(5)重音在第二音节的词，如[pəˈlaitə]，politest[pəˈlaitist]。
，sevére，inténse，obscúre，profóund，remóte，， more or most ，grotésque，Chinése；more or most afráid，awáre，alóne，，apárt，contént（还有其他专门用作补语的形容词）
(6)下述形容词，如crueler，cruelest。
dismal，cruel，common，stupid，distinct，pleasant，quiet，profound，civil，exact
所有这些形容词也可以加more和most，只有cruel除外。
395 上面未提到的双音节词，通常多加more和most。
原级 比较级 最高级
cautious more cautious most cautious
foolish more foolish most foolish
cheerful more cheerful most cheerful
active more active most active
charming more charming most charming
crooked more crooked most crooked
docile more docile most docile
constant more constant most constant
396 三音节或更多音节的词通常都加more和most。
原级 比较级 最高级
beautiful more beautiful most beautiful
affable more affable most affable
digestible more digestible most digestible
malignant more malignant most malignant
但加-er和-est的双音节形容词，在加上un-这样的否定前缀时，仍采用加-er，-est的方式。
原级 比较级 最高级
untidy untidier untidiest
unlucky unluckier unluckiest
unholy unholier unholiest
unhappy unhappier unhappiest
impolite impoliter impolitest
ignoble ignobler ignoblest
397 现在分词和过去分词（起形容词作用的动词），不管有多少音节，都加more和most。
现在分词 过去分词
interesting interested
astonishing astonished
discouraging discouraged
tiring tired
charming charmed
shocking shocked
398 以-ful，-ed，-ing，-able及-id结尾的词，为了达到某种效果，可以加-er，-est，如cheerfulest，wretchedest，cunningest，damnablest，candidest，但这是不规范的。
399 如果几个形容词修饰同一名词，它们可以采取一种方式，或全加-er，-est或全加more，most。
That is a bolder，sordider and horrider way．
He is the meanest，falsest，but cleverest fellow I ever have known．
He may be the most proud，most free，most energetic and most enterprising man in our city．
在这种情况下，如果两种方式都用，可以前面加-er，-est，后面加more，most。
He is the merriest，cleverest，most intelligent，most courageous of my friends．
有时只在第一个形容词前加more，most，后面形容词前都不再加什么。
He may be the most proud，free，and energetic（=most proud，most free and most energetic）man in the city．
The road is more rugged，muddy and hilly than any others．
400 总之，上述规律一般是有效的，但并不是十分严格的。它们可能受音韵、个人喜好及其他因素的影响。
401 还有一些形容词有不规则的比较形式。
原级 比较级 最高级
good（well） better best
bad（ill，evil） worse worst
many（much） more most
little less（lesser） least
old older（elder） oldest（eldest）
late later（latter） latest（last）
far farther（further） farthest（furthest）
near nearer nearest（next）
402 下面主要表示空间的词，只在后面加-er及-most，原级词除hind外都是副词。但这种比较级不能和than引起的从句一起用。比较级和最高级都只用在名词前作限制性形容词。
原级 比较级 最高级
hind hinder hindmost
fore former（过去的，前者） foremost（最前面的，最早的，最重要的）
in inner inmost（or innermost）
out outer（更靠外的，离中心较远的） outmost（or outermost）（离里面或中心最远的）
out utter（极为） utmost（or uttermost）（最大的）
up upper upmost（or uppermost）
有些表示空间的词不加-est，而只在后面加most，如middle，middlemost；top，topmost；end，endmost。
top，bottom，front，back，head，left，right，centre，deep，north，northern
403 某些以-or结尾的词没有原级及最高级。其中5个已失去比较的意义（1）；有9个和to引起的短语一起用，而不和than引起的从句一起用（2）。
(1)interior，exterior，ulterior，minor，major：
The interior part is of major importance．
(2)senior，junior，superior，inferior，anterior，posterior，prior，previous，subsequent：
John is five years senior to Richard，but inferior to him in intelligence．
Prior（or Previous）to（=before）their marriage，they did not know each other．
