[A] the overuse of anti-ADHD medicines on schoolchildren.
[B] the sharp drop of child-abuse cases in schools and families.
[C] the total loss of confidence in school doctors among parents.
[D] the drastic growth of ADHD symptoms observed among children.
4. The study by National Institute of Mental Health suggested that
[A] the use of medicine was effective in treating ADHD.
[B] kids on medication of stimulants tended to grow a lot.
[C] it was more successful to discipline children with ADHD.
[D] kids would put on weight quickly after receiving medication.
5. The Wisconsin professor's concern was that
[A] the government would not take actions to suppress ADHD.
[B] the anti-ADHD medicines might have more serious side effects.
[C] teachers and doctors at school might neglect the kids with ADHD.
[D] parents with ADHD kids could be discouraged by the study results.
Text 2
Still facing the prospect of double bias in the workplace--because of race and gender--women of color working full time often struggle to advance. They usually make less than their white counterparts. For them, the glass ceiling sometimes looks more like steel. Simply avoiding being stereotyped, even by other women, can be hard.
That is why Working Mother Media organized last month's forum at Simmons College in Boston, which brought a mix of women together to talk across racial lines.
The purpose is to have one place where gender and race meet ... because women's issues, while very important to diversity initiatives, can get left out unless you really focus on them, says Carol Evans, founder of Working Mother Media, which publishes Working Mother Magazine. The group is hosting a series of regional forums to enhance the magazine's initiative to highlight the best companies for women of color and to urge more employers to look specifically at their experiences.
The numbers show a mixed picture.
Clearly, minority women have not progressed up the corporate ladder the way white women have. They made up just 1.3 percent of corporate officers in Fortune 500 firms in the year 2000, compared with 12.5 percent for women as a whole, according to Catalyst, a nonprofit research organization in New York.
And generally, they earn less. For example, on average, African-American women earned $27,600 and Hispanic women made $23,200 in 1999--11 and 25 percent less, respectively, than
what white women made, according to a recent analysis by the Institute for Women's Policy Research in Washington, D.C. Asian-Americans were the only ones who did better $ 33,100, or 7 percent better than whites. And even these figures can hide variations among people with ndifferent national origins or immigration histories.
And some companies are making progress in addressing the challenges faced by minority women. This spring, Working Mother Magazine recognized six firms--Allstate, American Express, Fannie Mae, General Mills, IBM, and JPMorgan Chase--as the Best Companies for Women of Color. The six were commended for having formal policies and practices designed to help women of color advance. Nearly 70 percent of the women polled inside those companies said they were satisfied with their advancement in the company and close to 90 percent planned to be with their companies for the next year.
1. The sentence Simply avoiding being stereotyped, even by other women, can be hard(Paragraph 1) implies the fact that
[A] there are too many groups of women of color in the workplace.
[B] it is hard for women of color to be stereotyped by other women.
[C] colored working women are more stereotyped by other women than men.
[DJ colored working women are still inferior even compared with other women.
2. The purpose of the forum at Simmons College in Boston is to
[A] find a place where people of different colors can meet and talk. [B] help publish the works of colored women in the Working Mother Magazine.
[C] focus on women's political rights in the women's movement.
[D] encourage employers to judge colored women by their working experiences.
3. Which of the following statements is Not true
[A] Colored women made up just 1.3 percent of corporate officers in Fortune 500 firms in the year 2000.
[B] African-American women earned $27,600 in 1999, I1 percent less than what white women made.
[C] Hispanic women made $ 23,200 in 1999, 25 percent less than what white women made.
[D] Asian-Americans made $ 33,100, or 7 percent better than white men.
4. What does the word addressing(Line 1, Last paragraph) mean
[A] Talking to.
[B] Negotiating with.
[C] Coming to terms with.
[D] Leaving out.
5. According to the text, what is the situation of colored women in the workplace
[A] They are still faced with the double bias o~race and gender.
[B] The forum has helped them get equally treated by companies.
[C] They are able to avoid being stereotyped by the world of men.
