i．They BROUGHT the custom into being（=They caused the custom to exist．Cf．The custom came into being）．They brought the law into force（=They made the law effective．Cf．The law came into force）．They brought his genius into play，the machine into use，the war to an end，the country to a crisis．
j．The doctor got me on the diet，the pest under control．
k．They laughed themselves into fits（=They made themselves convulsed with laughter．Cf．They burst into fits of laughter）．They cried（or wept）themselves into a fit ；overworked（or worried）themselves into consumption（=worked or worried so much that they became ill of consumption（“肺痨”的古老说法）．They drank themselves into their graves ；smoked themselves into calmness ；thought themselves into a paradise ；worked themselves into a temper．They waved me into their house（=made me enter their house by waving to me）；dined him into a good humour ；talked black into white ；kissed a full sense into empty words．
l．He talked me to death（=He killed me by talking so much）．He swore me to secrecy ；cried（or sang）himself to sleep ；drank（or laughed）himself to death．
m．They laughed（or looked）her out of countenance（=made her abashed by laughing or looking at her）；laughed（or shamed）me out of a bad habit ；bought me out of my house ；reasoned me out of my plan ；talked money out of my pocket．He drank himself out of his job ；ate himself out of house and home ；ran himself out of breath ；sinned himself out of salvation．
1508 下面的介词短语表示宾补动词所表示精神活动的结果。这些短语前有时可插入to be，例如They imagined themselves（to be）out of danger．They thought it（to be）of great importance．但在下面的c类句子中不可插入to be。
a．I held the matter of no account（=thought the matter to be unimportant），my fortune and life at nothing，him in esteem（or respect），nobody in contempt（or disdain）．
They found their family in tears，me at work，you out of humour，everything in order．
I felt myself in the mood for singing（or at home，up to swimming）．I felt everything in order．
b．They wished the war at an end ；supposed（or thought，fancied，considered，judged）it of little importance ；esteemed（or counted，accounted）themselves on the right scent（or the right way）；declared（or pronounced）the report beyond belief ；avowed（or confessed，professed）themselves out of contact with the times；showed（or proved，guaranteed）it of great value ；showed themselves of noble spirit．（还有一些动词在1512节中列出）
c．They referred to it as of no value，looked upon him as past cure，regarded the flowers as out of place，thought（or spoke）of the news as beyond belief．
1509 就像系动词后的介词短语一样，宾补动词后的介词短语中有些介词（特别是of）有时可以省略（参阅1455节）。
He found them the same shape ；wished it a red colour ；saw it no use ；painted the door a green colour ；made the desk a large size．
1510 上面提到的介词短语是形容词型的补语，因此是句子不可缺少的部分。下面的介词短语是修饰动词的状语，因此在语法上是可以省掉的。
He studied music on Sunday．
He passed his youth in Paris．
He pronounced every word with care．
He loved her out of pity．
1511 图解：
41．S＋FV＋N＋to be/to have（John believed you to be honest．）
1512 约有90个表示判断的动词用“to be＋补语”或“to have＋过去分词”作补语。这个句型一般表示主语认为或宣布某人或某物是什么（样）或做过某事。
a．They believed（or thought，figured，maintained）him to be honest，* the book to be useful，*him to have been unruly，the book to have been useful．
They supposed（or presumed，assumed，allowed [ dated ]，conceived）him to be an expert（or an honest man），the instrument to be useless；granted this to be true．
They took（or guessed，conjectured）me to be a Frenchman．
I estimated the size of this room to be 400 sq．ft．
He made the cost to be a hundred dollars．
b．They suspected him to be a thief，to have stolen their things．They doubted him to be an honest man．
They considered（or held，esteemed，counted，accounted，reckoned，made out，looked on）themselves to be lucky，the plan to be a foolish idea．
He is reputed to be a good doctor．（They repute him[ to be ]a good husband．陈旧用法）He is recorded to have made this canal．
They judged（or concluded，determined）him to be a fool，the plan to be of little use．
c．They construed his reply to be unfavourable．
They found（or perceived，felt，saw，discovered）the trouble to be unavoidable，their new teacher to have studied many subjects．They noted David to be too clever．
They knew（or understood，realized）the situation to be against them，their friend to be a snake in the grass．
They fancied（or imagined）themselves to be the best men in the town，the circumstance to be favourable，themselves to have been cheated．
d．They proved（or argued，bespoke）him to be worthy of promotion，it to be wrong．
They denied the rumour to be true，the accusation to be just，you to have given them any assistance．
They declared（or proclaimed，affirmed，pronounced，announced，stated，asserted，reported）themselves to be members of a secret society，the rumour to be unfounded，the diamond to have been stolen．The diamond is alleged to have been stolen．
