2014.
替代成长……Arnold，Debora，Lawrence G.Calhoun，Richard Tedeschi，and Arnie Cann.“Vicarious Posttraumatic Growth in Psychotherapy.”Journal of Humanistic Psychology 45，no.2（2005）：239-63.Barrington，Allysa，and Jane E.Shakespeare-Finch.“Giving Voice to Service Providers Who Work with Survivors of Torture and Trauma.”Qualitative Health Research 24，no.12（2014）.1686-99.Hernández，Pilar，David Gangsei，and David Engstrom.“Vicarious Resilience：A New Concept in Work With Those Who Survive Trauma.”Family Process 46，no.2（2007）：229-41.Acevedo，Victoria Eugenia，and Pilar Hernandez-Wolfe.“Vicarious Resilience：An Exploration of Teachers and Children’s Resilience in Highly Challenging Social Contexts.”Journal of Aggression，Maltreatment，and Trauma 23，no.5（2014）：473-93.Inocencio Soares，Nataly Tsumura，and Mauren Teresa Grubisich Mendes Tacla.“Experience of Nursing Staff Facing the Hospitalization of Burned Children.”Investigación y Educación en Enfermería 32，no.1（2014）：49-59.
参与者不仅仅报告了……Abel，Lisa，Casie Walker，Christina Samios，and Larissa Morozow.“Vicarious Posttraumatic Growth：Predictors of Growth and Relationships with Adjustment.”Traumatology 20，no.1（2014）：9-18.
学习和成长的过程……Tosone，Carol，Jennifer Bauwens，and Marc Glassman.“The Shared Traumatic and Professional Posttraumatic Growth Inventory.”Research on Social Work Practice（ahead of print，2014）.doi：10.1177/1049731514549814.
我们往往……Therapist’s quote taken from Engstrom，David，Pilar Hernandez，and David Gangsei.“Vicarious Resilience：A Qualitative Investigation into Its Description.”Traumatology 14，no.3（2008）：13-21.
参与该项目6个月后……Shochet，Ian M.，Jane Shakespeare-Finch，Cameron Craig，Colette Roos，Astrid Wurfl，Rebecca Hoge，Ross McD Young，and Paula Brough.“The Development and Implementation of the Promoting Resilient Officers（PRO）Program.”Traumatology 17，no.4（2011）：43-51.Shakespeare-Finch，Jane E.，Ian M.Shochet，Colette R.Roos，Cameron Craig，Deanne Armstrong，Ross McD Young，and Astrid Wurfl.“Promoting Posttraumatic Growth in Police Recruits：Preliminary Results of a Randomised Controlled Resilience Intervention Trial.”In Australian and New Zealand Disaster and Emergency Management Conference，Association for Sustainability in Business，QT Gold Coast Hotel，Surfers Paradise（2014）.
这些……结果……Hayes，Steven C.，Jason B.Luoma，Frank W.Bond，Akihiko Masuda，and Jason Lillis.“Acceptance and Commitment Therapy：Model，Processes and Outcomes.”Behaviour Research and Therapy 44，no.1（2006）：1-25.See also Bond，Frank W.，Steven C.Hayes，Ruth A.Baer，Kenneth M.Carpenter，Nigel Guenole，Holly K.Orcutt，Tom Waltz，and Robert D.Zettle.“Preliminary Psychometric Properties of the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire—II：A Revised Measure of Psychological Inflexibility and Experiential Avoidance.”Behavior Therapy 42，no.4（2011）：676-88.
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