[D] The six best companies only help women of color advance.
Text 3
Sometimes Sadler breaks into small giggles and sometimes she roars with laughter. And sometimes a dozen or so people do the same along with her. But there is nothing funny. Ms. Sadler is a certified laughter leader whose job is to help people laugh. Literally.
Sadler is one of about 1,000 adults in the United States, Canada, and Mexico who have become certified laughter leaders since July 2000 through the World Laughter Tour Inc. The group was formed in 1998 by former psychologist and psychotherapist Steve Wilson and nurse Karyn Buxman. Their intention, then and now, is global influence in the practical applications of laughter and humor for health and world peace.
If everyone wouldgo back to being a child again by spending 30 minutes laughing, thewhole world would be a better place, she adds.
In fact, there is a kind of shared universal language that goes something like this. Hee hee ha ha ho ho .... That's just one of the phrases Sadler uses in her workshop.
Those who attend one of her classes might find themselves sitting with their mouths open wide, lightly slapping their chests and then their knees with one hand while pointing at people with the other hand and laughing without making noise.
It's sort of as if you were in church and you couldn't laugh and had to suppress it a little bit, says Sadler about the silent laugh, one of the interactive laughter exercises she uses.
A louder laughter exercise is the cellphone laugh. Sadler asks participants to walk round the room, holding imaginary cellphone against their ear, pretending to call a friend to perhaps tell them about this crazy laughter club workshop they attended. But instead of talking on their phones, participants laugh into it. And they're encouraged to make eye contact with one another.
The favorite class exercise is often the argumentative laughter. Class participants walk around and point and wiggle their fingers as though in preparation to scold one another, but instead, they laugh. Hee, hee, hee.
Barbara Hee (yes, that's her real name), founder of the Philly Phun Laughter Club in Philadelphia, recently aimed to get the whole city laughing.
Ms. Hee and four other certified laughter leaders offered free laughter sessions throughout the city during the week of April 25. Even the mayor joined in by officially proclaiming the week Laughter Week.
Hee knows the value of a good laugh. In her previous job in cemetery-plot sales, she faced tough sales goals and many unhappy people. This laughter training has been really good for me, she says. lt gave me direction. It got me out of a meaningless period of my life and helped me to move on.
1. Ms. Sadler's job is to help people laugh. Literally. (Paragraph 1).This implies that
[A] she helps understand the verbal meaning oflaugh.
[B] there is nothing funny about laughing,
[C] she just teaches participants how to make laughter.
[D] she quotes literary texts to help people laugh.
2. When one is doing ceRphone laugh training, he is supposed to
[A] hold a phone against his ear and pretend to call a friend.
[B] tell a friend about the crazy laughter club work. shop he attended.
[C] laugh at his friend on the phone for not attending the course.
[D] be encouraged to look at other participants when he is laughing.
3. Which of the following is NOT one of the interactive laughter exercise
[A] laughing as if you were in ch,,mh and had to suppress it a little bit.
[B] pointing at one another and laughing without any noise.
[C] pointing fingers as if in preparation to scold one another but laughing instead.
[D] laughing into imaginary phones and meanwhile looking at one another.
4. For Ms. Hee, the value of a good laugh is that
[A] it gives her meaning of life.
[B] it helps sell more cemetery plots.
[C] it cheers unhappy people.
[D] it helps her to move from place to place.
5. What is supposed to be the title of the text
[A] Laughter and Humor
[B] Sadler, the Laughter Leader
[C] Laughter Training Workshop
[D] Hee's New Life
Text 4
Where do you go when you want to know the latest business news, follow commodity prices, keep up with political gossip, find out what others think of a new book, or stay abreast of the latest scientific and technological developments Today, the answer is obvious you log on to the Intemet. Three centuries ago, the answer was just as easy you went to a coffee-house. There, for the price of a cup of coffee, you could read the latest pamphlets, catch up on news and gossip, attend scientific lectures, strike business deals, or chat with like-minded people about literature or politics.
