1246 a．动词＋（副词或名词）＋介词
(1)He may laugh at（=ridicule）（不及物动词＋介词）my project．（laugh at以project作宾语）
We have been talking about（=discussing）this matter．
You can count upon（=trust）my assistance．
(2)We must keep away from（=avoid）（不及物动词＋地点副词＋介词）those people．
He ran away with（=stole）a million dollars．
They look down on（=despise）humble people．
(3)I paid attention to（=watched）（及物动词＋名词＋介词）his tricks．
She must take care of（=mind）her children．
He made fun of（=ridiculed）you．
但是He threw a glass at me．这个句子和上面3类句子不同，threw a glass at不是成语。threw和at之间虽有亲和力，但glass与它们的关系比较远。再如：
He tied his horse to the tree．
He sold his house for tens of thousands of dollars．
He compared Paris with London．
(4)We are against（=oppose）（系动词＋介词）any form of slavery．
He is above（=despises）money matters．
We are for（=support）John as our chairman．
注意：有许多介词短语可用在系动词后。
He is at grips with（=is fighting）his enemy．
He is in love with（=loves）her．
He is in need of（=needs）money．
Good luck is in store for（=is awaiting）us．
1247 b．（系动词）＋形容词＋介词
(5)John is fond of（=loves）（系动词＋形容词＋介词）wine and women．
He is charmed with（=enjoys）the beautiful scene．
He is doubtful of（=doubts）my sincerity．
(6)He is a man fond of（=分词loving）（形容词＋介词）wine and women．（这种短语和前面句子中的短语不同，前面是谓语动词短语，而这种“形容词＋介词”的短语相当于一个分词，例如loving，修饰它前面的名词，例如man，不过这种分词仍然起及物动词的作用）
John，doubtful of（=doubting）my sincerity，changed his mind．
Charmed with（=Enjoying）the beautiful scene，he forgot to go home．
1248 c．名词＋介词
(7)Indifference to（=动名词ignoring）（名词＋介词）pleasure and pain is not human．（这个“名词＋介词”的短语不是谓语动词，而应看作是相当于动名词的成分，如ignoring，可以用作主语、宾语等，但这种动名词仍然是及物动词）
I can't understand their hostility to（=hating）all foreigners．
His delight in（=loving）poetry is only natural．
注：还有一种及物动词型短语，由及物动词和地点副词构成。例句见1233节。
4．动词后跟介词与不跟介词的情况
1249 有时“不及物动词＋介词”和用作及物动词的同一动词在意义上和作用上都没有多少差别，甚至全无差别。例如：We fought with them．和We fought them．基本上是一样的。He admitted to doing something wrong．和He admitted doing something wrong．也是一样的。下面列出了这类特殊动词：
He admitted（to）（=acknowledged）doing something wrong．
We approached（to）（=came near）our destination．
He has approved（of）（=O.K.'d）my proposal．
He attained（to）power（or prosperity，wisdom，perfection，proficiency，old age）．
He will attest（to）（=bear witness to）my ability and conduct．
He ceased（from）（=stopped）working with the firm．
He confessed（to）（=acknowledged）doing something wrong．
Let me drink（to）your success（=wish you success）．
He has to flee（or fly）（from）the town．
I forbore（from）troubling anybody．
His voice jarred（on）me．
We judge（of）a person by his appearance．
He jumped（over）the hedge．
He lamented（for or over）（=expressed sorrow for）her death（or his misfortune）．
He leaped（over）the ditch．
I never mock（at）anyone．
He mourned（for or over）（=expressed sorrow for）her death（or his loss）．
He owned（to）his fault．
We partook（of or in）（=took a share of）the meal（or the benefit）．
He passed（by）my house．
Sunlight penetrated（or pierced）（into）the mist．
He pondered（on or over）（=seriously considered）the plan．
He repented（of）getting married so hurriedly．
He roamed（over or about）the world．
He ruled（over）a kingdom．
I shared（in）his troubles and his joys（or the cost with him）．
He sought（for or after）wealth and fame．
Nobody can stand（for）（=tolerate）his bad manners．
He succeeded（to）John in his office．
He will testify（to）（=bear witness to）my ability and conduct．
We will treat（of）this subject later．
He trod（on）my toes．
Don't trust（in）（=believe in）this man．
1250 但在多数情况下，这两种结构是有差别的。例如：在He stabbed his enemy中，stabbed表示一个完成的动作，而在He stabbed at his enemy中，stabbed at只表示有这种意图。同样，grasp，strike，catch，shoot，snap，bite，get，guess，reach，clutch也如此。
He shot（at）the thief．
The dog bit（at）the visitor．
He（person）admitted me into the club．He admitted（=received as true）this fact．
It（thing）admitted of no choice（or no excuse，no doubt，no delay）．（=There cannot be any choice...）
He（person）allowed（=permitted）me to choose．He does not allow smoking．
It（thing）allowed of（=admitted of）no choice（or no excuse，no doubt，no delay）．
He answered（=replied to）me．
He will answer for（=be responsible for）my debt．
He arranged flowers（or the books in two classes）．
We arranged（for）a picnic（or a wedding）．
He asked permission（or favour，leave，a high price；a question，my name，the way）．
He asked for Mary（or money，milk）．
He attended（=was present at）the lecture（or school，a meeting）．（名词为attendance）
He attended to（=gave thought to）his work（or his affairs，my wants，my remarks）．（名词为attention）
He attended on（=waited on）the patient（or his master）．
