But some critics believe that going overseas has its 7)drawbacks. Relaxed hiring standards and strict immigration laws, limiting international teachers to only 2-year visas.
Randi Weigarten: They're not going to be here for a long time, this is not a way of staffing the New York City schools.
Indeed many of the teachers recruited from international locations are uncertified, leading most experts to believe that the solution is more of a short-term fix than anything else. Still, they believe it is the right move as long as the long-term goal is making the profession of teaching more attractive.
Ed Eubanks: No one's ever gone into teaching to make a fortune. People go into teaching because they want to do something of greater benefit to society of selfless importance.
美国教师告急
[译文]
蒂娜·米林顿：我认为教师是非常高尚的职业。这是一门专业，不只是工作。许多人一旦执起教鞭，一生就没有再放下。
可选择当教师的人却比从前更少了。这也是为什么蒂娜·米林顿现在会在布鲁克林区的羊头湾中学教文学课，而不是留在她的本国巴巴多斯，她在巴巴多斯是一名执证教师。
蒂娜·米林顿：实际上是他们来找我们，邀请我们来教书的。
“他们”指的是纽约市公立学校委员会的招聘人员，纽约正经受着前所未有的教师短缺。
哈洛德·列维：今年我们从巴巴多斯、西班牙、加拿大以及别的说英语的加勒比海国家招聘了大量教师。
准确地说，招到的750名国际教师全是由纽约市立学校校长哈洛德·列维负责招聘的。
哈洛德·列维：全美国都缺教师。
的确很缺乏。在本学年初始，全美国约有2.5亿个教职空缺，弥补空缺使“大苹果”纽约市还有其他大城市看起来更国际化了。费城的学校董事会为了补充800个教职空缺而找遍印度。芝加哥去35个国家想招满三千名教师；休斯顿到俄罗斯和波兰寻求一千名教师。问题的症结在哪里呢？有人说是钱的关系。
艾德·尤班斯：去海外找的两个理由是：在美国我们没有教师培训基地，或者有此技能的人接受不了现有的薪金标准--我们相信出于后者的原因居多。
艾德·尤班斯是美国教育联会的招聘人员，他就觉得年薪4.2万美元的起价太低了。
艾德·尤班斯：与需要同等教育和技能培训的其他职业相比，教师的薪酬太低了。
有多低呢？在二十世纪七十年代，纽约市教师和律师的年薪起价只相差两千美元。到今天，差别已到十多万。
艾德·尤班斯：美国曾一度支付给教师合理的薪金，今天我们常说要提高教师的报酬，其实并没有做到。
在纽约，教师的平均起薪只有3.2万美元，比全国平均水平低1万。不只低薪是个问题，学子的增加也成问题。未来四年将有两千万名学生入读全国各地的中学，数量比当前高出三分之一，同时还将有一百万名教师退休。另一问题是在职教师的自然流失，三年中流失了20%。
兰迪·威加顿：这种制度存在着问题，而且问题遍及全国：你是否能招到你想要的教师？你是否能留住好的教师而去掉不好的？这当中每一步我们都困难重重。
还有人相信到海外寻求教师有其不足之处：招聘标准宽松，移民条令严格，海外教师被限制只能拿到为期两年的签证。
兰迪·威加顿：他们不会长期留下来，这个办法解决不了纽约市学校的情况。
确实，许多海外招回的教师是无证的，专家们相信此举只能是权宜之计，但依然是正确的做法，只是从长远考虑，应该想办法让教职变得更吸引人。
艾德·尤班斯：没有人当教师是为了要赚钱的。人们教书是为了更好地服务社会，无私地贡献。
注释：
1) certified a. 被鉴定的
2) nearly a quarter of 此处为口误，美国只有两亿多人口，不可能有二点五亿个教职空缺
3) Big Apple 美国纽约城
4) scour v. 急速走遍
5) attrition n. 磨损
6) winnow v. 扬掉，筛去
7) drawback n. 缺点，不利条件
★★《2003年01月号-第38期-Disc01-12》★★
A Century of Memories (1900-1909)
On the eve of the new century, the sense of 1)boundless possibilities also 2)ignited an explosion of technological 3)innovations that would have 4)profound impact on twentieth-century life. Thomas Edison's electric 5)light bulb and phonograph, Alexander Graham Bell's telephone. Tens of thousands of 6)tinkerers across America were trying to invent the future. Among them were two bicycle mechanics in Dayton, Ohio.