The coffee-houses that sprang up across Europe, starting around 1650, functioned as information exchanges for writers, politicians, businessmen and scientists. Like today's websites, weblogs and discussion boards, coffee-houses were lively and Often unreliable sources of information that typically specialized in a particular topic or political viewpoint. They were out-lets for a stream of newsletters, pamphlets, and advertising free-sheets. Depending on the interests of their customers, some coffee-houses displayed commodity prices, share prices and shipping lists, whereas others provided foreign newsletters filled with coffee-house gossip from abroad.
Rumours, news and gossip were also carded between coffee-houses by their patrons, and sometimes runners would run from one coffee-house to another within a particular city to report major events such as the outbreak of a war or the death of a head of state. Coffee-houses were centers of scientific education, literary and philosophical speculation, commercial innovation and, sometimes, political reformation. Collectively, Europe's interconnected web of coffee-houses formed the Intemet of the Enlightenment era.
The kinship between coffee-houses and the intemet has recently been underlined by the establishment of wireless hotspots which provide Intemet access, using a technology called WiFi, in modem-day coffee-shops. T-Mobile, a wireless network operator, has installed hotspots in thousands of Starbucks coffee-shops across America and Europe. Coffee-shop WiFi is particularly popular in Seattle--home to both Starbucks and such leading Intemet firms as Amazon and Microsoft.
Such hotspots allow laptop-using customers to check their e-mail and read the news as they sip their coffees. But history provides a cautionary tale for those hotspot operators that charge for access. Coffee-houses used to charge for coffee, but gave away access to reading materials. Many coffee-shops are now following the same model, which could undermine the plan for fee-based hotspots. Information, both in the 17th century and today, wants to be free—and coffee-drinking customers, it seems, expect it to be.
1. From the text, we learn that old-time coffee-houses functioned as
[A] places for scientific and technological lectures and discussions.
[B] lively and reliable sources of information on a particular topic.
[C] information exchanges in science, literature, business and politics.
[D] outlets for political viewpoints that were different from the
mainstream's.
2. By the intemet of the Enlightenment era (Paragraph 3), the author refers to
[A] the network of coffee-houses in the old-time Europe.
[B] the inspirations that one customer drew from another.
[C] the similarities between one coffee house and another.
[D] the rumors spread by customers between coffee-houses.
3. According to the text, the wireless hotspots
[A] made use of the similarities between the intemet and coffee-houses.
[B] made it possible for people to log on to the intemet in coffee shops.
[C] were aimed at promoting laptop sales among coffee shop customers.
[D] were installed in thousands of coffee shops by Amazon and Microsoft.
4. What can be inferred from Paragraph 5
[A] Coffee houses used to charge for reading materials.
[B] Hotspot operators are cautious in charging their users.
[C] Customers complain about having to pay for using hotspots.
[D] Coffee houses are reluctant to charge customers for hotspots.
5. What is the text mainly about 9
[A] The web of coffeehouses in America.
[B] Centers of information in today's world.
[C] Information exchanges in the 17th century.
[D] The intemet access in modem coffee shops.
Unit 9
Directions
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)
Text 1
One great benefit of the Web is that it allows us to move information online that now resides ion paper form. Several states in America are using the Web in a profound way .You can apply for various permits or submit applications for business licenses. Some states are putting up listings of jobs---not just state government jobs, but all the jobs available in the state. Believe, over time, that all the information that governments print, and all those paper forms they now have, will be moved on to the Internet. Electronic commerce notches up month-by-month too .It is difficult to measure, because a lot of electronic commerce involves existing buyers and sellers who are simply moving paper based transactions to the Web. That is not new business. Microsoft, for example, purchases millions of dollars of PCs online instead of by taper. However, that is not a fundamental change; it has just improved the efficiency of an existing process .The biggest impact has occurred where electronic commerce matches buyers and sellers who would not previously have found each other. When you go to a book site and find an obscure book that you never would have found in a physical bookstore, that is a new type of commerce.
