d．We were unable to get by（=pass）because the road was blocked．She got down（=dismounted）from her horse．The train got in．We got off（＝started a journey）．How are you getting on ？I get up at six in the morning．* At last I have to give in（=yield）．Rice is going down（=becoming cheaper）．A rumour went forth（＝became public）．The gun went off（=exploded）suddenly．Our work went on（=continued）．The candle has gone out（=ceased to burn）．I won't hold back（=keep behind）if every one goes forward．Since I have started，I can't leave off（=stop）．Look in（=Pay a short visit）as you pass．While all are busy，don't look on（=be a mere spectator）．Look out（=Take precaution），here comes a truck！I moved in（=moved into a house）after he moved out．All trouble will pass away（=cease to exist）．She passed away（=died）a month ago．
e．The clock ran down（=stopped running，because the battery had exhausted itself）．She ran on（=talked incessantly）．Supplies have run out（=become exhausted）．Bad weather set in（=began）．We set out（=set off）on February 16．He settled down（=established himself）at a small village．*I don't want to listen any more，so shut up ！He stood aside（or apart，aloof）while we were quarrelling．Some stood back（＝retreated），some stood out（＝refused to yield）．The proposal will stand over（=be postponed）till next Friday．At the bad news I stepped back from surprise．The tyrant should step down（=resign）．Many volunteers stepped forward（=offered help）．My brothers quarrelled，but my father never stepped in（=interfered）．He stowed away（=hid in a ship or plane to get a free ride）．The band struck up（＝began to play）．He summed up（=summarized）after a debate．The son tagged behind（or along）（＝followed closely）wherever his mom went．Before I think ahead（=anticipate），I think back（=recall）．Our business is just ticking over（=getting on in a routine way）．We touched down（=landed after a flight）at 6 p．m．Many workers walked out（=refused to work）．
1347 图解：
3．S＋IVp（This cloth wore well．）
1348 约有90个不及物动词用于主动形式却有被动意义，它们通常和表示无生命东西的主语连用。
a．This play acts excellently．The figures will not add up．The bread bakes well．The door blew open．The candle blew out．This bottle does not break．The dust won't brush off the hat．* The luggage carries easily．David's raincoat caught on the nail．Some of the documents don't seem to check with the facts．This cannot compare（favourably）with that．Some of the sentences won't construe．Potatoes will cook slowly．Every minute counts．These people mostly count for nothing．The potatoes cropped well last year，but I think they will crop badly this year．This light wood cuts like butter．The pineapple doesn't cut easily．This piece of cloth will cut up into two suits．Instinct derives from ancestors．Milk digests easily．The wine drinks well．The tooth draws easily．The frog eats like chicken．
b．This dress fastens down the back．* The toilet does not flush．The eggs hatch out easily．This rice won't grind fine．Water heats readily．This cloth irons easily．This house lets well．The door will not lock．These books pack easily．My watch pawns for two dollars．These potatoes peel easily．She photographs（takes）well．The land ploughs hard．* The film does not print well．This story reads ill（or well）．The photo reproduces well．
c．His house rents at$800 a month．This poem does not rhyme．A shame does not rub off．This plastic scratches easily．The play screen badly（=is unfit for filming）．The book sells well．This door won't shut．This cigarette smokes better than others．This wood split straight．This material stains easily．The ship steers with ease．The match will not strike．This paper will not tear．His descent traced back to a king．This poem translates easily．The TV set won't turn on．This board will never warp．This material washes easily．Such shoes wear badly．The plan worked out well．The photo washes out a little．
d．Drums are beating（=are being beaten）．The book is binding（=is being bound）．Some trouble is brewing．Young people are always brimming with new ideas．The house is building．The bridge is completing now．The meal is digesting well．What is doing now？The task is finishing．Guns are firing．Friendship is forming．The theatre is rapidly filling up with people．The fish is frying．The house is leasing．The cows are milking．One boy is missing（or wanting）．He paid what was owing．Music was playing．Something is preparing．My application is processing．The problem is settling this way．* A new film is showing．The boy is shaping well．The seeds of trouble are sowing．The fruits are spoiling quickly．Measures are taking．
1349 图解：
B．各种及物动词＋各种宾语
4．S＋TV＋N或S＋TV．N（John learned Japanese．）
1350 许多及物动词可以用名词或代词作宾语。
John has a plan．Do you like him？* What an interesting book I am reading ！*He speaks English．I love cats．
1351 不及物动词有时和后面跟的名词构成成语。整个成语可以被看成是一个不及物动词。
He lost hope（=despaired）．* He gave ground（=retreated）．*The accident took place（=happened）this morning．
He made the grade（=succeeded）．We made our way（=advanced）to the jungle．
在某些成语中，名词前没有冠词，也没有物主代词。