Mable Griep --
Mabel: Orville and Wilbur, they as young boys, were interested in flying. And they would sit on the 7)porch and watch the birds. And the neighbours all around us say, "I don't know what they think they're going to do. Why they will never make an aeroplane?"
Mabel Griep and her sister Loreen lived next door to the Wright Brothers.
Loreen: Well, my father found out someway that they were going to try, have a trial flight. So we got in the surrey and we drove out to Hoffman Prairie.
Mabel: I can hear dad turn more than once and say, "Look, are you all paying attention to this? Now listen to me. You're gonna remember this 'til your last day."
Loreen: When that plane took off the ground, people were speechless! It was spectacular! It was unbelievable!
One of the oldest dreams in human imagination had come true. 8)Sustained flight in a powered aeroplane.
In 1900, there were only 8,000 cars and less than 10 miles of 9)concrete road in the entire country. But the car was fast seducing Americans.
The historian, Thomas Hughes --
Hughes: The automobile gave people a sense of the control of their own destiny. That is, behind the wheel, out on the road, you decided where you were going, what you were doing, and you had a machine at your control.
But early cars were fantastically expensive. The Artsburger, made in Pittsburgh, and the Pierce Arrow were really toys for the rich people until one manufacturer in Detroit saw it differently: Henry Ford.
Hughes: He saw the automobile as a way to relieve one of the burden of working in nature by the sweat of one's brow. He was motivated by the desire to put the automobile into the hands, first farmers, and then generally into the hands of ordinary people in the population. He wanted to produce many, many, many automobiles in a short, short time.
It was the promise of material abundance and freedom which drew more than thirteen million impoverished Europeans to America between 1900 and 1914. It was the greatest free 10)migration in all of human history. The film-maker, Martin Scorcese's grandparents came from Italy.
Scorcese: My mother's mother, Domenica, was afraid to travel on the boat. And the only way they got her on the boat was, her brother tricked her. He went on the boat with her, said he was going with her. And at the last minute she turned away, he left.
Clara Hancox --
Hancox: My mother came by herself through Siberia. She got to the coast, and got on the boat. They were just sitting on the deck. Hoards of people 11)huddled over their possessions which consisted of old pillows with feathers and the few pieces of silverware tucked in there and stuff like that, their candlesticks, and sleeping on the deck with one another, next to one another to keep oneself warm. It took weeks and weeks and weeks; it took ages.
Alfred Levitt remembers his voyage from Russia --
Levitt: When I crossed the ocean, I never saw such waves in my life. I never knew an ocean existed. Approaching the New York Harbour, the Statue of Liberty was there and it give me a free feeling; a feeling of a new nation; a feeling of a new hope for the beautiful life.
光阴的故事（1900-1909）
1903年12月17日，莱特兄弟制造的动力飞行器成功地实现了首次持续飞行。“在莱特兄弟之前，无人有正确的飞行基础。在莱特兄弟之后，无人改动过此基础。”（达勒·科林斯）
20世纪到来前夕，人们认识到没有实现不了的想法，这导引了新科技革命的爆发，并对20世纪的生活产生了深远的影响。托马斯·爱迪生发明了电灯和留声机，亚历山大·格拉罕·贝尔发明了电话。美国各地有数不清的人在尝试未来发明，其中包括俄亥俄州戴顿的两名自行车修理工。
