Will you succeed?
(h)Will he（or she，John，they，those men）succeed?
(i)Shall I（or we）succeed?
Will I（or we）succeed?（美国英语）
例句。
(g)Shall you see Wang this evening?
Shall you be at home tomorrow?
When shall you need the money?
Shall you be angry if she says that?
（在这样用时，will比shall用得更多一些）
(h)Will he be arrested?
Will they meet him on the street，if they go at nine?
Will Wang be pleased with me?
(i)Shall I be a good husband?
Shall I understand English in four or five years?
What shall we learn next term?
How long shall I live?
Shall we have war or peace?
Will（=Shall）I meet her at the party?（美国英语）
Will we have peace or war?
777（4）在问句中表示第二人称（you）的意愿。
形式。
(j)Will you pay the cost?
(k)Shall I（or we）pay the cost?
(l)Shall he（or she，John，they，those men）pay the cost?
(m)Will I（or we）pay the cost?（少见）
例句。
(j)Will you go or stay?（Do you wish to go or stay?）
Will you dine with me this evening?
Will you kindly（or be kind enough to，be so kind as to）show me the way?
When will you lend me the book which you say is very interesting?
Will（or Won't）you dine with me?（邀请）
Will you do me the pleasure（or the honour）of dining with me?
How will you settle the problem which nobody can settle?
Why will you go（=Are you so obstinate as to go）so soon?
Will you stop（=Are you willing to stop）making that noise?（不耐烦）
Open the door，will you?
(k)What shall I do?（=What do you want me to do?）（Shall I比shall的任何其他用法都更普通）
Shall I open the window?（=Do you agree with me to open it?）
Who shall I speak to?（=Who do you want me to speak to?）
When shall I be paid?（=When do you want to pay me?）
I（or We）will go（=wish to go）to the pictures，shall I（or we）（=do you allow me or us to）?
Shall we have an examination?
(l)Shall he pay you tomorrow?（=Do you want him to pay you tomorrow?）（用于第三人称后的时候极少）
When shall they start the game?
Who shall be the umpire?
Shall they be punished?
(m)“Will you do it?” “Will I do it? Of course not．”
“Will you go?” “Will I?（=Of course，I will．）”
We won't do it，will we?
What will I not do?（=I will do anything．）
778（5）在问句及答句中表示单纯的将来动作或意愿。
表示单纯的将来动作
Shall you succeed? I shall succeed．
Shall I succeed? You will succeed．
Will he succeed? He will succeed．
表示意愿
Will you go? I will go．
Shall I go? You shall go；You may go；Yes，please．（这样说命令的口气弱些）
Shall we go? You shall go；You may go；We（we中包括I）will go；or，Let us go．
Shall he go? He shall go；He may go；Let him go；or，Yes，please．
779（6）在间接引语中表示意愿或单纯的将来动作。
He says to me，“you shall not do so．”和I ask him，“when will she come?”这两个句子中都包含直接引语，如果变成He says to me that I shall not do so.和I ask him when she will come.就都包含间接引语。在前面两个句子中，He和I可称作第一主语，you和she可称作第二主语，says和ask为这类句子中的引语动词。可以跟间接引语或名词从句的动词有say，state，reply，declare，explain，suggest，advise，hear，see，notice，understand，feel，know，think，imagine，suppose，know等。还有一些短语也可跟这类结构，如be afraid，be aware，be glad，be of opinion，be under apprehension，have no idea等。
在改为间接引语时，有时shall，will保持不变，尽管第二主语的人称已经改变，如：
He says（to you），“I shall succeed．”（=He says that he shall succeed．）
You say（to him），“You will lose all．”（=You say he will lose all．）
如果第二主语和第一主语指同一个人，shall表示单纯的将来动作。
I say I shall succeed．
He says he shall be glad to see you．
如果第二主语和第一主语不是一个人，则shall表示第一主语的愿望（命令或建议）。
He says I shall be promoted．（=He wants to promote me．）
I say he shall be punished．（=I order him to be punished．）
如果第二主语和第一主语不指同一人，will表示单纯的未来动作。
He says you will get sick．
You say he will die very soon．
如果第一主语和第二主语指同一人，则will表示第二主语的意愿。
He says he will come．
I say I will do my best．
780 此外，从下面句子中不难看出，第一主语和第二主语指同一人时，如shall表示单纯的未来动作，则will表示意愿；如shall表示意愿，则will表示单纯的未来情况。反过来也如此。在下面例句中，U表示单纯的未来情况，I代表意愿，fail表示单纯的未来情况，try表示意愿。
I know I shall（or will美式）fail（U），but I think I will（I）try．（在第一主语、第二主语均为I时，shall表示单纯的未来情况，will表示意愿）
I suggest you shall（I）try and I don't think you will（U）fail．（在第一主语为I，第二主语为you时，shall表示意愿，而will表示单纯的未来情况）
I propose he shall（I）try，although I am sure he will（U）fail．（第一主语为I，第二主语为he时，shall表示意愿，will表示单纯的未来情况）
You know I shall（U）fail，but do you expect that I will（I）try?
