Every drop of his blood boiled．
Every grain of rice is the sweat of peasants．
333 Every可用在抽象名词前，表示“极大的”这类意思。
I have every reason to say that．
I wish you every success!
Every prospect of victory is in sight．
He will give me every（possible，imaginable）assistance（or chance，convenience）．
There is every hope（or possibility）of winning．
I have every confidence in him．
334 Every可和另一些词连用，表示“每（隔）……”。
He came every third day（or every three days，or once in every three days）．
He came every sixth week（or every six weeks）．
He came every other day（or every second day，on alternate days）．
Our bus passed a small town almost every three miles．
Two apples in（or out of）every ten were rotten．
Five students out of every hundred were the best．
We stopped between each two miles（and the other），between each ten minutes（and the other），to take a rest．
K．All
1．All作形容词的用法。
335 All可作形容词，修饰各类名词，表示“所有的”或“整个”。
All（=The whole number of）insects are clever．
All（=The whole extent of）the city is crowded．
All（=All the members of）the family are in tears．
All（=The whole quantity of）the milk was spilt．
All the hard work is mine．
All（=Every part of）Africa（=The whole of Africa）is to be developed．
All（=Every）kind（or manner）of people lived here．
336 All可用在某些指示词、数词和代词前面。
All such boys should be spanked．
All you people are idiots．
All five（children）ran away．
All（of）the school is quiet．
All（of）those（or these）students come from Iran．
All（of）his life was spent in the city．
All the angles of a triangle（taken together）are 180 degrees．
All the angles of a triangle are less than 180 degrees．（=Each angle is．）
All this（or All that）is madness．
I know all those places．（总起来考虑）
I know every one（每一个）of those places．（分开考虑）
I can remember all（特指，全部）the stories I have read．
I can remember any（泛指任何一个）stories I will read．
All our children过去可能表示“我们大家的孩子”，现在表示“我们所有的孩子”。
337 Of（out of）all...可用来表示惊奇或厌恶，可以译为“在这么多……中偏偏（最）”。
They chose John of（or out of）all the members．（Though they might choose any other better member，they chose John particularly．）
The accident happened on New Year's Day of all days（or of all others）．（The accident，though it might happen on any other day of the year，did happen on New Year's Day．）
This shop of all shops（=Only this shop）sold coffins．
Did you，of all things（in the world），love a playboy?
It is，of all things，my aversion．
He，of all persons，did such a silly thing．
I feared his temper of all things（=particularly）．
He bought this silly book of all others．
This（particular）day of all days（or all others）is his birthday．
This is something of all others to be condemned．
338 All有时可以和一个抽象名词一起用，表示“极大的”这类意思（可参阅333节）。
She appeared in all her（=her greatest possible）splendour．
The flowers are blooming in all their beauty．
The storm came in all its fury．
He spoke with all（=the utmost possible）humility．
He sent it with all speed．
He will take all care of you．
339 All可以和复数可数名词一起用，表示“一切的”“所有的”。
We watched all his movements.
All his wishes（possible，imaginable，conceivable）will be satisfied．
All my efforts came to nothing．
All his remarks are worth listening to．
All也可和单数可数名词一起用，表示“任何”。
It is beyond all（=any）doubt，all controversy，all question．
It is contrary to all rule，all precedent．
He hates all criticism，denies all error，renounces all connection，refuses all praise．
All也可和复数名词这样用。
I'll do it at all hours，in all weathers，and at all costs．
All还可和for或with连用，表示“尽管”。
For all that（or For all the world，For all their opposition）（=In spite of all that），he went on with his plan．
With all his wealth，he cannot escape death．
340 All可构成一些成语，表示“聚精会神地……”等。
She is all eyes and all ears．
She is all attention，all astonishment，all heart．（=She is very attentive，very astonished，very earnest．）
341 All有时表示“唯一的”“仅仅是”等。
That is all the（=the only）property I have．
All the news I learn is this．
All the dictionaries this shop sells are Webster's．
Life is not all（=mere）pleasure．
All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy．
342 All可以和表示时间的名词连用，表示“整个……”，这时介词in，on，at常常不用。
He studied all day，all night．
He studied all（the）spring，all（the）week．
He studied all the day long，all the year round．
I worked all night long．
2．All作代词的用法。
343 All用来代表人，这时为复数代词，表示“所有的人”。
All have come．
All must die．
Good luck to all．
All present are villagers．
All在表示“一切”时为单数代词（有时有较灵活的译法）。
All is silent．
All is lost．All is well．All is ready．
All was confusion．
He has seen all（=the whole thing，everything）．
You must give up all you have got．
Is that all?（=Is there anything else?）
That is all．（=There is no more．）
You have a little headache，that is all（=no other problem）．
I don't like woman，that's all（=don't ask me why）．
Music is my all（=all I have or value）．
He is ready to sacrifice his all，his little all，that all．
When all is done（=After all），he remained a fool.