404 合成形容词大多在前面加more及most。
原级 比较级 最高级
foolhardy more foolhardy most foolhardy
short-sighted more short-sighted most short-sighted
home-sick more home-sick most home-sick
red-hot more red-hot most red-hot
plain-spoken more plain-spoken most plain-spoken
far-fetched more far-fetched most far-fetched
public-spirited more public-spirited most public-spirited
out-of-fashion more out-of-fashion most out-of-fashion
up-to-date more up-to-date most up-to-date
但若第一个词是大家熟悉的单音节词，则-er或-est都加在这个词的前面。此外，最高级比比较级用得多得多。
原级 比较级 最高级
large-sized larger-sized largest-sized
kind-hearted kinder-hearted kindest-hearted
dull-witted duller-witted dullest-witted
fine-looking finer-looking finest-looking
hard-working harder-working hardest-working
long-lasting longer-lasting longest-lasting
old-established older-established oldest-established
long-cherished longer-cherished longest-cherished
wide-read wider-read widest-read
well-known better-known best-known
well-behaved better-behaved best-behaved
soft-spoken softer-spoken softest-spoken
B．副词
405 单音节副词和单音节形容词一样，都以加-er，-est的方式构成比较级和最高级。
原级 比较级 最高级
soon sooner soonest
long longer longest
low lower lowest
loud louder loudest
hard harder hardest
406 双音节副词，特别是以-ly结尾的，大多加more和most。
原级 比较级 最高级
wisely more wisely most wisely
skilfully more skilfully most skilfully
suddenly more suddenly most suddenly
beautifully more beautifully most beautifully
（例外情况：seldom，seldomer，seldomest；early，earlier，earliest；often，oftener，oftenest）
407 在口语中，形容词的比较级有时可用作副词，尽管原级不能这样用。
He talks cleverer（=more cleverly）than I．
We must look closer（=more closely）to see all the details．
He explained it clearer（=more clearly）than I．
He ran quicker（more quickly）．
Please walk slower（=more slowly）．
He handles matters cleverer（=more cleverly）than you think．
He can write easier（=more easily）than I．
Easier said than done．
He talks the cleverest（=most cleverly）of all．
He explained it the clearest（=most clearly）of all．
I lived happiest（=most happily）in 1965．
408 不规则副词有特殊的比较级及最高级。
原级 比较级 最高级
near nearer nearest（next）
far farther（further） farthest（furthest）
farthermore（furthermore） farthermost（furthermost）
well better best
ill（badly） worse worst
much more most
little less least
late later（latterly） latest（last）
C．Less（或Least）＋形容词（或副词）
409 Less和least可加在各类音节的词前，表示“较不……”或“最不……”，可称为较低级（Lower Degree）或最低级（Lowest Degree）。
原级 较低级 最低级
small less small（=larger） least small（=largest）
short less short（=longer） least short（=longest）
easy less easy least easy
beautiful less beautiful least beautiful
slowly less slowly least slowly
energetically less energetically least energetically
四、某些比较级与最高级的用法
410 某些不规则形容词和副词的比较级及最高级可能有原级所没有的特殊意义。
Elder及eldest只用在表示兄弟姐妹及子女的名词前。
Older及oldest可以和任何名词一起用，用于各种位置。
Elder，eldest及older和oldest的反义词为younger和youngest。
John is older than Richard．
His oldest house lies on the opposite side．
He is my elder brother（可说older brother，美国用法）．
The eldest son died last year．
She is the elder of the two．
He is an elder（=old and respectable）statesman（特殊用法）．
411 Nearest表示“最近的”，next表示“紧挨着的”或“下一个”。
This is the nearest post-office to our school．
Who of you lives nearest to Mr．Lee?