You advise that I shall（I）try，and you don't care whether I will（美国用法，在英国shall用得更多些）（U）fail．
You are sure you shall（用will时更多些）（U）fail，but you tell me you will（I）try．
I insist that he shall（I）try，you have no idea that he will（U）fail．
He believes that I shall（or will）（U）fail，so he doubts whether I will（I）fail．
He orders that I shall（I）try，because he doesn't think I will（美式）（U）fail．
He wonders whether he shall（用will时更多些）（U）fail，but he tells me he will（I）try．
He suggests that she shall（I）try，although he knows she will（U）fail．
Will可用来代替shall表示第一主语的命令或请求，在这种情况下，第二主语似乎将按此行事（参阅755节）。
He says we will come at eight．
They say you will hand in the papers．
Do you say they will start tomorrow?
I say you will stay here until the end of this year．
781 更多例句。
表示单纯的未来情况：
We think we shall never live to see him again．
He asks me whether I think I shall succeed．
He predicts that I shall be rich in ten years．
I hear that he will take back the property．
You don't know what John will do．
I hope he will not commit suicide because of her．
Nobody can say what he himself will be in five years．
I trust you and I will live happily together．
He thinks he shall die，but the doctor says he will not．
表示意愿：
I can tell you what I shall say，but not what I will．
He says he will do anything you ask him to do．
I believe nobody will do a thing harmful to himself．
He always promises that you shall have his daughter．
He determines（or expects）that his daughter shall marry Wang．
He suggests（or advises，demands，requires，orders，commands，etc．）that somebody shall do it，or something（shall）be done．（shall在这种情况下可省略）
They are determined（or anxious）it（shall）be done at once．
People ignore the rule that nobody shall smoke here．
Always remember my desire，girl，that you shall never marry a rich man．
注：如同在一般将来时中那样，在j．将来进行时、k．将来完成时，及m．将来完成进行时中，shall通常都由will代替。
j．将来进行时
782 形式。
I shall be travelling．
I（or You，He，John，They，Those men）will be travelling．
783 将来进行时的用法。
(1)表示在将来一段时间正在进行的动作。
He will be working hard next week（=throughout next week）.
We shall be travelling this time next year．
I will be enjoying myself while you are working hard．
She will be taking care of the children while you are gone．
时间状语有时不说出：
We shall be meeting again（or from time to time）.
They will be discussing it．
784（2）除了表示未来以外，还可表示亲切、客气的语气。
I shall be thinking of you．
Will you be staying here long?
Shall you be getting home late?
Shall I be disturbing you?
You will be killing yourself．
I shall be telling him to keep silent．
785（3）表示可能性。这样用时，这个“将来”时态实际上指现在的情况（参阅790节）。
He will（=may）be expecting me．
You will be deceiving yourself．
You will be making a mistake．
786 在这个时态中，用shall，will表示意愿的情况不是很多。
k．将来完成时
787 形式。
I（or You，He，John，They，Those men）will have done it．
I shall have done it．
788 将来完成时的用法。
(1)表示将来某时或某动作发生时业已完成的动作。
I shall have written the letter by ten o'clock tomorrow．（=I shall finish it before ten．）
He will have been graduated before 1980．
She will have been married to another man when you return from abroad．
The patient will have died by the time his son arrives home．
I shall have done it next Friday（or in less than two months，when you come back）.