玛宝·格里普--
玛宝：奥维尔和威尔保那时候年纪还小，他们对飞行很有兴趣。他们会坐在前廊观察鸟儿。我们身边所有的邻居都说：“我不明白他们以后想干什么。他们怎么不去造飞机呢？”
玛宝·格里普和妹妹罗琳当时住在莱特兄弟的隔壁。
罗琳：我父亲发现这兄弟俩怎么也要试上一试，他们要试飞。所以我们就坐上马车，去到霍夫曼大草原。
玛宝：我听到爸爸不止一次地说：“你们是不是全力以赴了？那么听我说。一直到死的那天，你们都会记住今天。”
罗琳：当飞机离开地面时，人们鸦雀无声！太壮观了！简直难以置信！
动力飞机的持续飞行，实现了人类最古老的一个梦想。
亨利·福特对美国的转型做出了无价的贡献。说他象征着美国由农业社会转为工业社会是无可厚非的。1879年小亨利离家去闯荡底特律的时候，八个美国人中只有两个住在城市里，而等到1947年亨利去世时，比率增加到八个中有五个。
1900年，全美国仅有八千辆小汽车，水泥公路不足10英里长。可是汽车对美国人的诱惑力实在太大了。
历史学家托马斯·休思--
休思：汽车带给人们一种掌控命运的感觉。也就是说，开着轮子上路，去向由你决定，怎么做由你决定，这个机器由你来控制。
可是早期的汽车价格惊人地昂贵。匹兹堡生产的亚茨伯格汽车和利箭汽车历来只是富人的玩具，直到底特律的一名制造商另有了想法，他就是亨利·福特。
休思：他希望用汽车来缓轻人们在自然中汗流浃背的劳作负荷。这个决心驱使他要普及汽车，首先在农民当中普及，然后是寻常大众。他想在很短、很短的时间内生产出许许多多、许许多多的汽车来。
十九世纪末，美国加大了工业化程度。许多工业都大量需要劳动力。工业发展为许多欧洲国家的贫民创造了巨大的机遇。
1900年至1914年间，对丰富物质和自由的向往使一千三百多万穷困潦倒的欧洲人流向美国。这是人类历史上最大规模的自由迁徙。电影制片商马丁·史科瑟思的祖父母来自意大利。
史科瑟思：我妈妈的妈妈叫多米尼加，她很怕乘船旅行。他们只好让她兄弟把她骗到船上。他上了船，说会和她一起走。最后一分钟，她刚转身，他就溜走了。
克拉拉·汉科斯--
汉科斯：我母亲独身一人从西伯利亚来。她去到海边，搭上船。人们都坐在甲板上。人群挤在一起，抱着自己的财物--有旧的羽毛枕头，里面塞着一两件银器、蜡烛台之类的东西--睡觉也和别人一块儿在甲板上睡，挨着别人取暖。船开了一周、一周又一周；行程漫漫。
阿尔弗莱德·列维特清楚地记得他从俄罗斯过来的航程。
列维特：我横越汪洋，我一辈子都没见过这样的波浪。我还从不知道有海。船靠向纽约港，我看到自由女神像，感受到了自由，感受到了一个新的国度，感受到了对美好生活的新生希望。
注释：
1) boundless a. 无边无际的
2) ignite v. 点燃
3) innovation n. 改革，创新
4) profound a. 意义深远的
5) light bulb 电灯泡
6) tinkerer n. 修补匠
7) porch n. 门廊
8) sustained a. 持续不变的
9) concrete n. 混凝土
10) migration n. 迁徙
11) huddle v. 挤成一团，蜷缩
★★《2003年01月号-第38期-Disc01-13》★★
Ocean Deep
by Cliff Richard
Love, can't you see I'm alone
Can't you give this fool a chance
A little love is all I ask
A little kindness in the night
Please don't leave me behind
No, don't tell me love is blind
A little love is all I ask
And that is all
Oh love, I've been searchin' so long
I've been searchin' high and low
And little love is all I ask
A little sadness when you go
Maybe you'll need a friend
Only please don't let's pretend
A little love is all I ask
And that is all
I wanna spread my wings
But I just can't fly
As a string of pearls
The pretty girls go sailin' by
Ocean deep
I'm so afraid to show my feelings
I have sailed a million ceilings
Solitary room
Ocean deep
Will I ever find a lover
Maybe she has found another
And as I cry myself to sleep
I know this love of mine I'll keep
Ocean deep
Now, can't you hear when I call
Can't you hear the word I say
A little love is all I ask
A little feelin' when we touch
Why am I still alone
I've got a heart without a home
A little love is all I ask
And that is all
I'm so lonely, lonely, lonely
(Ocean deep)
On my own in my room
I'm so lonely
(Ocean deep)
I'm so lonely , I'm so lonely ...
情深似海
克利夫·理查德（演唱）
爱，你是否能体验到我的孤独
你能否给这个痴情人一个机会
我只是需要一点点爱
和黑夜中的一点点温情
请求你不要把我甩到身后
不，不要告诉我爱是盲目的
我只是需要一点点爱
就已经足够
噢，爱，我一直在苦苦追寻
我一直在上下求索
我只是需要一点点爱
当你离去后的有一点点忧愁
或许你会需要找个朋友
只是请你不要假意掩饰
我只是需要一点点爱
就已经足够
我多么想展开双翅
但却无法自由翱翔
正如那串起的颗颗珍珠
让美丽女孩难以抗拒
情深似海
我总是惧于表露自己的情感
我已经驶过无数个
充满孤寂的房间
情深似海，
我会找到我的爱人吗
她会不会已另有所爱
让我独自在眼泪中入睡
深知心底怀有一份真爱
情深似海
现在你能否听到我的呼唤
你能否听到我的话语
我只是需要一点点爱
和一点点我们接触时的感觉
为何我依然那么孤独
我的心无家可归
我只是需要一点点爱
就已经足够
我多么的孤独，孤独，孤独
（情深似海）
独自在房中
这样孤独
（情深似海）
这样孤独，这样孤独……
★★《2003年01月号-第38期-Disc02-01》★★
News Spotlight (1)
新闻聚光灯
The Moscow Hostage Crisis
October 24
On to Russia now where a group of heavily-armed Chechen rebels is holding up to 700 theatre-goers hostage in a daring overnight raid in the Russian Capital. The 1)militants are threatening to 2)blow up the theatre building unless Russian Troops pull out of Chechnya.
