图解：
B．用在名词后的限制性定语
1579 有8种不同类型的限制性定语需要放在它们所修饰的名词的后面。
11．一串形容词或有自己的修饰语的形容词
1580 一串形容词或有自己的修饰语的形容词需要放在它们所修饰的名词后面，因为它们比较长。
He had a remarkable character，cold，odd and proud（比a cold，odd，and proud remarkable character更自然）．This artist，haggard，poor but resolute，will not live on charity．* Lily is a dog，intelligent and active，obedient and gentle．It is a road，dusty，wet，rugged but exciting．（形容词＋形容词＋形容词）
He is a kind man and a learned（a kind and learned man较常见）．He keeps a black dog and a white．They are kind men and learned．He keeps some black dogs and white．They advocate free speech and fearless．（书面语）
He has a temper extremely dangerous（or an extremely dangerous temper）．It is a method wonderfully efficient．Nearby is a jungle terribly wild．（副词＋形容词）
It is a problem the most difficult．In this small country there is a city the busiest I ever saw．I am sorry he did it in a way the least understandable．I believe pain ever the severest can be relieved．（the＋最高级形容词）
He is in a state similar（or a similar state）to mine．It is a condition unfavourable to the enterprise．He is not a man ashamed of his folly．That is an opinion contrary to mine．A man often forgetful of his promise will never succeed．He is interested in customs peculiar to Japanese．That is a place famous for its sausages．（形容词＋介词短语）也可以说It is an unfavourable condition to the enterprise．That is a contrary opinion to mine．但不可以说He is not an ashamed man of his folly．
He is a writer eighty years old．* There is in this province a road five hundred miles long．We swam in a river twenty feet deep．It is a mountain over 3,000 feet high．（数词＋名词＋形容词）
He is a boy anxious to learn．He is a man ready to die for justice．A man afraid to make enemies is a man afraid to make friends．I like books easy to digest．It is a situation too grave to save．This is a book good enough to teach us morals．（形容词＋不定式）
图解：
注意并列连词and和but的图解方法。
12．特殊组合中的单个形容词
1581 单个形容词一般不能用在所修饰名词的后面，但在下面这类特殊组合中可以用在名词后面。
a．用来表示强调、口吻庄严或对比的形容词
May I help you，Lilian dear ？I love you，my lady sweet．Is a life deathless possible？* Our life on the island is joy eternal．They advocate love inviolate．I believe in God Omnipresent．Lord Paramount will give the final judgement．He is a devil incarnate．He is more interested in mistakes past than in improvement future．Money unspent is money useless．
b．用在things，matters或something这类词后的形容词
He neglects things temporal．I do not like matters（or affairs）political．There is something（or nothing，everything）interesting in the show．
c．以-able或-ible结尾的形容词（在名词前可能有最高级或only，main等词）
It is the greatest novel imaginable．We use every means conceivable．That is the only（or main，chief，principal）vehicle available in this area．
That is the best method possible（or the best possible method）．In this desert this is the only herb edible．I think that is the last city defensible．
There are thieves uncountable（=that cannot be counted）．There is a gulf impassable．He has gone through torments inexpressible（=that cannot be expressed）．
（但suitable，seasonable，reasonable及类似的词不能用在所修饰名词的后面，因为它们没有“that can be suited”“that can be seasoned”这类意思）
d．用来代替序数词的基数词
Chapter Four * ＝ the fourth chapter
Book Five ＝ the fifth book
Class Two ＝ the second class
Number Five ＝ the fifth
Room 152，page 636，Prisoner No．1689
e．用在“like，as或with＋名词”后的形容词
He lay on the ground like（or as）a man dead．He laughed and cried like（or as）a man crazy．He greeted me with his arms open．He arrived home with his pockets empty．He confessed his guilt with his face pale．
f．起补语作用的形容词
The only man alive（=that is alive）is John．There was nobody awake to discover the burglary．John alone can do nothing for anyone．There is a rumour afloat．
g．用在专有名词后构成头衔的形容词
Alexander the Great，* Henry the Eighth，Richard the Lionhearted，Charles the Bald，MacCarthy the older，John the Short．
h．法律名词（来自法语）里的形容词
The Consul General，* the Governor General，the Attorney General，the president elect，the bishop elect（or designate），the Prince Regent（or royal），the envoy extraordinary，a knight errant，the heir apparent（or presumptive），the bride elect，the notary public，the poet laureate，the lords temporal（or spiritual），the court martial ；the price current，the right divine，fee simple，his sign manual
图解：
13．地点与时间副词
1582 the house opposite，* the statement below，people inside，the bridge there（or here），Heaven above，a hotel hard by，a trip north，our life abroad，the distance across，16 feet square，a day off（duty），an evening off，the student off for school（or home from school），rents downtown，the only house around for miles
in January next（or last），on Friday next（or last），on the day following（or following day），in time past，from（or since）time immemorial，in years gone by，many nights previou s（=ago，before），on a day certain（=fixed），the trend now，the world today and tomorrow
图解：
14．介词短语
1583 a．介词＋名词
名词＋［of＋名词］=形容词＋名词
