可以放在不及物动词及主语前面的副词为there，here，还有一些表示地点的短语。这种副词（短语）后面跟以下不及物动词：be，come，go，follow，stand，sit，lie，remain，live，enter，appear，happen，arise，take place。其后再跟一个可能较长的表示人或物的主语。
There is a haunted house．* There is a haunted house there（or here）．（第一个there没有特别意义，第二个there或here表示地点）
There entered an old man who was over eighty years old but looked very healthy and strong．（较长主语）
Here stands a hero of our country．Here comes the car！Here lies my paradise．There goes Jane！（但不能说There goes she ！）
At the end of the wood（there）lies a cottage．All around the hut（there）grew many beautiful flowers．In the centre of the hall（there）stood a round table．Far out at sea（there）came a fishing-boat．
(b)在极少数情况下放在主要动词前。
(c)放在及物动词后，宾语之前或宾语之后。可放在这个位置的副词为（a）中所列off，up，away等词。如果宾语较长并受到强调，则副词要放在它前面；如果宾语为代词，则副词必须放在它后面。
He put on his coat．He put his coat on．
I picked up the book．I picked the book up．
She gave away her money．
She gave it away．（不可说She gave away it．）
He poured me out some tea．（不可说some tea out）（句中有间接宾语）
She sent him off a gift．（不可说a gift off）
She took out “the eggs，butter，cakes and other things．”（副词必须放在较长宾语的前面）
He picked up “the money he had thrown away when he had been angry”．
He will bring back to me “the radio-set he borrowed last week”．
Drink your wine up．Switch the light on．Put the cigar out．（在祈使句中这类副词常放在句末）
Take everything down．Take your hat off．
I put down（=wrote down）his name．* He took over（=assumed control of）the business．We saw through（=were not deceived by）his trick．
We carried the project through（=We completed it successfully，put it into practice）．He laughed the criticism away（=He ignored it）．
“及物动词＋地点副词”常常构成惯用语，并不表示位置。这种惯用语有时也可分开使用，如上面最后两句的情况。
如果一个表示地点的副词（短语）和一个表示方向的副词（短语）一起用在一个谓语后面，表示方向的副词（短语）应放在表示地点的副词（短语）前面，并且它们之间不用and，or这类连词。
We drove from west to east in the city．（不可说in the city from west to east，也不可说from west to east and in the city）
如果谓语后跟有两个表示地点的副词（短语），则表示较大地点的副词（短语）要放在表示较小地点的副词（短语）后面。如果要把其中一个放在主语前面，则应将表示较大地点的副词（短语）提前。
They can kiss on the street in the U．S．（但不可说 in the U．S．on the street）
In the U．S． they can kiss on the street．（但不可说 On the street they can kiss in the U．S．）
如果有几个表示方向的副词（短语），则可按事物发生的顺序安排。
From Eighth Street we proceeded past the Grand Hotel to the park，and then turn to the west．
如果副词（短语）表示宾语（而不是主语）的位置，则它们应放在宾语后面。
I keep the tools on the rack．
We arranged a picnic in Mary's backyard．
I like a vacation by the seaside．
Everybody expects a revolt from all directions．
This fine climate attracts us to this country．
(d)放在谓语后面，即不及物动词、补语、及物动词的宾语后面，这种情况最常见。
He went out．Come this way．The train arrived at my town．
He climbed to the top of the tree．
He feels lonely in a foreign country．The stars look small at a great distance．
Hang your coat over there．I met him downtown．
图解：
(2)表示时刻或时段的副词（短语）
1668 表示某个时刻或某段时间的副词（短语）可以：
(a)放在主语前面。可用在这个位置的副词及短语有：
yesterday，tomorrow，today，now，once，originally，first，recently，soon，immediately；one morning，just then，three days ago，later on，sooner or later，until then，so far，just now，all at once，during the summer，from 1970 to 1983，since May，since when？until when？how long ago...