The hostage-takers have been holding talks with Russian authorities as part of efforts to end the 3)standoff. And in a show of good faith, the gunmen released at least five captives a short while ago.
The scenes outside the theatre in Moscow resembled a warzone with hundreds of heavily-armed special forces backed by 4)armored personnel carriers surrounding the building. All special forces have been put on 5)heightened alert after about 40 Chechen separatist rebels stormed a theatre overnight as between 400 and 700 theatre-goers, including westerners, were watching a musical. The heavily-armed, masked gunmen started firings shots into the air and shouting, "Stop the war in Chchnya!" The rebels, said to have explosives 6)strapped to their belts, are threatening to shoot the hostages and blow up the building if special forces storm the premises.
But, Russian authorities 7)play down speculation that security forces will try to take the building by storm. One hostage, reached on her mobile phone inside the theatre, said the rebels had fastened explosives in passageways, on seats and even to the panicked hostages themselves. Her words were reinforced by the crack of automatic gunfire, which rang out on at least four separate occasions.
The rebels, who are describing themselves as a suicide death squad, are refusing to end the siege until Russian authorities pull their troops out of their troubled Muslim homeland and declare a ceasefire ending three years of conflict. The group freed up to 20 children immediately, and 8)batches of hungry and thirsty hostages were released at regular 9)intervals. This spectacular attack forced Russian President, Vladimir Putin, to call off a trip to Germany and Portugal and summon his cabinet to emergency talks in the 10)Kremlin.
October 27
The Russian Government is under pressure to reveal the type of gas it used to end the hostage crisis in a Moscow theatre yesterday. There is mounting suspicion that the mystery gas may have killed some or many of the victims. The death toll has now risen to more than one hundred and sixty including 118 hostages and dozens of Chechen rebels.
Russia is counting the cost of the bloody end to a three-day hostage crisis at a Moscow Theatre. President Vladimir Putin has been visiting the survivors of the terrifying ordeal in hospital. He apologized to the victim's relatives in a 11)televised address for not being able to save the lives of all the captives. But Putin said the ending of the hostage-taking proved Russia cannot be brought to its knees by terrorists.
Gas was released into the theatre as Russian special forces stormed the building early yesterday. The Russian Interior Minister defended the use of the knockout gas, saying many more people would have been killed if the Chechen rebels had detonated their explosives. Many of the hostages had to be brought out unconscious. The rebels had been threatening to blow up the theatre unless Russian troops withdrew from their Muslim homeland. The majority of the Chechen rebels, including their leader, Mobsav Baryev, were shot during the raid, several with bullets to their head, apparently as they lay sleeping from the gas. Three of the gunmen who fled the theatre and about thirty of their 12)accomplices were arrested in the Moscow area.
Officials have maintained a virtual silence on the exact number of victims. The Health Ministry said nine of the hostages died because of heart problems, shock, or lack of medicine. But it was not known how the others died. Speculation is mounting that some of them were killed as a result of their exposure to the gas which Russian officials are refusing to identify. And relatives and friends of the victims have been barred from entering the hospitals to visit their loved ones who are recovering from the ill effects of the
gas.
News 1 政治
United Nations Security Council is 13)deadlocked on whether to accept a tough new US resolution authorizing the use of force against Iraq. Washington is facing stiff opposition from China, Russia and France.
After two days of intense discussions, there was still no sign that the UN Security Council was any closer to reaching an agreement on Washington's tough, new resolution on Iraq. China, Russia and France want to give Iraqi leader, Saddam Hussein, a chance to disarm first, only authorizing the use of force in a second resolution if Bagdad fails to comply with weapons inspections. But the US is pushing for a single resolution that would allow force to be used against Bagdad.