a．He will bear witness．Her beauty beggars description（=makes words poor）．Don't borrow trouble（=worry about trouble that won't come）．We broke ground（=ploughed，untilled ground，began an undertaking）．Our boat cast anchor．I often caught cold．He caught fever（or infection）．Her house caught fire．He changed colour（=became pale）．His personality commands esteem（or respect）．He never did evil（or ill，wrong）．None of us care whether they do right or wrong，good or harm．We did（= produced）Romeo and Juliet．Jan did（=acted）Juliet．I did（=prepared）omelette（or breakfast）．Tom did（=wrote）poetry．His brother did（=translated）French into English．I did（=studied）electricity．They cry wolf（=give a false warning）just for arms aid．
b．One must exercise patience and caution when one exercises authority and discipline．He felt regret，but not satisfaction．He found time（or leisure）to study．He has finished college．After he took the lead，we followed suit．They gained time by giving me ambiguous answers．My watch gained time．We have gained ground（=got an advantage）．We will soon gain power，if we are patient enough．He gave evidence in the lawcourt．He gave ear（or heed，credit）to the rumour．He gave judgement（or advice，notice，warning，trouble）．I' ve had it（=can't suffer any more）．You hit it（=said the right thing）．This theory doesn't hold water（=isn't valid）．The criminal jumped（or skipped）bail（=gave up the bail money and ran away to avoid trial）．
c．My mother kept house and kept books．Being hospitable he kept open house（=provided hospitability for any comer）．He cannot keep body and soul together（=keep away hunger）．He kept bad company（=associated with bad people）．My watch does not keep（good）time，so I am late．He killed time by reading novels or doing another thing interesting．
d．He left school last year．We may lose ground but will never lose hope．I never lost courage（or heart）after I failed．Be quick，don't lose time．He lost self-control（or himself）in moments of stress．
e．Mother makes dinner．It seemed late，but he made good time（=travelled fast and arrived on time）．He doesn't work hard，but he makes good salary．Make haste（or speed）．He can make money（or profit），but spend much．After so many years of war we must make peace．I made tea（or hay）．We made way（＝stood aside）for others to pass through．We made way（or headway）（=advanced）in the face of difficulty．He marked time（=spent idle hours）while waiting for his wife．
f．The soldiers mounted（or kept，relieved，stood）guard．He moved heaven and earth（=did everything）to attack his opponent．They opened fire（=started shooting）and killed three of us．The children often play havoc（=do great damage）．He plays politics（＝attains political aims by hook or by crook）．He had broken the window，so he played possum（kept quiet to avoid attention）．He played second fiddle（=held a subordinate place）．He failed because he had often played truant．
g．We raised money for a great project．I can read character from handwriting．He can read music．I must say goodbye now．We said grace（＝said a prayer of thanks before or after a meal）．We set（or made，struck）sail（=began a voyage）in February，1969．He refused to yield，he showed fight．He showed courage（or fear）．He sowed discord among his enemies．He struck oil（=had good luck in some enterprise）．He suffered（or sustained）defeat．
h．Don't take alarm if I tell you some bad news．He has to take breath after climbing upstairs．He took cold and could not work．He takes drink and drugs．Take heart，don't be afraid．The law will soon take effect（＝be effective）．Take exercise every morning and keep healthy．He took flight after murdering a woman．He took medicine（or poison）．Don't take offence（=be offended）．Something strange took place（=happened）in this old house．Let's take rest．We take stock every week．The evil has taken root（=become established）．My dream will take shape（=materialize）next year．He took trouble to help me．
i．Don't tempt providence（=take an unnecessary risk）．He has touched bottom（=is beginning to prosper after his worst days）．The boat turned turtle（=turned upside down）．
在某些成语中名词前有不定冠词，或作复数。
j．He often acted a double part *（=was deceitful）．Since I criticized him，he has borne a grudge（=nursed a grievance）．The enemy beat a retreat（=retreated in a hurry）．Thomas Edison blazed a torch（=started something new）in various fields．Don't breathe a word（=say a word）about this secret．When angry，he calls names（=call somebody by abusive names）．I would like to cross swords（=argue）with this boaster．You have done a good job（=done something well）．I drew a blank（=failed to get any information）when I returned to the office．We must draw a line（=distinguish）between right and wrong．We down tools（=stop work）at six．
k．My sister fixed a date for the celebration．This evening I have a date（or an engagement）（=have a social meeting）with her．I have a job（or a time）（=have trouble）writing this first love letter．（但I have myself a time［＝have a good time］writing it．）As they didn't lift a finger（or a hand）（=didn't give help），I lent（or gave）a hand（=gave help）to the old lady．
