注意：I doubt whether（但不能用when，where，how）we can meet again and spend，etc．
b．Watch how you spill it．Look what a mess you are making．
Please mark which syllable is stressed．
Beware when you must keep silence．
Notice who is coming with Mary．
c．He saw（or perceived，noticed，sensed，observed）how his friends were suffering from the epidemic（or what important persons were present at the party．）
He could not see why you cooperated with this fool．
He discovered（or found out）where the thieves hid themselves（or where the treasure was kept，when the enemy would start an attack）．
He learned（or realized）how the earth turns round the sun（or who were behind the scenes）．
I hear（or understand）what has happened（or what they are plotting）．
d．I know what you want（or how we should handle this matter of money）．
I cannot conceive（or understand，think，imagine，make out，tell，guess）how he could say such a thing*（or how it could happen，why they treat me so．）
Nobody here believes how difficult it is to cure a disease．
The captain decides（or determines）who shall play in the football match．
He could not judge（or decide，settle）whether the answer was right（or when we should act）．
e．I cannot recollect when he visited us．
He forgot what she had said．
I don't recall how he cheated me．
I still remember how he kissed me．
Can you suggest which is the best way（or when we shall start on our journey）？
David cannot express how grateful he is．
We cannot agree who is to be our representative．
I don't care（or mind）whether I shall fail（or what may happen）．
f．Please say what you want and which of these you like best．
Please repeat what you have just said．
Can you describe how he looks？
Can he explain why he failed？*
History shows how we have struggled，where we are going，and what we should do．
He revealed where John had fallen in love with Helen（or how their leaders quarrelled among themselves）．
He reported how those people were starving．
g．He has calculated how much it costs（or when the building can be finished）．
I'll count how many guests have come．
He can prove（or demonstrate）how mankind have developed from lower animals（or whether it is true）．
We will select who may be our representative．
He could foretell（or forecast）when it would rain；could predict whether there would be a good harvest；prophesied how Christ would come again to the world（or which country would rise and which would decline）；divined when you would fail and rise again．
I read where（=that）（口语体）there will be a storm．
1410 在由疑问词引起的从句中，助动词有时可放在主语前面，句末甚至可用问号代替句号。
I asked how could we settle the matter．（？）
He inquired what should I do．（？）
I wonder when does the war come to an end．（？）
I wonder，can she（用来代替whether she can）excuse me．（？）
1411 有时疑问词引起的从句可以是一个感叹句。
He said how pretty it was．（=He said，“How pretty it is！”）
He exclaimed what a poem he was reading．（=He exclaimed，“What a poem I am reading！”）
He cried out（or interjected）how hard he had worked and what evil treatment he had received．
1412 下面三个小段的意思是一样的：
John met Mary at a bus stop．John said，“I am glad to see you．Where are you going？”（直接引语）
John met Mary at a bus stop．John said he was glad to see her and asked where she was going．（间接引语）
John met Mary at a bus stop．He was glad to meet her．Where was she going？（这也是间接引语，但John said that和he asked被省略）
1413 上面提到的及物动词也可用“疑问词＋不定式”作宾语。
a．We debated（or deliberated，discussed，considered）what step to take．*
I will ask（or inquire）when to begin our lessons．
I am learning how to swim．
He wonders what to do when he grows up．
I have discovered（or found out）how to make this cake．
I cannot understand how to do it．*
I cannot tell where to meet this cheat again．
b．I cannot think how to stop this evil practice．
I don't know whom to apply to．
Have you decided where to study？
Please say which course to take．
I will explain how to use the word “as”．
He won't revealed when to get married．
I don't mind（or care）what to eat．
Can you recollect how to do this？
Don't forget how to please your parents．
I cannot predict when to meet her again．
“S＋TV＋W-I”可以转换为“S＋TV＋W-Cl”。
I cannot understand how to（=how I can）do it．*
I wonder what to（=what I should）do．
I cannot tell where to（=where we or you may）buy a curio．
We shall consider what step to（=what step we must or should）take．
They told me when to（=when they were to）get married．
1414 如果疑问词引起的从句的主语并非是主句的主语，同时又无法从上下文中推想出来，且从句中又不包含can，must，may，should，be to这类助动词，则“S＋TV＋W-Cl”不可转换为“S＋TV＋W-I”。
I know what the government should do．（不可改为I know what to do，除非the government变为I）
He asked where his children can study．（不可改为He asked where to study，除非读者知道children这个词被省略了）
We were discussing how long a man can live．
I know what I want．（不可改为I know what to want，因为从句中没有合适的助动词）