She cannot bear（=cannot endure）the sight of him（or the smell，the sound）．
She bears with（=is patient with）his importunities（or his temper）．
He begged your pardon（or favour，permission）．
He begged（for）money，（of）his friend to help him．
Let us begin this book（=read its first part before other parts）．
Let us begin with this book（=read this book before other books）．
I believe him（or it）（=believe that his remark［or it］is true）．
I believe in him（or it）（=believe that he［or it］is good）．
The city boasts（=is proud of）its beautiful bridge．
He boasts of（=speaks proudly of）his large country house．
He called me（=required my presence，telephoned to me）．
He called to（=shouted loudly to）me．
He called at（=came to）my house．
He called for（=demanded）money．
He called on me（=paid me a short visit）．
I will consult（=seek advice from）a specialist about this matter．
I will consult with（=talk with）my relatives and friends about this matter．
He entered a house（or a school，a club）．（地点）
we entered into details（or conversation，a contract）．（抽象名词）
I entered on（=began）my duty（or my career，a new life）in 1969．（抽象名词）
He escaped（from）death（or an epidemic，starvation，being punished，being discovered）．（抽象名词）
He escaped from the prison（or the world）．（地点）
The birds escaped from the cage．
I fear（=am afraid of）John．
I fear for（=am anxious on behalf of）John．
He felt my pulse（=examined it by touching）．
He felt for the matches（=tried to find them by groping）．
He went on writing（=continued to write）．
He went on with his writing（=continued to write after an interruption）．
I forget the number．（不记得）
I forget about the number．（记不清楚）
I hear her（=I hear her voice）．
I have not heard about her（=learned anything about her）．
I have not heard from her（=received letters from her）．
He tried to improve（=make better）this product．
He has improved on（=produced another thing better than）this product．
He inquired my name（or the reason，the way）．
He inquired of some person about something，inquired into（=investigated）the case，inquired after my health．
He joined a club（or his friends）．（人）
He joined in our conversation（or dancing，the game，a walk）．（活动）
I know John．（认识）
I know of（or about）John．（不太熟悉）
He learned his lessons．
He learned of（=was informed of）her death．
He lectured（=scolded）John．
He lectured on（=made a speech on）an interesting subject．
He meditated（=considered，decided on）revenge．
He meditated on（=thought quietly about）the revenge he had taken．
He tried to meet the problem，decided to meet me at the airport，had to meet his obligations，met some friends on the street，would like to meet a new friend．（多是有意动作）
He met with success（or praise；ill-treatment，an accident，obstacles，a great loss，a storm）．（偶然遭遇）
My memory（or My heart，My eyesight）（thing）failed me．（=I lost my memory，lost courage，lost my eyesight）．
He（person）failed in（=did not succeed in）his business（or the examination）．
Don't offend（=make angry）anybody．（人）
Don't offend against good manners（or the law，traditions）．（抽象名词）
He operated（=managed）a machine（or a store，a farm）．（物）
The doctor operated on（=performed a surgical operation on）John．（人）
He paid the price（or the tuition，my wage，the rent，the taxi fare，the fee，his debt，the bill，the tax，the fine，the rate，the interest，the protection［money］，the postage，the damage）．（款项）
He paid for the goods（or his schooling，the food，the taxi）．（货物或服务）
He played（at）cards，football，hide-and-seek，music，Hamlet．（按照规则）
He played with a dog（or a gun）．（不按照规则）
He practises typing（or dancing，music，English）．（抽象名词）
He practises on the typewriter（or the piano），with the sword（or chopsticks）．（普通名词）
He prepared a dinner（or a speech，a lesson）．
He prepared for a trip（or the examination），against something unpleasant．
He pretended（=claimed falsely）illness．
He pretended to（=claimed）intelligence（or honesty，the throne）．
He provided someone with things necessary．
He provided for his family（or his future，my education，their comfort），against something undesirable．
He pulled the rope．
He pulled at the rope（=gave a tug at it）．
He read a paper（or a book，a letter，a document）．（书面材料）
He read about（or of）the accident（or the President，a historical fact）．（事或人）
He remarked（=noticed）the difference of these two．
He remarked on（=commented on）the management of the school.
He decided to revenge the victim.（为……报仇）
He decided to revenge on the murderer.（向……报仇）
He searched（=examined）my luggage（or my house）.
