i．I'll ring you up（=telephone to you）．They roared out a 21-gun salute．Roll up the sleeping bag before we leave．We roped off（=enclosed with a rope）a space for dancing．Round up（or down）the price（=Bring it to a whole number by raising［or lowering］it）．
j．We save up some money for future needs．I will see（=accompany）you back（or home）．She sent away（=dismissed）all her suitors．Send in（=Submit）your photos for the contest．He sent out invitations to his wedding．His departure was set back two weeks．This discontent set off（=caused）a revolt．We set out（=arranged）the goods for sale．We set up（=establish）a small store on the third floor．Can he shake off（=get rid of）his bad habit？She showed off（=displayed to impress people）her hands．He shut himself away（=confined himself）in his attic．
k．He signed away（=sold by signing legal papers）all his houses．He signed his house over to me．Let's size up（=make a judgement of）the situation．This small accident sparked off（=touched off）his temper．He sorted out（=arranged in classes）all the books he had collected．Switch off（=Turn off）the tape recorder．Sum up（=State briefly）your opinion．
l．Take down（=Write down）my speech，please．I will take over the business he decides to give up．I took up（=got interested in）painting last year．This bed takes up（=occupys）too much space．You can take up（=mention and discuss）the matter with the boss．I can talk round（=persuade）anybody who refuses to cooperate．I have to tear down（=take to pieces）the broken machine．He will tear up（=tear to pieces）the contract when it is no more useful to him．He told off（=reproached）his employees．He can think up（=devise）all kinds of lies．He threw on（=put on）his gown．
1366 在上面所有例句中，及物的动词成语都用名词或代词作宾语，但有些也可用动名词作宾语。
He kept on asking me．* He put off going to the doctor．*
He left off studying French．He gave over（or gave up）smoking．
1367 注意不要错误地把地点副词看作介词，把及物动词看作不及物动词。换言之，不要把第7类谓语类型和下面第8类谓语类型混淆。
1368 图解:
这个符号表示，上方所有的词（动名词短语）应看作一个词类（名词），尽管它们内部各有特定的作用。asking作为动词，以me作宾语，而me和kept on没有直接关系。
8．S＋IV．P＋N/G或S＋IV．P．N（John laughed at me．）
1369 许多不及物动词可跟特定的介词构成成语，整个成语起及物动词的作用，可以用名词、代词或动名词作宾语。
a．You must abide by（=keep）your promises．The river abounds with（=has many）fish．I agreed to his view．We aim at success in the examination．This answer amounts to refusal．I must apologize for my fault．I ask for（=demand）nothing luxurious．He depended upon me for advice．* He dreamed of his grandfather．He got into politics．Don't gamble on it．He imposed on（=deceived）her．He laughed at（=derided）me．She looks after her child．He looked into（=examined）the matter．* He sent for（=summoned）them．I thought of（=considered）this matter．Don't trifle with（=mock）her．
b．He abstained from drinking．His reply amounts to refusing her demand．We began with learning ABC．Happiness consists in being easily pleased．My success depends on my friend helping me．He died from drinking too much．I felt like beating him．He got to drinking．He goes about（=is busy）repairing a car．He heard of his brother having succeeded．We look to moving to a more peaceful country．He objected to being treated like a dog，a slave．He took to reading novels．The paper tells of the enemy having captured the city（=The paper says that the enemy has captured the city）．He thought of going abroad．He wondered at being praised for doing nothing．
1370 很多不及物动词不仅和介词，还可和名词构成成语。这种成语可以看作不及物动词，因为它们后面既不跟宾语，也不跟补语。
a．这种成语中有些名词前不加冠词
They burst into laughter（=suddenly laughed）．* A steamer came into sight（=appeared）．* When did this world come into existence（=come out）？The new law comes into force（=functions）next September．My son came of age last year．He came to grief（=suffered misfortune）．Your letter has come to hand（=arrived）．He cried over spilt milk．Everything ended in smoke．He fell into poverty．The law has fallen into abeyance（=been no longer observed）．Many slang words have fallen out of use（＝been no longer used）．They got into trouble．We got into hot water（=became involved in difficulty）because of jealousy．I went on sick leave．He has gone through fire and water（=undergone the greatest perils）．They go to law（=appeal to court）．The school went to great expense（=spent very much）．I will go to sea（=be a sailor）．He will go to rack and ruin（=perish）．Robbers lay in wait for us．We live from hand to mouth（=can save nothing）．The ship put to sea（=began a voyage）this morning．Don't stand on ceremony（=be formal）．
b．有些名词为复数形式
She burst into tears（=suddenly cried）．The building burst into flames（=suddenly burned）．He fished in troubled waters（=looked for personal advantage in times of national calamity）．The fence fell into pieces．They fought against odds（=fought with men much more than they）．We should keep within bounds（=act with propriety）．They played at cross purposes（=opposed each other）．They played into the hands of another（=acted so as to give some advantage to another）．Don't play with edged tools（=play with things dangerous）．We took to the boats（=used the lifeboats to escape）．
c．有些名词前加“a”