I cannot repeat what I have heard．（不可改为I cannot repeat what to have heard，因为从句中没有合适的助动词，have不是一个合适的助动词）
1415 图解：
注：what在这个句子中有双重作用，即连词的作用（括号中的what）和代词的作用，两者均应在图解中表示出来。
注：how也有连词与副词的双重作用。
注：上面是“疑问词＋不定式”结构的另一种图解法。这里的不定式可以看作是疑问词从句的缩写形式，I can（主语＋助动词）可以看作是被省略，how可以看作有双重作用。
17．S＋IV．P＋W-Cl/W-I（John worried about what he would study/what to study．）
1416 约有20个不及物动词可以和介词（常可省略）构成及物动词短语，用疑问词从句作宾语。
a．He doubted（about or as to）whether he could succeed．*
They must decide（upon）who is to represent their party．
His success depended（or relied）（upon）what people he made friends with（or how he handled the matter）．
Don't fuss about how it should be done．
Don't worry（about）what school you are to go to*（or how much you can earn）．
b．They already agreed（about or as to）when they were to start and what they were to take with them．
I will attend to what the old man wants．
I shall think over what I should say．
He brooded on（or over）whether he should commit suicide．
I am thinking（of or about）how I can study abroad（or which course I am to take）．
c．He enlarged（or speculated）on what mankind will be．
He talked of（or about）what we should do．
He hesitated（about or as to）what he should say．
I reflected（on）where I could live peacefully．
Your happiness depends upon how little you want and how much you accomplish．
We could not agree about whom we should depend upon for our supply．
1417 上面所说跟有介词的不及物动词也可用“疑问词＋不定式”结构作宾语。
We talked about what to do．*
He has decided（on）where to go．
That depends（on）how to handle the matter．*
He worried（about）how to make his living．
They cannot agree（about）when to act．
They have thought over where to study science．
“S＋I．P＋W-I”可以转换为“S＋I．P＋W-Cl”，而“S＋I．P＋W-Cl”有时可以转换为“S＋I．P＋W-I”，有时不可以转换。
We talked about what we could do（what to do）．
He has decided（on）where he must go（where to go）．
He worried about how he could make his living（how to make his living）．
注意：We talked about what our school could do．（不可改为We talked about what to do．）
We talked about what we ate．（不可改为We talked about what to eat．因为从句中没有合适的助动词。可参阅1413节—1414节）
1418 图解：
18．S＋TV．N．P＋W-Cl/W-I（John gave an account of how he had fought/how to fight．）
1419 很多及物动词可和特定的名词和介词构成成语。这种成语起及物动词的作用，可跟疑问词从句或“疑问词＋不定式”结构作宾语。
a．He has no interest in（=doesn't care）who rules the country．*
He gave an account of（=related）how they fought．*
He had a lesson in（=learned）how paper is made．
I took no notice of（=didn't notice）what he was．
I got a look at how the robot worked．
He set his mind on where he could make most money．
He could only make guesses at who she was．
They carried on a quarrel about which girl was the prettiest．
He can't form a judgement as to whether this world is going to the bad．
b．He has no interest in what to study．
He gave an account of how to make paper．
He directed his attention to how to do business．*
He set his mind on what job to do．
He set up a standard of how to write．
He gave examples of how not to speak ill of others．
1420 有时介词可以省略（参阅1416节）。
I have no idea（about）（=don't know）who she is．
I cannot make up my mind（as to）（=decide）whether I should marry her．
I have a doubt（as to）（=doubt）whether our love will last long．
（Cf．I have no doubt（=believe）that our love will last long．）
Can you give judgement（as to）（=judge）which is the better？
He cannot make a decision（as to）（=decide）what policy his government should adopt．
Have a care（about）what you say to her．
1421 图解：
注：上面是“疑问词＋不定式”结构的另一种图解法。在这种图解中，how被看作有副词和连词的双重作用，不定式前省略了he could两词。参阅1415节。
C．双宾动词＋间接宾语＋各种直接宾语
19．S＋DV＋（to）N＋N（John gave me a dog．=John gave a dog to me．）
1422 约有90个双宾动词可用两个名词或代词作间接宾语及直接宾语。如果直接宾语紧跟在这些动词后面，间接宾语可变成由to引起的短语，此时，这些动词则成了及物动词。
He lent me his knife．=He lent his knife to me．*
He left her ten thousand dollars．=He left ten thousand dollars to her．
更多例句：
a．He gave John a cigarette*（or an English lesson），offered me tea（or a position，a bribe），handed his brother the salt（or the letter），delivered them the goods（or a letter，the message），passed me the butter，brought me my book（or a cup of tea），took（or carried）me an umbrella，left me some cakes（or a free choice），returned me the book（or an angry look），threw me a magazine（or a word），tossed（or cast，flung）the beggar a penny．
b．He provided（or furnished，supplied）us（with）food and everything necessary，presented me（with）a good dictionary．（用with的情况多于不用）
It afforded me an opportunity（or great pleasure，satisfaction）．He rendered his boss a service（or assistance，the account），tendered me his resignation（or his services），administered me a blow，caused（or occasioned）me so much pain（or anxiety，heavy loss，inconvenience，some trouble），dealt me a scolding．