They showed（or indicated，denoted）themselves to be trustworthy．His conduct shows him to be a great man．
e．Their accent revealed（or betrayed）them to be foreigners．
They disclosed this matter to be a conspiracy．
They professed（or claimed）themselves to be engineers；gave themselves out to be scientists；bragged of themselves to be the richest men in the city．
They recognized（or owned）him to be their bosom friend．
They confessed（or owned，professed）themselves to be guilty（or mistaken），to have made a great mistake．
They acknowledged（or admitted）themselves to be silly，their idea to be a dream，the accusation to be just．
He warranted（or guaranteed，vouched，avouched，attested，ensured）it to be pure．
He certified the statement to be correct．
f．He boasted himself to be a great scientist（or to have done great things）；feigned himself to be ill．
They nominated（or named）her to be secretary；appointed John to be the supervisor；promoted him to be a general；chose（or elected）him to be the president；voted him to be a good boy．
They described me to be a mysterious person．
They apprehended their son to be in danger．
They discerned him（or made him out）to be a hypocrite．
They implied him to be honest．
They idealized her to be a perfect angel．
1513 在上面的句子中，to be后面的形容词或名词表示某种特点，而在下面的句子中，to be和后面的现在分词表示现在正在进行或在主要动词所表示的时间当中正在进行的动作。“to have＋过去分词”表示主要动词所表示的时间之前已完成的动作。
They suspected him to be playing a trick on them；* believed him to be telling the truth；imagined themselves to be making great progress．
They supposed him to have seen much about the world；* judged him to have stolen the watch．The wrinkles on his face represented him to have suffered much．
1514 在上述动词后一般只能用不定式to be和to have。其他动词的不定式一般不能用，除了表示状态（而不是动作）的动词不定式。
They knew him to go to school．（错误）
I believed John to make poems．（错误）
I considered him to read English very easily．（错误）
They knew the box to contain 20 cigarettes．（正确）
I believed the sentence to mean something ill．（正确）
I consider it to belong to another category．（正确）
I find it to have several advantages．（正确）
1515 在不少情况下，不定式to be可以省略，这时句型变为S＋FV＋N＋N或A或P．N，但“to have been”及“to be＋现在分词”不能省略（参阅1488 a节、1500 a、1508、1509节）。
They supposed him（to be）wrong，found it（to be）a good policy，reported him（to be）the best man for the job，believed him（to be）a thief，think it（to be）of little value．
注意：They believed it to have been stolen．
I should guess him to be playing a trick on me．
1516 此外，上面的简单句（都是书面语或正式文体）可以变为包含一个that从句的复合句，同时句子变为非正式文体。不过有少数宾补动词不允许作这样的改变。
They believed him to be honest．=They believed that he was honest．
I considered this trouble to be unnecessary．=I considered that this trouble was unnecessary．
He declared himself to have done his best．=He declared that he had done his best．
注意：He named her to be secretary．=He named that she was secretary．（错误）
I count myself to be lucky．=I count that I am lucky．（错误）
1517 图解：
42．S＋FV＋N＋I（John wanted me to do it．）
1518 约有140个宾补动词（表示愿望或命令）可以用任何不定式（包括to be）作补语。这种句型通常表示“主语＋希望或请求＋名词＋做某事或成为什么”。
a．They wanted（or wished）him to teach their son，* everybody to be a saint．* They intend（or mean，desire）him to study abroad．This story is calculated（=designed）to mislead the public．They expected him to work hard．He designed the furniture to fit his room．I recommend her to learn music．
b．He asked（or told）her to（please）open the door．
She notified us to move out．
He required（or requested，needed）me to help him．
He reminded me to shut the window when I went to bed．
We urged the public to take precautions．
They caused（or got，had，occasioned）everybody to kneel down，their men to destroy the bridge，provisions to be ready，the rule to be observed．
They gave me to understand all the intrigue．
The module programs the flash to provide the right light．
c．I cannot bring myself to acknowledge the fault，to scold her，to believe the news，to leave my children hungry．I wish I could bring（=lead）you to understand it．
Those gangsters compelled（or forced，constrained，coerced）me to accept the proposal．Poverty forced him to work hard．Hunger drove（or goaded）him to steal．
He condemned them to be imprisoned．
The judge sentenced him to die．
He likes（or hates，loves）his wife to dress well，summer to come．
I should prefer my daughter to study art，them to talk less．
d．He charged me to send the letter，me to keep the diamond．
He commissioned me to buy a car for him．
He set his servant to go to the market，her to cook．
He trusts me to arrange everything．
He sent me to pick grapes．
He enjoined us to obey．
I phoned（or called，wired，wrote）him to come．
He ordered（or directed，commanded）his men to get ready．
They delegated him to speak at the meeting．
He instructed the agent to sell it．
I was assigned（or scheduled）to sing．
He summoned them to appear．
e．I should not oblige you to spend your money．