He is a man of honour *（=honourable man），a man of fortune（or character，fashion，sense，letters，parts，few words）．This is an act of cowardice（=cowardly act），a mountain of great height（=very high mountain），a matter of no importance（=unimportant matter），a child without home（=homeless child）．
名词＋［介词＋名词］＝名词＋定语从句
Do you see the man at the door（=who is at the door）？Pass me the book on the desk（=which is on the desk）．I went to the shop opposite the post office．She is a girl with curly hair．It is a rumour without foundation．
［名词＋介词］＋名词（参阅1243节）
He is a specialist in chest diseases（He specializes in chest diseases）．Her anxiety about your safety is unnecessary（She is very anxious about your safety）．He expressed dissatisfaction with my work．He took delight in the study of dogs．There was an attempt on his life．
名词＋［介词＋名词］（参阅1243节）
Fruits in season are delicious and cheap．Ideas behind the times should be thrown away．The person in charge was out．We can't let go the victory within our grasp．Anyone in the wrong must say sorry．
有时介词可以省略
He is a boy（of）your age．* She wears shoes（of）the size of mine．I don't like a house such a colour．Have you ever seen a sea animal the shape of a horse ？He has a car a light green．She caught a fish greater weight than mine．He bought a bike the same price as mine．
1584 b．介词＋动名词
(1)about＋动名词
He has no thought about getting married again after his wife died．He is under no easiness about making these mistakes．There should be no trouble about travelling in Europe and Asia．He gave them a lecture about smoking，drinking and gambling．He always remembers his dream about becoming rich．He has forgotten his promise about painting my portrait．It seems a proposal about building a bridge has been made．
(2)at＋动名词
He expressed concern at hearing the news．You can easily imagine her disappointment at not having received Alexander's invitation．I could see his gladness at finding most of his lost money．Her pride（or satisfaction，pleasure，happiness）at meeting John again was inexpressible．His vexation（or despair，shyness，surprise，astonishment，sorrow，regret）at seeing this foolish thing can be imagined．（at多用在表示情绪的抽象名词后面）
(3)for＋动名词
The reason for doing it is obvious．His reputation for aiding the poor people is ever-increasing．There is no medicine for curing fools．He can find many pretexts（or excuses）for playing truant．
后面可跟有“for＋动名词”的名词有：
alarm，apology，capacity，compensation，craze，excuse，facility，forgiveness，gratitude，ground，instrument，method，motive，necessity，opportunity，pardon，passion，predilection，procedure，provision，reason，responsibility，scope，taste
(4)in＋名词
He does not know my pleasure（or interest，experience，skill）in making bird-cages（or in playing mahjong）．He has a share（or no scruple，no hesitation）in doing this dirty business（or in violating so many women）．I cannot understand his obstinacy in avoiding doctors．He knows the difficulty in convincin g those hardheaded people．
(5)of＋动名词
The duty of looking after the house belongs to me．* The honour of winning the war gives him courage．The purpose of educating children should always be kept in mind．The custom of worshipping ancestors is prevalent among these people．Do you know the method of making paper？*He has a habit of sleeping till noon．Is this a picture of your drawing（=drawn by you）？It is a profession of my own choosing（=chosen by myself）．
后面可跟“of＋动名词”的名词还有：
chance，consequence，cost，danger，dream，hope，idea，importance，intention，knack，means，necessity，need，object，opportunity，plan，possibility，power，privilege，probability，process，question，responsibility，right，risk，way
在所有介词中，of（还有for）似乎是用在动名词前最多的介词。
不过有时可用不定式表示类似的意思，试比较下面的句子：
The practice of eating horseflesh is very common．The practice of the northerners to eat horseflesh is very common．The method of convincing them was wonderful．The method of those preachers to convince them was wonderful．
(6)to＋动名词
His objection to using nuclear bombs is praiseworthy．
He has pretension to knowing everything．His repugnance to speaking with women astonishes me．He has（a strong）aversion to speaking the truth．
后面可跟有“to＋动名词”的名词还有：
approach，disinclination，dislike，incentive，introduction，obstacle，opposition，prelude，resistance，similarity，stimulus，objection
1585 c．介词＋不定式
He is about to go．There was no other way out than die．
He has not anything to do except gamble．
（在所有介词中只有about，than，except，but后可用不定式，而且多为不带to的不定式）
1586 d．介词＋疑问词引起的不定式
The knowledge of how to make it was a secret．* I am in doubt（about or as to）whether to go or not．The problem of how to master English worried him．He has a good idea about how to win a woman's heart．
1587 e．介词＋疑问词引起的从句
I am in doubt（about or as to）whether I should go．There was no news about（or as to，concerning）when he will return．Can you give me any information about（or as to，concerning）how we can win ？I had no idea（of）why she cried．The problem（of）where we are to go is still being discussed．The question puzzled us whether we were to start on January 28．I can't understand his speech on how we can conquer ourselves．He has not interest in what you are doing．His account of how the war was fought is dramatic．