I shall have finished it by next Sunday．
He will have written it tomorrow at noon．
在以if，unless，when，before，after，as soon as等连词引起的状语从句中，通常都以现在完成时代替这个时态。
I intend to go to college after I have completed my high school course．
You will like the book after you have read it．
I will let you know as soon as I have decided．
789（2）表示一个持续到将来某时或某个动作发生时的动作。这样用时，必须有一个表示未来时间的状语。
By next Sunday he will have lived in Bangkok for twenty years.
The concert will begin at 9 p．m．They will have played half an hour when we arrive．
By the time I leave school I shall have studied English six years.
790（3）表示一个可能已完成的动作。这样用时，这个“将来”时态实际上表示一个过去情况（参阅785节）。
It is eleven．He will（=may）have gone to bed（=It is likely that he has gone to bed）.
He has become rich．He will have forgotten his friend（=It is probable that he has forgotten his friend）.
Did you go to the gambling house last night? You will have lost all you have．
791 在这个时态中，表示意愿的时候是极少的。
l．将来完成进行时
792 形式。
I（or You，He，John，They，Those men）will have been doing it．
I shall have been doing it．
793 将来完成进行时和将来完成时的用法很相近，将来完成进行时更多强调动作本身，但这个时态用得不多。
794 将来完成进行时的用法。
(1)表示将来某时某事之前业已在发生的动作。
He will have been playing on the piano by that time．
795（2）表示将来某时某动作已持续多久。
By the time the sun rises，I shall have been sleeping for nine hours．
He will have been studying Chinese seven years by 1980．
By six this evening I shall have been working for ten hours．
It will have been raining for a whole week if it rains again tomorrow．
796（3）表示一种猜想，实际上指现在的情况。
He will（=may）have been waiting for me．But I cannot go，because it is raining．
It is winter．It will have been snowing in the north．
2．时态的进一步探讨
a．过去将来时
797 形式。
I（or You，He，She，John，They，Those men）should do it．
I（or You，He，She，John，They，Those men）would do it．
I（or You，He，She，John，They，Those men）should have done it．
I（or You，He，She，John，They，Those men）would have done it．
798 除了12个主要时态，还有一个时态值得注意，那就是过去将来时。
如果今天是5月15日，我今天说He will come in three days．我的意思是：He will come on May 18．如果这话是3月5日说的，我的意思是：He would come on May 8．Would come表示从过去某时看将来发生的事，这就是一般过去将来时。在这个时态中主要用would，很少用should。Would come也可以说是will come的过去形式。
Ten days ago he asked me whether I would go to Hong Kong the following day．（一般过去将来时）
I hoped I should be well again very soon．
He asked for the thing he would never get．
There were some signs that this party would collapse．
He would be one year old in six days．
He was in a hurry．He would leave for Singapore．
He asked me some questions．Would I be busy today? Would I dine with him?
同样还有过去将来完成时，这个时态表示从过去某时看将来某时将已完成的事。
I thought he would have gone when the police arrived．（从过去观念看）
比较：I think he will have gone when the police arrives．（从现在观念看）
I hoped I should have left this terrible city by the next Monday．
The way to the station was so long．The train would have started when he arrived at the station．
此外，还有过去将来进行时，这个时态表示从过去某时看将来某时将正在进行的动作。
I thought you would be sleeping now．
She didn't know we should（would）be worrying about her．
最后还有过去将来完成进行时，这个时态表示从过去某时看将持续到将来某时的动作。
I knew I should have been sleeping before she finished making herself up．
He said by 1979 he would have been living in the forest for 20 years.