We came to a conclusion．* His plan came to a bad end（or no good）（=failed）．Business has come to a standstill（=stopped）．The two came to an understanding（=began to understand each other）．We will go for a drive（=go in a car for relaxation）．Your argument goes（or flies）off at a tangent（=changed suddenly in its direction）．His life hung by a thread（=depended dangerously on something small）．Provide against a rainy day（=Prepare for any emergency that may arise）．
d．有些名词前加“the”
These two plans come to the same thing（give the same result）．He erred on the safe side（=chose a course erroneous but safe）．His works have fallen into the shade（=ceased to attract attention）．They fought to the bitter end（or to the death）．He goes by the name of Joo（=is familiarly called Joo）．He will go to the bad（=sink into poverty and disgrace）．The situation is going to the bad（=is becoming worse）．The weak will go to the wall（=be pushed aside as helpless）．He need not go to the trouble of employing a tutor（=trouble himself to employ one）．Don't harp on the same string（=keep saying the same thing）．Keep in the shade．He rose to the occasion（=showed that he was equal to it）．
e．有些名词前需加物主代词
Come to your senses（=Stop behaving like a madman）．He fell on his knees（=knelt down）．Poverty fell to his lot（=became his destiny）．He is going about his work（=doing it）．She lies at your mercy（=is subject to your control）．The old widow lives on her own（=lives without help from others）．Do not quarrel with your bread and butter（=do anything harmful to your livelihood）．It rises from its ashes like a phoenix（=live again）．He rose to his feet（=stood up）．The chance slipped through my fingers（＝escaped）．My work will speak for itself（=be visible to all）．He stood on his dignity（=insisted on being treated with proper respect）．He stood to his guns（=defended his rights）．You tread on his toes（=offend him）．He worked on my fears（=caused me to do something for him，by taking advantage of my fears）．
1371 不要错误地以为下面句子的谓语和上面句子中的谓语属于同一类型：
He came on Sunday．（S＋IV）
The children are playing by the tree．
1372 图解：
9．S＋IV．AP．P＋N/G（John looked down on me．）
1373 很多不及物动词可与地点副词和介词构成成语。整个成语可以看作一个及物动词，因为它们可用名词、代词或动名词作宾语。
a．The loss added up to（=amounted to）a million dollars．He bows down to（=flatters）nobody．* He broke away from（=cut his ties with）all his friends．Carry on with（=continue）your work．* Lee cashed in on（=made a profit from）tea．We don't really catch on to（=understand）this custom．I can't catch up with（=overtake）the class this year．I checked out of the hotel two days after I checked in（=signed the register on arriving）．The police checked up on（=investigated）the suspect．He came around to（=agreed，after disagreeing，to）my views．The teacher came down on（=reprimanded）him．I came down with（=caught）a flu．I came near to death（=almost died）．No result came out of the test．He came out with a question．Last year no plays came up to（=equalled）the standard．My friend came up with a good idea．We all cried out against（=opposed）favoritism．Most important，you must cut down on（=reduce consumption of）sugar．He cut in with（=insert）a terribly saucy remark while we were discussing．
b．This custom dates（=or goes）back to the early eighteenth century．We should do away with（=get rid of）all social evils．Everyone does well with him（=treats him well）．He dropped in on（=made an unplanned visit to）my family．He dropped off to sleep（=fell asleep）．He dropped out of（=quit）high school．He ended up as（=finally became）a manager．He ended up with not a cent in his pocket．I have to face up to（=bravely accept）the situation．We have to fall back upon（=depend upon）his support．He fell out with（=quarrelled with）all his friends．I feel up to（=feel capable of undertaking）this job．He will find out about（=get facts about）this matter．He didn't fit in with（=live in harmony with）those foreigners．How can I get away from（=avoid）her nagging？How are you getting on（or along）with（=living together with）your bride？I cannot get out of（=avoid）this trouble．Have you got through with（=finished）that job？Don't give in to（=yield to）your impulse．He goes along with（=agrees with）our party．He goes（or plays）around with（=fools around with）all kinds of girls．He went in for（=got interested in）stamp collecting．He will go on to college．This store will soon go out of business（=end a business）．This sweater has gone out of fashion（=is no more fashionable）．He often goes out with that pretty Japanese girl．She held on to（=kept grasping）his arm．
c．She keeps away from（=avoids）him．We should keep in with（=keep friendly with）our neighbors．I can not keep up with（=overtake）my classmates．This small event led up to（=prepared the way for）his death．Live up to（=Act according to）your promise．I often look back on（=recollect）the old days．He looked back over（=reviewed）his record．Don't look down on（=despise）small people．We are looking forward to（=anticipating with pleasure）your visit．Look out for（=Watch out for）the car．He cannot make up for（=compensate）the loss I have suffered．He made off with（=stole and hurried away with）all my money．Does his school work measure up to（=come up to）his hopes？Last year I met up with（=met by chance）Jane，who I hadn't seen for ten years．The child messed about with（=made a mess of）my desk．