I am obliged to help him．
He pressed（or urged）me to drink more．
They invited（or asked）me to spend the vacation at their country-house；him to speak，to sing，to dance．
He welcomes you to enjoy his hospitality．
f．They begged him to accompany them，me to help them．
They entreated（or besought）the mayor to pardon them，me to do something for them．
They conjured him not to criticize them．
They implored him to spare their son，the king to be merciful．
I adjured him to tell me the truth．
They prayed the god to save them，the enemy to set them free．
g．He advised（or counselled，recommended）his friend to work hard，his friends to try this pill．
He persuaded his friend to work hard，me to help her．
They warned（or cautioned）me not to go out that night，me to be careful．
I pledge myself not to be unjust．
I have committed myself to support his son．
I bound myself（or him）to pay the debt．
h．He suffered nobody to touch his flowers，himself to be caught．
He allowed（or permitted）the students to play in the classroom，but other teachers forbade them to do so．
He cannot bear any man to speak with his wife．
He left the students to find it out，the readers to judge，them to sink or swim．
i．The ticket entitled the bearer to see the movie．His ability entitled him to command an army．
I empowered him to supervise the city．
The law authorized the judge to sentence him to death．
They promoted him to direct this department．
They licensed me to practise medicine．
j．His success decided me to try．
The circumstance determined him to work hard．
We programed her to sing．
We enrolled him to be a freshman．
The weather influenced him to change his mind．
The high salary disposed（or inclined）him to take the job．
God has chosen us to take land．
I selected（or picked，found）a man to teach English．
k．I induced him to accompany me．Nothing could induce him to believe it．
This matter led me to think（or him to make a discovery）．
Nothing can move him to change his mind．
He bribed them to keep silent about his crime．
Poverty might prompt（or entice，move）me to commit a crime．
They tempted him to be a playboy．
He coaxed her to give her apple to him．
He badgered his father to buy a bicycle for him．
l．He helped me（to）do everything，us（to）cook rice；aided us to do it（or in doing it）．
He assisted me to prepare coffee（less common than in preparing coffee）．
His wealth enabled him to buy a big building．
Their assistance enabled me to succeed．
They prepared their students to take the exam．I have to prepare her to receive the bad news．
m．You provoked（or exasperated）him to speak rudely．
They challenged（or dared，defied）us to fight again．
This success inspired（or prompted，encouraged）me to study harder．
They excited（or incited，stimulated）the people to rebel．
n．They trained（or disciplined）him to be patient．
They educate（or teach，bring up）David to be nice．
He conditioned them to watch each other．
I must accustom myself to get up earlier．
I will trouble（or bother，thank）you to do something．
I understood（or misunderstood）him to say so．
I have（never）known him to curse，him to help the poor．
o．He used（or employed，utilized）the coconut shell to take water．
He beckoned them to approach，them to draw nearer．
They whispered us to be quiet．
He signed（or signalled）（to，for）them to wait．
He nudged her to speak．
He has paid（or hired）you to do the dirty work；bribed the police to excuse his offence；engaged（or employed）me to type．
1519 这种句型有一些变体：
a．He caused（or ordered，enabled）music to be played．（在没有必要说明谁演奏时，可用不定式的被动形式）
He allowed（or permitted）his good name to be soiled．
b．I do not want there to be another war（=another war to come）．（another war为宾语，to be there为补语）
He likes（or wishes）there to be a picnic *（=a picnic to take place）．
He held there to be no god（=that there is no god）．
He meant there to be no trouble．
He hates there to be any quarrel．
I should prefer there to be a meeting．
I hate there to be some misunderstanding between us．
I expect there to be some kind of agreement．
注意：
I promised him to work harder．（是指that I would work harder，而不是指that he would work harder）
1520 图解：
43．S＋IV．P＋N＋I（John cried to me to stop．）
1521 约有40个不及物动词后面跟特定的介词，可用作宾补动词，并用不定式作补语。
a．I prayed（to）God to save me．*
I telephoned（or wrote，wired）to her to come immediately．*
He cried（out）（or shouted）to her to stop．
The bugle called to the troops to assemble．
I motioned（or signalled）（to）them to go away．
He beckoned（to）me to follow．
He signed（to）me to take a seat．
I nodded to him to do so．
I proposed（or suggested）to John to accompany me．
We appealed to（or called upon）him to do something．
We applied to the government to assist us．
We looked to him to supply us with rice．
b．They asked for us to settle the matter．
They gestured and shouted for him to come back．