（在这类句子中介词常常省略）
图解：
15．分词
1588 现在分词可起定语从句的作用。
The man driving（=who was driving）the lorry was drunk．* The woman holding（=who is holding）a baby in her arms is my aunt．Do you see the gentleman standing there？（相当于进行时态所表示的正在进行的动作）
Anyone driving（=who drives）a lorry must first get a permit．A man living（=who lives）in town rarely sees cows．A girl studying hard will get a good husband．（相当于一般时态所表示的任何时候都能发生的动作）
The city as appearing（=as it appears）to the tourists is rather queer．The nurse as attending me was too old．
但如I must find out the child who broke my door（而不是breaking my door）．作定语的现在分词和谓语动词必须表示相同的时间，否则只能用定语从句，不能用现在分词。
1589 过去分词也可以起定语从句的作用。
The people involved（=who were involved）would be punished．
This is a letter written（=which is written）in German．*
A man satisfied（=who is satisfied）with his lot is happy．
There are many people being starved to death．
（和现在分词不同，使用过去分词时可以不考虑时间）
It is a bedroom seldom slept in．It is a question never paid attention to．* It is an accident unthought of．
A penny saved（=which has been saved）is a penny gained．Things seen are mightier than things heard．（单个分词也可放在后面，这时只是为了强调或对比）
The city as described（=as it is described）by the travellers is rather queer．The ability as displayed by Asians is not inferior．A great man as known to the public is entirely different from one as known to his servant．
图解：
16．不定式
1590 在作定语时，不定式常常相当于一个包含某个情态助动词的定语从句。
There is a river to cross（=which we must cross）．*
We have a lot of work to do（=which we must do）．
There is a sick man to look after（=whom we should look after）．
There are many miserable people to help（=whom we should help）．
There are many houses to rent（=which we may rent）．
At the party there were many things to eat（=which you may eat）．
I want a man to teach（=who can teach）grammar．
Is there nobody to end（=who can end）all the troubles of this world？
He is the man to tell（=who will tell）the truth．
I am not the man to bear（=who would bear）this insult．
1591 作定语的不定式所修饰的名词（亦可称主体词）和这个不定式有固定的关系。这个名词可能是：a．不定式意义上的主语，b．及物动词不定式意义上的宾语，c．以介词结尾的不定式短语的意义上的宾语，d．不定式所表示动作的时间、地点或方式，e．一个跟有作同位语的不定式的主体词。
1592 a．He is the man（意义上的主语）to encourage you *（= who can encourage you）．
There is no-one（意义上的主语）to come（= who can come）．
He has some friends（意义上的主语）to support him（= who will support him）．
1593 b．Money is something（意义上的宾语）to spend *（= which we should spend）．
He has a dozen of children（意义上的宾语）to feed（= whom he must feed）．
He has a famous lawyer（意义上的宾语）to consult（= whom he may consult）．
1594 c．John is the manager（意义上的宾语）to apply to*（=to whom you may apply= whom you may apply to）．
We have no guns（意义上的宾语）to fight with（= with which we can fight）．
This is not a matter to grumble about．
I can't think of a better subject to write on．
He had not a stone（意义上的宾语）to lay his head on（= on which he might lay his head）．
There is nothing（意义上的宾语）to make a fuss about（= which we should make a fuss about）．
1595 d．This is the “time” to start（= when we must start）．
This is not a nice “place” to make love（= where people should make love）．
Is this the “way” to treat your good friend（= in which you should treat your good friend）？
在time，place和way这几个词后面，不定式相当于一个由关系副词引起的定语从句。
1596 e．下面有4类用作主体词的抽象名词，表示有广泛意义的动作，而它后面的不定式则作同位语，表示这个动作的具体内容（参阅1137节）。
(1)An other attempt（主体词）to climb the mountain（作同位语的不定式）（=another attempt，that is，to climb the mountain）will be made．（Cf．They will attempt to climb．）
They welcomed the Prime Minister's decision（主体词）to resign（同位语）（=Prime Minister's decision，that is，to resign）．（Cf．He decided to resign．）
Alexander's desire to please her mother is obvious．
The child expressed a wish to earn his own living．He kept his promise to write to me．His refusal（or failure）to help is disappointing．
第1类名词可以从“S＋TV＋I”句型中的及物动词转变过来。其他这类名词有：claim，consent，determination，need，proposal，resolution，struggle，tendency，threat。
(2)An invitation（主体词）to attend the lecture（同位语）（=An invitation，that is，to attend the lecture）has been extended．（Cf．Someone has invited someone else to attend the lecture．）
He has given me permission（or leave）to use his library．（Cf．He has permitted me to use his library．）
The temptation to eat it is irresistible．The order to mobilize the country has been issued．This does not imply the obligation to pay anything．
第2类名词由用在“S＋FV＋N＋I”句型中的宾补动词转变过来。
(3)I can see his ambition（主体词）to be somebody（同位语）（=his ambition，that is，to be somebody）．（Cf．He is ambitious to be somebody．）
I know his ability to meet the crisis．（Cf．He is able to meet the crisis．）
His curiosity to know the secret is irresistible．I do know his competence（or impatience，eagerness，disposition，inclination，willingness，reluctance）to do it．