When all is said，we have done something．
All said and done（=After all），money is money．
344 All可用在人称代词后作同位语，表示“……全”“一切……”“所有的人”等。
We all can help you．
They all saw it．
It all means nothing．
This all（or All this）is true．
They will all come．
It is all false．
It is all nonsense．
I saw it all．
I know them all．
He gave books，paper，and pencils to us all．
They were very merry all．（较少见）
比较：Gentlemen all! My happy children all!（仅作呼语）
有时all后面可跟两个同位语。
They like all us country girls（or all us seven）．
All we Japanese students are interested in it．
345 All有时和and连用，表示“和……一切”“等等这类东西”。
He loved his sons，daughters，servants and all（=and every person or thing connected）．（参阅331节）
He interferes in this and that and all．
He sold his house，furniture，and all．
He studied chemistry，botany，geology and all that（=and everything like that）．
346 Of all常可和一个最高级词连用，表示“在所有……中最……”。
It is the largest of all.
Wang is the best student of all．
of all有时相当于状语，表示“最……”。
He loves her most of all（=above all，more than anybody else）.
He likes wine least of all．（最不喜欢）
He came first of all．（最先）
He knows me best of all．（最）
After all可作状语，表示“毕竟”“到底”这类意思。
After all（=After all is said and done），it does not matter much．
After all，we are mere mortals．
At all可用在否定句、疑问句及条件从句中加强语气。
I do not know it at all（=in the least）．（一点也不知道）
Do you know it at all（=in any way）?（真知道吗?）
If you know it at all，keep it a secret．（如果真的知道……）
All in all可表示“一切的一切”“所有问题”等。
She is all in all（=everything，the most important thing，the dearest thing）to him．
Love is the all in all of my life．
Take it all in all（=When everything is considered），education is very important．
Once for all表示“一次就完”“一劳永逸”等。
Take the money once for all（=once for all times）．
Speak to him once for all．
In all表示“总共”。
The school has five hundred students in all（=all told）．
For good and all表示“长久地（离开）”。
I shall leave Hong Kong for good and all（=permanently）．
347 All还可构成某些合成词。
God is the All-Creator，All-Giver，All-Maker，All-Seer．
He is all-seeing，all-knowing．
3．All作副词的用法。
348 副词all可以修饰形容词、副词或介词，不能修饰动词，表示“全都”“完全”等。
Success or failure is all（=entirely，quite）the same to me．（修饰形容词）
We are all ready．
I am all wet．
It is all useless．
It is all one（=all the same）to me．
His face is all aflame．
His legs are all swollen．
It is all right．
He is all astonished．
He walked all too fast．（修饰副词）
He died all too soon．
He settled the problem all alone．
Your remark is all very fine，all very well．
He died all for her．（修饰介词）
The rumour spread all through（or all over）the city．
I am all for freedom．
They were all for starting today．
He talked with me all along the way．
The patient got up all of a sudden（or all at once）．
I am all in perspiration．
“all the＋比较级”用来加强语气，表示“更加……”。
She looked all the prettier for her pretty dress．
He ran all the faster because he had been trained．
349 All but可用来修饰谓语等，表示“差点……”“几乎”。
He all but（=almost）fail．
He all but died．
He is all but drowned．
He is all but certain of her death．
He has studied agriculture all but 30 years.
350 All还可和形容词一起构成合成词。
The King was supposed to be all-powerful，all-wise，all-venerable．
This love is all-important，all-embracing．
L．Both
351 Both可作形容词，也可用作代词，表示“两个……都”。
There were three（or more）persons．All were my friends．
There were two persons．Both（=These two persons）were my friends．
I like all his relatives；I like both his parents．
How many do you want?I want two．
Which of the two do you want?I want both（=one and also the other）．
Our head has ears on both sides，or an ear on each side．
352 下面9个句子意思都差不多：
Both sons study law．
Both the sons study law．
Both his sons study law．
Both these（or those）sons study law．
Both of the sons study law．
Both of them study law．
His sons will both study law．
His sons both study law．
They both study law．
Both our children现在的意思是“我们的两个孩子”，而过去可以表示“我们两个人的孩子”。
353 Both...and...可说是一个并列连词，连接两个平行或同等的东西，表示“……和……全”或“既……又”等。
Both the cat and the dog ran away．（名词＋and＋名词）
Both his hands and his feet were tied up．
The book was written in both Chinese and English，for both boys and girls．（名词＋and＋名词）
The book was written both in Chinese and in English，both for boys and for girls．（介词短语＋and＋介词短语）
She is both rich and intelligent．（形容词＋and＋形容词）
She both listened and wrote．（动词＋and＋动词）
Both boys，（and）girls，（and），men and women are invited．
Both间或放在后面。
The cat and the dog both ran away．（少见）
The book was written in Chinese and English both．
M．Either
354 Either可用作形容词或代词，作用和any差不多，但指“两者中的一个”。