He is my nearest（=dearest）relation．
It is a subject nearest to his heart．
He lives next to my house．
The next chapter is on music．
The next best thing to do is to wait and see．
He sat next to me（=by my side）．
He lives next door．I don't like people next door．
His reply is next door to（=almost）a refusal．
Come next Monday（下星期一）．
He came the next（=the following）Monday（之后的星期一）．
412 More，Most的用法。
What is more（=more important），he is very ill．
Do it once more（=once again）．
I shall not go any more（=go no more）．
Life is getting more and more（越来越）difficult．
He has studied English ten years，more or less（大致）．
Most（=The majority of）students are not interested in mathematics．
These people are for the most part（=mostly，on the whole）ignorant and stubborn．
We have to make the most of（充分利用）what we have．
It is a most（=very）easy job．
413 Better，Best的用法。
He sold the better（=greater）part of his estate．
He must speak with his better half（=wife）．（口语用法）
I know better than to（=am wise or experienced enough not to）hurt her feelings．
He says he is honest，but I know better（=I don't think so）．
I have been waiting for the best part of a day（=almost all day）．
414 Less表示“比较少的”，可用在不可数名词前面或另一位置；Lesser表示“次要的”，只可用在可数名词前面。
He has less money and less confidence than his brother．
He has less trouble（but fewer troubles）than last year．
I have less chance（but fewer chances）than he．
We have less students（不规范用法）this year．
He is less than sixty．
Can I have a bit less noise?
His salary is less than $300．
We have to choose the lesser evil of the two．
We have many lesser things to do．
He got a lesser share．
415 Farther和further都表示距离（更远），但只有further可表示“进一步”“更多的”。
It is dangerous to go farther（or further）．
There is a mirror at the farther（or further）end．
He went to the farther side of the river（or the road，the sea）．
Wait till further（不用farther）notice．
Let us discuss it further（不用farther）．
Further（=Furthermore），we must have a guide．
We try to further（=promote）（作动词）research work．
416 Latter，Later，Latest，Last的用法。
She learns shorthand and dancing，but the former（=shorthand）seems harder to her than the latter（=dancing）．
He died in the latter（=second）half（or part）of this year．
Richard is waiting for his latter end（=death）and he has been unhappy in his latter days（=the days before his death）．
Don't ask me．You'll learn it later（=afterwards）．
A month later they were divorced．
The latest（=most recent）news is bad．
The latest edition was published two years ago．
His last（=final）work was published in 1700．
The last three years of his career were remarkable．
He came last（=previous）Monday（or on Monday last）.
I have received your last（=most recent）letter．（口语用法）
He spent his last（=only remaining）dollar．
Rebellion will be their last remedy．
I am the last man（=not the man）to cheat．
It is the last thing（=not the thing）I want to see．
Marriage is of the last（=utmost）importance to me．
Sure，this job is difficult in the last degree．
五、3个级别总论
417 形容词和副词的比较级别，由于结构几乎相同，在这里将一起讨论。
John is as diligent（形容词）as Richard．
John works as diligently（副词）as Richard．
John is more diligent（形容词）than Richard．
John works more diligently（副词）than Richard．
John is the most diligent（形容词）of all．
John works the most diligently（副词）of all．
418 原级可以单独使用（1），也可和as引出的从句一起用（2），如果意思明显，有时从句中一部分词可以省略（3），或是全部省略（4）。
(1)He is honest．He treats people honestly．
(2)He is not so honest＋as he is intelligent．
(3)He treats people as honestly＋as his brother（treats people）．
(4)I stand five foot，but he is not so tall（＋as I am tall）．
419 比较级（包括前面加less的形容词或副词）通常都和than引起的从句一起用（1），如果意思明显，从句中一部分词可以省略（2），或是全部省略（3）。
(1)His brother speaks English better＋than I speak Japanese．
(2)His brother is less honest＋than he（is honest）．