d．He played up to（=tried to please）her．I had to put up with（=bear）these terrible noises every day．I must settle up with（=get even with）the man who has insulted me．Many signed up for（=joined in）the contest．The guests sat down to dinner at eight．I can't sit down with（=suffer without complaint）that insult．We should speak up for（=speak in a loud voice for）justice．This policeman stood in with（=was in secret league with）those gangsters．Why don't we stand out against（=oppose）this evil practice？We should stand up for（=support）this good policy．I always think back to（=recall）my childhood．Think twice about it before you act．Tune in to another radio station．We should wake up to（=realize）the seriousness of our situation．They wait up for me（=They stay awake until I come home）．He walked away with（=easily won）the election．He walked off with（=took away）my umbrella．We walked out of the meeting as an expression of protest．I want out of（=want to be freed from）her nagging．I warmed up to（=became friendly with）my neighbors．We should wise up to（美式）（=finally understand）what is going on．I can't work together with him．
e．He got out of（=avoided）smoking．* We moved on to getting married．We stood up for prohibiting narcotics．* I never turn aside from（=avoid）doing anything good．He went near to（=narrowly escaped）being killed．
1374 图解：
10．S＋TV．N．P＋N/G（John found fault with me．）
1375 很多及物动词和特定的名词和介词构成成语。整个成语可以看作及物动词，因为它们可用名词、代词或动名词作宾语。
a．They caught hold of（=seized）the thief；* caught sight of（=spied）a strange star；declared war on（or against）a foreign country；* found fault with（=censured）me；gained possession of（=got）a large estate；got notice from the police；gave warning to（=warned）us；had（an）interest in（=liked）music；left word with the office boy；lost sight of（=forgot）their purpose；lost touch with（=could not communicate with）all their friends；made war on（=fought）a foreign country；put confidence in（=trusted）me；put（or lost）faith in everyone；took care of their children；took（a）pride in their work．
b．They asked a favour of you；* did a good turn to（=did a service to）me；did an injury to their brother；drew（or formed）a conclusion from（=inferred from）this fact；entertained a fear for（=worried about）this adventure；extended an invitation to（=invited）all their friends；formed an estimate of（=estimated）his abilities；gave an account of（=related）the accident；gave an order to（=ordered）us；gave a trial to the candidate：had a lesson in（=learned）English．
c．They asked the favour of an early supply；cleared the way for the Queen；got（or had）the start of（=gained an advantage over）their rivals；got the better（ or the best）of（=overcame）their competitors；lost the use of their legs；took the consequences of（=submitted to the results of）their folly；took the place of（=replaced）other members．
d．He cleared his mind of prejudice；directed our attention to the vice；did his duty to（or by）his country；found his way to my village；gave his love to his parents；paid his addresses to（=courted）her；raised his voice against（=opposed）the manager；set his mind on（=attended to）his business；shook his head at the news；thrust（or poked，pushed）his nose into（=meddled officiously in）everything；took his eyes off her；took his choice of the books he needed；turned his attention to exportation；turned his back on（or to）（=forsook）his friends．
e．They did much damage to the car；had little notion of this project；had no objection to your proposal；had no patience for（=couldn't stand）those fools；had some relations with the government；made（or lost）a lot of money over coffee；made some reference to Shakespeare；saw no harm in LSD；took no delight in（=didn't like）reading；took some interest in music；took little notice of the crime．
f．He had dealings with（=did business with）us；will go shares with（=divide profits or cost with）his friends；made friends with politicians；made preparations（or arrangements）for the journey；shook hands with us；took pains over the work；took photographs of us；took precautions against theft；took sides with（=supported）a certain political party．
这种动词成语不仅如上面例句表示的，可以用名词作宾语，也可像下面例句表示的，用动名词作宾语。
g．He aimed his efforts at studying nuclear energy；* bore the responsibility of paying the debt of his son；gave his mind to bringing up his children；had no patience for waiting so long；had the pleasure of dancing with Mary；laid claim to being respected as a man；made preparations for starting at 3 a．m.；didn't see his way（clear）to（=didn't find it possible or good）becoming a money-lender；saw no harm in smoking；took no interest in learning any trade；laid claim to being the father of a famous actress who had been an orphan．
1376 很多及物动词可与特定的介词连用，但与作宾语的名词关系并不紧密。这种句型与其说是“TV．N．P＋N/G”类型，不如说是带状语的“TV＋N”类型。
I gave the money to John．* Thank you for your kindness．Compare this with that．Don't throw stones at that dog．He prepared us for the exam．She keeps her children from harm．Please translate this poem into Chinese．It reminds me of her pretty eyes．He asked（or begged，implored）her for pardon（or aid）．They banished（or dismissed，expelled）him from that place．They charged（or presented，provided，supplied，furnished）him with something．