Here are three（or more）dictionaries．You can choose any（=one out of three or more）．
Here are two dictionaries．You can choose either（one or the other）．
355 Either可用在肯定句、疑问句、否定句及条件从句中。
Any Chinese can hold chopsticks．（肯定句）
Either of my hands can hold chopsticks．（肯定句）
Do you know any of his four brothers?（疑问句）
Do you know either of his parents?（疑问句）
I do not know any of them.（=I know none of them.）（否定句）
I do not know either of them．（=I know neither of them．）（否定句）
If I see any of them，I will speak to him．（条件句）
If I see either of them，I will speak to him．（条件句）
356 Either还可表示“两（边）”“两（头）”等。
A soldier stood on either（=one AND the other，each）side of the door．（Two soldiers stood at the door．）
At either end of the desk is a drawer．（The desk has two drawers，one drawer at each end．）
His hands rested on either side of her shoulders．
357 Either...or也是并列连词，可连接两个平行的东西，表示“既可……又可……”这类意思。
You may take either this or that．（可参阅353节）（连接两个代词）
You may use either your right hand or your left hand．（连接两个名词）
You can write either in English or in Chinese．（连接两个介词短语）
One must be either diligent or clever．（连接两个形容词）
Either...or间或可连接两样以上的东西。
You may take either food，（or）clothes，or money．
358 Either...or还可表示“要么……要么”这类意思。
Either you or he is wrong．（用Either you are wrong，or he is．更好）
Either he or you are wrong．
Either you or I am wrong．
359 Either还可用作副词，表示“也不”。
I do not like it，and he does not either．（不能用also）
I do not like this or that（either）．
He is not clever or handsome（either）．
John or Henry（either）has done it．
N．Neither
360 Neither和none用法相似，是either的否定形式，只用来指两个人或物中的一个，可用作形容词或代词，表示“（两者中）谁也不”或“（两者中）哪个也不”。
Here are seven dictionaries，but you can borrow none of them．
Here are two dictionaries，but you can borrow neither（=not the one nor the other）of them．
None of his five brothers know it．（不可说Any of his five brothers does not know it．）
Neither of his parents knows it．（不可说Either of his parents does not know it．）
Neither subject is easy．（不可说Either subject is not...）
361 Neither...nor也是并列连词，连接两个平行的人或东西，表示“既不……又不”或“既不……也不”。
He spoke neither to John nor to Mary．
Neither...nor偶尔可用来谈三个人或三样东西。
Neither you，nor he，nor I am wrong．（Neither you are wrong，nor he，nor I．更好一些）
He is neither rich，（nor）wise，（nor）handsome，（nor）healthy．
He can neither read nor（不可说or）write．
He cannot either read or（不可用nor）write．
He cannot read，nor write．（注意要加逗号）
Neither也可用作副词，表示“也不……”，这时要用倒装语序。
She will not do it，neither（用nor更好）will he．（不可说He will not do it too．）
He is not wrong，neither are you．
If you don't smoke，neither do I．
第7单元 疑问词
362 疑问词可以是代词，如what，which，who，whom，也可以是形容词，如what，which，whose，也可以是副词，如when，where，how，why。它们一般都放在问句或从句的开头。
一、疑问词作代词、形容词、副词的用法
A．Who，Whom，Whose
363 Who可用作主语、补语、宾语。
Who（作主语）is（or are）wise? Who care（or cares）?
Who（作补语）are they? Who is he?（=What is his name?）
Who（=Which）is right，you or I?
Who（作动词宾语，比用whom时更多）do you see? Who are you teaching?
Who（作介词宾语，比用whom时更多）is this letter from? Who must she speak to?
但紧跟在介词或动词后面时只能用whom。
To whom（不用To who）must she speak?
“I saw Aria.”“You saw whom（不用who）?”
I could speak to whom．（放在句末为了加强语气）
Whose（为所有格，作形容词，作定语）book is this? Whose book are you reading?
Whose（作所有格的独立形式，作代词，作补语）is this? Whose are those houses?
Whose（作主语）are（or is）lost? Whose is red?
Whose（作宾语）are you using? Whose will you borrow?
B．What
364 What可用作主语（这时作单数看待）、补语、宾语、介词宾语或定语。
What（作主语）astonished you? What has（不用have）happened?
What（作补语）is the difference? What is this man?（=What is his job and character?）
What（作动词宾语）do you want?
I know what（=I have an idea）．
I will tell you what（=something）．
He keeps dogs，cats，birds and what not（or and what all，and what have you）（=and the like）．
He knows what is what（=what is good，useful or important）．
What（作介词宾语）are you looking at?（也可说At what are you looking?但较文气）
What can I depend on?（或说On what can I depend?）
What do you follow me for?［或说For what（=Why）do you follow me?］（这类介词可放在句末，也可放在句首）
I must give the boy what-for（=punishment）．
What's new?（打招呼用语）
At what time（or In what respect，By what means，In what circumstances）did you defeat him?（作定语，这类介词只能放在句首，不能放在句末，不可说What time did you defeat him at?）
What is an elephant like?（问是什么样子）
“Roy Chen divorced Joy Lee．” “What?”（=Say it again，这时说Pardon?更好些）
What（=Which）subject in your school do you like best?
What of（or about）（=What news is there about）your business?（问情况如何）
What about（=What would you say）some more drinks?（提出建议）
What if（=What will or would happen if）he knows the secret?