这4种时态单独使用时较少，主要用在间接引语和名词从句中。如果主要谓语动词为过去时，则从句中的谓语在表示将来情况时，都应用过去将来时。换句话说，在这类从句中，will必须改为would，shall可以改为should，但实际上改为would时更多，有时可改为was（were）going to。试比较下面各对句子：
I know I shall fail，but I think I will try．
I knew I should fail，but I thought I would try．
I suggest that you shall try and I don't think you will fail．
I suggested you should try and I didn't think you would fail．
I propose that he shall try，although I am sure he will fail.
I proposed that he should try，although I was sure he would fail．
You know I shall fail，but do you expect that I will try?
You knew I was going to fail，but did you expect that I would try?
You are sure you shall fail，but you tell me you will try．
You were sure you were going to fail，but you told me you would try．
He believes that I shall fail，so he doubts whether I will try．
He believed that I was going to fail，so he doubted whether I would try．
He says we will come at eight in the morning．
He said we would come at eight in the morning．
They say you will hand in the papers．
They said you would hand in the papers．
b．表示将来时间的各种方式
799 除了前面谈的情况，还有许多其他表示未来动作的方式，它们每一种都有自己的特别含义。
观察下面各类句子：
(1)I shall（or You will，He will）leave for Hong Kong．（单纯的未来情况）
(2)I will（or You shall，He shall）leave for Hong Kong．（表现了说话人的意愿）
(3)I leave for Hong Kong next month．（事前安排——通常带有时间状语）
(4)I am to leave for Hong Kong．（事前安排）
(5)I am leaving for Hong Kong next month．（事前安排，比较随便的说法——通常都是时间状语）
(6)He is（or You are，I am）going to（=intends to）leave for Hong Kong．（表示个人打算）
(7)He（or The tree）is going to（=is very sure to，is very likely to）die．
(8)I am ready to leave for Hong Kong．
(9)I am（just）about to leave for Hong Kong．（快发生的事）
(10)I am on the point（or verge，brink，eve）of leaving for Hong Kong．（即将发生的事）
(11)I shall be leaving for Hong Kong．（亲切、客气的说法）
(12)I shall have left for Hong Kong by next morning（or when you call again）.（将来某时将已完成的动作）
(13)Were I to leave for Hong Kong next week，I should be late for the meeting．（虚拟，下周不去）
c．时态的其他叫法
800 12个时态可以有更简明的叫法，例如present indefinite可以叫作present simple，present perfect可以叫作before-present，present continuous可以叫作during-present，present perfect continuous可以叫作before-and-during present，等等。
d．时态的呼应
801 在一些复合句中，有些从句的时态要受主句时态的影响，要做必要的改变，这称为时态的呼应（Sequence of Tenses）。一个句子中动词的时态不必受前后句子中动词时态的影响，如：
He arrived（一般过去时）yesterday．He is now staying（现在进行时）at a hotel．Tomorrow he will start（一般将来时）for Rangoon．
802 在并列句中，一个分句中动词的时态也不必受另一分句时态的影响。
John came yesterday，and Mary is coming now，but William will be absent．
803 在复合句中，如果主句中动词为过去时（一般过去时、过去完成时及过去进行时），从句中的动词就常要受到影响（在有些情况下可以不受影响），也要用过去时。
主句 从句
He was honest， though he was poor．（状语从句）
He did not leave off until he had succeeded．
We were talking when the bell rang．
The bell rang while we were talking.
I inquired what he had done at home．（名词从句）
We understood how he was feeling．
I suspected that they would refuse to surrender．
He found the book which he had lost days ago．（定语从句）
H spoke to John， who he knew would help him．
但有时可以不受影响，如：
Yesterday I met the lady who is now standing there．
The old man who will co-operate with me earned lots of money during World War II．
He was very busy these several days because he leaves for Europe tomorrow．
804 在复合句中，如主句动词为现在时或将来时，从句动词可用任何时态，不受主句影响。
主句 从句
I know，or you will learn that he is helpful．
that he works hard．
that I have been doing my best．
that he will be doing something great．
I want to see the man who came yesterday．
who is waiting there．
who will show me something．
I will wait if he said he wanted to see me．
while you are preparing．
until you are ready．