He searched for（=looked for）smuggled goods（or a criminal）.
He spoke English（or the truth，a falsehood，his mind，a good word for me）.
He spoke about（or of）someone（or something）.
He spied（=say）the dog stealing the meat.
He spied on（=kept watch on）every movement of the enemy.
Let us start（=begin）our journey.
He started with（=began with）a thousand dollars and made a million.
They stormed（=attacked）the enemy's fortress.
He stormed at（=raged against）me.
He talked sense（or nonsense，shop，politics，rubbish，baby，English）.
He talked about some person or thing.
He told the news（or a tale，a story，the secret，a lie，falsehood，a joke，the difference，black from white）.
He told of someone or something.
He treats everybody（person）well（or badly）.
This book treats of（=deals with）education.
Just taste this food.
He has never tasted of（=experienced）peace or happiness.
It tasted of garlic.
He trusted me with money（entrusted me with money）.
He trusted（in）me（=confided in me）.
He watches television every Sunday.
She must watch over（=guard）the house.
He is watching for（=on the look-out for）a chance.
He witnessed（=was present at）the accident.
He witnessed to（=testified to）the truth of John's statement.
5．同根词后跟同样的介词
1251 在这种及物动词型的短语中，词根相同但词类不同的词通常都跟相同的介词。
He depended（动词）upon his father for food and clothing.
He was dependent（形容词）upon his father for food and clothing.
His dependence（名词）upon his father for food and clothing was true when he was very young.
He lived dependently（副词）upon his father for food and clothing.
He differs（动词）from his brother.
He is different（形容词）from his brother.
His difference（名词）from his brother is startling.
He behaves differently（副词）from his brother.
He didn't separate（动词）from her till midnight.
They have been separate（形容词）from each other for ten years.
He can't bear separation（名词）from her．
He can't live separately（副词）from her．
He triumphed（动词）over his enemy．
He was triumphant（形容词）over his enemy．
I heard about his triumph（名词）over his enemy．
He inquired（动词）into the case．
He made an inquiry（名词）into the case．
I invited（动词）him to the party．
I sent him an invitation（名词）to the party．
He is angry（形容词）with me．
His anger（名词）with me is often due to a trifle．
1252 但是也有一些不同情况。某些词的不同词类要跟不同介词。
He acted according（形容词）to the rules．
He acted in accordance（名词）with the rules．
She is affectionate（形容词）to me．
She has an affection（名词）for me．
This alternates（动词）with that．
The alternative（名词）to this is that．
He is ambitious of becoming somebody．
He has a great ambition for becoming somebody．
He is capable of making a bird-cage．
He has the capacity for the task．
He is compassionate to her．
He felt compassion for her．
He took compassion on her．
He is confident of my sincerity．
He has confidence in my sincerity．
He is contemptuous of art．
He feels contempt for art．
This colour contrasts well with that．
This colour is a contrast to that．
He delighted in music．
He was delighted with music．
This criticism will derogate from his reputation．
This criticism will be derogatory to his reputation．
He was descended from Confucius．
He was a descendant of Confucius．
He is desirous of peaceful life．
He has a desire for peaceful life．
He is fond of praise．
He has a fondness for praise．
It hindered us from progress．
It was a hindrance to progress．
He is infatuated with an actress．
His infatuation for an actress got him into trouble．
He is partial to tropical fruits．
He shows a partiality for tropical fruits．
He prepared for a journey．
He packed all things preparatory to a journey．
He prided himself on his wealth．
He was proud of his wealth．
His pride in his wealth is only natural．
The accident resulted from neglect．
The accident is the result of neglect．
He is not respectful to his teachers．
He has no respect for his teachers．
I became surety for my friend．
I was sure of his honesty．
He sympathizes with sufferers．
He is sympathetic to sufferers．（with可用，但用得很少）
He has great sympathy for them．
The firm closed up for want of funds．
The firm is wanting in commercial ethics．
E．介词的省略
1253 在指示形容词（every，each，any，all，this，that，one，the，last or next）前，时间介词in，at，on通常省略。
He came every day．（但是：on Sunday，on July 4）
You can come any hour．（但是：at seven o'clock）
He thought of her each minute．
He plays all day．
I cannot go out this month．（但是：in January）
He was ill that year．（但是：in 1956）
He was ill （on）the day the war broke out．
He was ill （in）the winter he lived at a village．
He came last week and will come again next Monday．
1254 在表示时间长度和距离的名词前，介词for可以用，也可以省略。
He has been waiting（for）three hours．
I have learned English（for）five years．
I wish to talk with you（for）a moment．
They have been married（for）thirty years．
We have to walk（for）five miles．
I drove（for）three hundred miles yesterday．
The cat jumped （for）ten feet up to the fence．
If you move（for）an inch，you are a dead man．
1255 在系动词与age，colour这类名词之间，介词of通常省略。
We are（of）the same age．