(3)Nobody is more honest（＋than this man）．You cannot find anyone better（＋than this man）．
I have never been more hungry（＋than this time）．
420 最高级多和一个表示比较范围的词、短语或从句一起用，如果意思明显，这部分也可省略。
His brother is the most honest man today（or in this city，I ever saw）．
421 和普通的形容词和副词一样，比较级和最高级也可放在几个位置。
The businessman is a cleverer（限制性，放在名词前面）man than the peasant．
He is cleverer（作补语）than anyone else．
Cleverer（解释性定语）than anyone，he grew rich．
He is the cleverest man of all．
He is the cleverest in this area．
The cleverest in this area，he grew rich．
More quickly than one expected，he agreed．
422 比较级可有一个副词或副词短语修饰，表示程度或方式。
There is a yet harder problem．A still more dangerous enemy is lurking behind．He grew angrier still．
This is much（or far，greatly，decidedly，inconceivably，even，a lot，by far，a great deal，many times，seven times，slightly，somewhat，a little，a bit，little）better than that．
Too much reading makes me all the（=even）more stupid．
Take more rest and you'll get well all the sooner．
That is all the prettier this flower grows（=This flower can't grow prettier than that）．（不规范用法）
That's all the colder it becomes（=It can't be colder）．（不规范用法）
He is younger than I by four years．
This road is longer by fifty miles than that．
（比较：His salary has increased by 20 dollars．）
最高级也可由一个表示程度或方式的副词或副词短语修饰。
It is far（or much，a great deal，a good deal，far and away，by long chalks，out of sight，out and out，easily，naturally，incomparably）the best（or the most lucky）choice．
He is nearly（or almost，about，not quite）the cleverest man I know．
423 原级的形容词也可借助其他词，表示某人或某物（1）“同样地”，（2）“更……”或（3）“最……”。
(1)We are equally poor．（=I am as poor as he．）
(2)He is not so poor as I．（=I am poorer than he．）
(3)Nobody is so poor as I．（=I am the poorest of all．）
比较级的形容词也可表示（1）“同样……”或（2）“最……”。
(1)She is no younger than（as old as）her husband．
(2)He is older than anyone else（=the oldest）in the army．
最高级形容词也可表示原级的意思。
He is none of the youngest（=old）．
六、同等程度表达法
424 同等程度（即“同样地……”）主要由“as＋原级＋as”表示。第1个as为副词，意思和so差不多，表示“那样地”；第2个as起关系代词的作用（1），或是用作连词（2）、（3）。
(1)He has as much money as he wants．（as引起的从句修饰名词money）
You can marry as good a wife as you like．
He accepted as many people as applied．
(2)The king is as cruel as the queen is kind．（as引起的从句修饰副 词as）
My house is as far from the school as yours is far from the church．
(3)He speaks English as fluently as you speak Japanese．（as引起的从句 修饰副词as）
Europeans eat bread as naturally as Asians eat rice．
They want war as eagerly as we want peace．
425 在as从句中，用于比较的词必须说出，与主句中的词重复的部分通常省略掉。
Mary is as tall as Lilian（is tall）．（主句的主语Mary和从句的主语Lilian相比）
He is as patient as an ox（is patient）．
He speaks German as fluently as any German（speaks it）．
Rice is as important a food as wheat（is important）．
I can help him as much as I should（help him）．（助动词和助动词相比）
I do help him as much as I can．
Your idea is as fine as（it）can be（fine）．
He writes English as easily as（he）reads it．（主要动词和主要动词比）
He works as happily as（he）plays（happily）．
He is as silly as he looks（silly）．（系动词和系动词相比）
He remains as much a playboy as he was（a playboy）．
He speaks German as fluently as（he speaks）Japanese．（动词宾语和动词宾语相比）
He handles great things as easily as（he handles）small ones．
He is as brave as（he is）wise．（补语与补语相比）
He is as much a knave as（he is）a fool．
He is as happy now as（he was happy）before．（副词与副词相比）
He is as happy in this miserable condition as（he was happy）in his prosperous days．（副词短语和副词短语相比）
He looks after the puppies as carefully as（he looks）after his children．（介词短语与介词短语相比）
He is now as happy as（he was happy）when he just got married．（副词与副词状语相比）
It is as cold here as（it is）in Canada．（副词与副词短语相比）
I will go as soon as（it is）possible．（as从句无词相比）
He is as happy（now）as before．（有时主句中的明显部分也可以省略，如now）