l．I made an appointment（=had an engagement to meet someone）for 3 p．m．He made a boast，but who believed him？He made a call over the phone．He made a face（=twisted his face），and then we were no more angry．Don't make a fuss（=get excited about a trifle）．John made a hit（=gave a good impression）at the exhibition of his works．Shall we make a move（=start）right now？Dick made a public appearance after nine years in prison．Thomas makes a quick buck（＝earns money quickly）．We make a row（or a scene）（=started a violent quarrel）from time to time．As soon as we arrived we made reservations for hotel rooms．I must make tracks（=set off）before it is late．William made waves（=created a sensation to impress others）at the party．
m．A big boss behind pulls strings（=secretly exerts influence）．Don't run a risk（=put yourself in danger）．The patient ran a temperature（=had a fever）．The criminal has served a sentence（or time）（=passed term of imprisonment）．I smell a danger in this desolate area．We struck a happy medium（=found an answer between two extremes）．As you committed mistakes for the first time，we might stretch（or strain）a point（=allow an exception to the rules）．
n．I would willingly take a back seat（=occupy an unimportant position）．We take a coffee break（=drink coffee and rest a short while）after two hours of work．He took（or drew）a long breath before he spoke．The situation took a turn（=changed）for the better．He wouldn't turn an honest penny（=make money by honest means）．
在另一些成语中名词前有定冠词或物主代词。
o．Act your age（=Don't be childish）．My warning merely beat the air（=made useless efforts）．I must bide my time（=wait for a good chance）．Someone blacked his eye（=gave him a blow）．He blew his own trumpet（=praised himself）．He has blown his mind（=becomes wildly enthusiastic because of drugs）．He bossed the show（＝controlled everything）．She boxed his ear（＝smacked him on the ear）．I have to break（or cancel，change，postpone）the appointment．After half an hour of silence，I broke the ice（＝overcome reserve）．The news broke her heart．He broke his word（=failed to keep his promise）．I broke the news（=announced the news）to her．They broke the peace（=quarrelled）．He burned his fingers（=suffered a loss through a rash action）．We buried the hatchet（=made peace）．I am not buying it（=am not to be deceived）．
p．He calls the roll（ =calls the names to check who are absent）．Dick carried the ball（or the can）（=did the hardest part of the work）．I carried（or gained）my point（=succeeded）．We carried（or gained）the day（=won）．I caught my breath（=rest after hard breathing）after running．He tried to catch the train but missed it．This advertisement catches my eye．He changed his coat（=became a turncoat）．Don't change your mind．He changed his tune（＝changed his policy）．He cleared his reputation（=free his name from reproach）．He cracked the whip（=suddenly became bossy）to impress me．We crossed the Rubicon（=took a decisive step forward）．When nobody could settle the problem，he cut the Gordian knot（=settle it in an unusual rapid way）．
q．I did the sights（or the travel）（=went sightseeing or took a trip）．The little girl can do（=make clean and tidy）her hair，her teeth，her nails，even the laundry，the bedroom，the dishes．She does（=learns）her lessons well，and can do（=solve）any sum（or problem）．She does her bit（＝does her share of duty）splendidly．He dogged my footsteps（=constantly followed me）because he suspected I was a spy working for foreigners．He drags his feet（or heels）（=hesitates）when asked to work．We drew the swords（=were ready to fight）．He has to eat his words（=take back his words）．Although small，this table fills the bill（=is just right）．I have to face the music（＝face trouble）．He is feeling his way（=proceeding carefully but slowly）．Although they were cripples，they fought the way up the hill．We all follow the crowd．Don't worry，I'll foot the bill（=pay all the expenses）．This number of persons will not form the majority．
r．He got the sack（=was dismissed）．He got the upper hand（=gained control）．He has the courage of his convictions（=acts bravely according to his belief）．This car has had its day（=fallen into disuse）．This small affair hits the headlines（=becomes important news）in this small town．The music hits the public taste．He hits his stride（＝exhibits his best ability）when he tells a story．We will hold the fort（=defend the position）to the last．Hold your temper（=Don't get angry）．I have to hold my tongue（or my peace）（＝keep silent）．I must hold my own（=keep what I have）．We must hold（or keep，maintain）our ground（=keep what we have）．He has always husbanded his resources（=been frugal against an emergency）．
s．I jogged his memory（=reminded him）．He jumped the gun（=started to run before the starter's gun），and jumped the traces（=didn't obey the rules）．The train jumped the rails（or the track）（=suddenly，left the rails）and many were killed．Dick slipped but kept his feet（=kept standing）．He knows his way about（or around）（=understands the ways of the world）．He knows the ropes（or the score）（=knows the special rules）in the export business．He will lead the way（=be a guide）to the old castle．I left the beaten track（＝did not follow the crowd）．He lost his reason（=became mad）．