c．He granted me an audience（or a credit，a holiday，a request），meted us out reward and punishment，allowed them more time（or a holiday，ten dollars），awarded me the prize（or full marks），accorded her the privilege（or a warm welcome，due praise）．
He refused me admittance（or the request，this favour，the loan of a book），denied me nothing（or justice，all comfort，help），（be）grudged me my salary（or my honour），barred no friends his house．
d．He assigned me a duty（or a small room），allotted me a garden（or a few exercises），prescribed me a milk diet（or a duty），apportioned us different duties，issued me a permit（or a driving license）．
The hardware store shipped me a big machine（or some utensils）．
He forwarded（or sent，dispatched，posted，mailed）her a parcel．
They paid me the salary（or the taxi fare，the tuition，the price），reimbursed me the costs，advanced me a month's salary（or 1,000 dollars），remitted me a thousand dollars，lent me some money，owed me a debt（or thanks，obligations），sold rich customers good diamonds and sold others poor goods，charged me no tuition（or a dollar），loaned me their car，rented me a house．
e．He played me a tune（or a piece），sang me a Japanese song（=sing a Japanese song to me or for me），extended us a warm welcome，stood me champagne，served me a good dinner，fed his dog beef．
He wishes me good luck（or good evening，every joy，a safe journey，the compliments of the season，a good night），bade me a welcome（or adieu，good morning），waved me adieu（or a greeting），nodded me a welcome（or approval），bowed me his heartiest thanks，paid them a visit（or his respects）．
f．He wrote me letters（or a few lines），answered me nothing（or not a word，a question），scrawled me a note，read me the letter（or a poem，a lesson），told me a story（or everything），foretold me my future，showed me his care（or much kindness），pointed me out my mistake，whispered me a piece of news，telegraphed（or wired，faxed，cabled）me full details of the result，telephoned（or phoned）me the details（or the current price），transmitted me a message，taught me Chinese（or music，a lesson，singing，obedience），preached us a very good sermon，pledged me his friendship，put me a question，quoted me an instance．
g．He bequeathed（or willed）his children a large fortune（or all his property），left me a large fortune．
They yielded the enemy their position，ceded him the land，conceded him the privileges（or the favours he asked）．
They guaranteed me satisfaction（or regular employment，punctual arrival），insured（or assured）me success（success to me or for me），promised me assistance．
He recommended me a good book（or a good servant）．
They did him harm（or honour，good，justice，wrong，credit，a favour，a good turn，an injustice，an injury，a kindness，a service），caused us a lot of mischief．
They made him a visit（or an offer，a promise，no reply，some answers）．
1423 直接宾语亦称作事物宾语（Thing-Object），间接宾语亦称作表人宾语（Person-Object）。不过间接宾语间或也指事物。
He never gives the matter a second thought，does not give the plan a trial，wished it a happy ending，allowed his imagination a full play．
直接宾语可以是代词。
Don't tell her that．He told his brother that．Who asked you this ？
Who gave it（to）you？We gave it（to）him．I will pay it（to）you all．
1424 尽管上面句子中的间接宾语可以变作to引起的短语，但这种短语少用为宜。而在下面这类句子中，用以to引起的短语较好。
To you，I give this．（为了强调而把间接宾语提前）
To the President，I write this letter．
To whom do you give it？（和一个疑问代词连用）
Who do you give it to ？
Which boy do you sing to，Mary？
The man to whom you told the story is my uncle．（和关系代词连用）
I have given to him．（省略直接宾语）
I will write to him．
Please deliver to John．
I have given the book to Mary，the best student in class．（间接宾语比直接宾语更长，更重要）
I only teach English to students who are truly anxious to learn．
The letter，I have sent to him．（直接宾语放在句首）
All these valuable things，he gave to me．
Some dictionaries have been given to the library．（直接宾语是被动动词的主语）
A letter will be sent to him．
1425 图解：
20．S＋DV＋（for）N＋N（John bought me a dog．=John bought a dog for me．）
1426 约有35个双宾动词用两个名词或代词作间接宾语及直接宾语。这种动词可变成及物动词，这时间接宾语应改作由for引起的宾语。
He ordered me a book．=He ordered a book for me．*
She made me a dress．=She made a dress for me．
更多例句：
a．He built himself a hut．
The shoemaker turns me out 100 pairs of shoes．
Hunan Province yield China a lot of rice．
She wove me a garland．
The carpenter made Uncle a beautiful desk．
She cooked me eggs．
She boiled me some water．
Fix me a drink．
Please spread me some bread with butter．
I will cut you a slice of bread．
Pour me out some tea（or coffee）．
Please fill me some wine．
b．Please pull me a chair to the table．
Please fetch me a dictionary（or a doctor）．
He reached me a pencil．
I'll put you a chair over there．
He gathered me some stamps．
He chose his wife a nice dress．
Pick me out a dozen oranges．
Can you match me this cloth？
c．Can you find（or get，secure，obtain）me a job？
They reserved us a hotel room，called us a taxi，bought us a lunch．