还有由in，at，on，between，by，during，about，before，after，（for），from...to（or till），since，till or until等介词引起的短语。
Recently we have been working hard．Soon he arrived at the station．That morning he received his first lesson．*
Ten years ago I invested very much capital in business．For three nights she did not sleep．From 1975 to 1979 he and I studied physics．Since a week ago，I have been sick．
不及物动词有时可放在时间副词（短语）和主语之间，更多地强调主语或引出主语〔可参阅1667（a）〕。
Now came John and many others．First came Lilian．Next came another problem．Then followed an excited dialogue．
During the summer there broke out a great accident．
In the previous week there spread a rumour about his remarriage．
下面的副词（短语）常常用在主语前面起从属连词的作用：
directly，immediately，once，now（原来都是副词），the moment，the instant，the years，the spring，every time，all the time，the few minutes（原来是名词加修饰语）。
It rained directly（or immediately）（= as soon as）he left home．* Once you see him，you will never forget him．
Now you mention it，I do remember．Any time you come，you are welcome．The few minutes he ate，he had ten telephone calls．All the time he talked，I kept silent．
(b)用在助动词后。能这样用的副词及短语除（a）中第一段所列副词外，还有last，already，yet，before，shortly，just，still，eventually；for a moment，as before等。
He will soon come here．He would some day understand me．
I was yesterday morning walking along the street．He was soon after caught by the policemen．He was some time before put into prison．He has long（since）been a dead man．I have long admired his works．He has recently（or lately）seen her．
(c)间或用在主要动词（或助动词）前面。
He at one time told me the same thing you are telling me．
We formerly did it，but we nowadays forget the custom．I temporarily，but not permanently，love her．
He recently has behaved better than he formerly did．
Peter，a long time ago，had vanquished the giant．He already has seen it．She so far（or this far）hasn't spoken with me．
(d)放在谓语后面，这种情况为大多数。用在这个位置的有（a）第一段所列的副词及early，late，already，yet，shortly，briefly，awhile，long这类词。能这样用的短语很多，包括（a）中提到的介词短语。
表示某一时刻（时）的副词（短语）：
He came yesterday．He left at the last act．They divided the property on the death of their father．I came（or will come）on Sunday（=last or next Sunday）．
He came（or will come）on a（or the）Sunday（=another Sunday than last or next）．He expressed surprise at seeing me．I felt envy on hearing the news．
表示某段时间的副词（短语）：
I have slept（for）hours．He studies English（for）three years．He has been here many months．* He has learned medicine since 1950．He lived here from 1950 till 1958．It exists to this day．I have opposed it all along．I'll live here forever after．He died here during the war．He visited many places in the course of（=during）the summer（or the trip）．He lived in this village all his life and never left it a day．
图解：
注意从属连词directly的图解法。
(3)频度副词（短语）
1669 频度副词（短语）可以：
(a)用在主语前，表示强调或对比。用在这个位置的词有never，seldom，rarely，occasionally，sometimes，often，repeatedly；once a week，four times，from time to time，again and again，now and then，as a rule。
Sometimes he smokes．Usually he came by himself．
Occasionally he called on me．Never have I been there．*
(b)间或用在助动词前（用在简短评语、回答或反驳中，这时助动词受到强调）。
“They can find time for amusements．”“They always can．”
You have learned Japanese，but I never have learned any foreign language．
“I have to cook my own breakfast．”“But I seldom need do so．”
(c)在大多数情况下用在主要动词前面，此时大多为单个副词。
always，permanently，perpetually，continually，continuously，incessantly这类表示“不断”之意的副词不能用在否定词前，如不能说He will always not like it．而要说He will never like it．
而generally，usually，ordinarily，commonly，normally，habitually，customarily，regularly；often，frequently，repeatedly这类表示高频度的副词可以用在否定结构后，表示“很少”之意，如I don't usually（= rarely）take breakfast．
此外，还有sometimes，periodically，occasionally这类表示中等频度的副词，rarely，seldom，hardly（ever），scarcely（ever），barely，little，infrequently，unusually，uncommonly这类表示低频度的副词，以及never，not，not ever这类否定副词。
He can hardly see me，because he is shortsighted．She has always smoked．He often goes to the library．He never tells lies．I don't usually（=rarely）go to the theatre．
短语用在这个位置的情况不多。
His family has，time after time，got into trouble．
He would，as a rule，get up at six．
(d)放在be后面，这是通常的情况。但be受到强调时可以放在它前面。
He always is a fool．He never is wise．He seldom is．
They never are．It hardly is．
(e)放在谓语后面。可用在这个位置的副词有continually，often，frequently，repeatedly，occasionally；hourly，daily，monthly；once，twice，again。
I have said it repeatedly to him．He called on me occasionally．
I take a walk twice daily（不能说daily twice）．
I learn kungfu three times weekly（or a week）．
常用在这个位置的短语有：
every four days，each summer，on alternate days
as a rule，as usual，most often，often enough，in general，in quick succession
many times，not infrequently，again and again，time after time，time and（time）again
once in a while，once and again，now and again，every now and then，at（odd）times，from time to time，off and on，on several occasions
This morning we went to work as usual．
I read the poem again and again．
I practise Karate off and on．
I go to the movies once in a long while．
He came daily．He saw her very often．
He did it once in a while．He studies French at odd times．
He taught me four times a week．I learn music every three days．
(f)（c）中所给副词有些可用在谓语后表示强调或补充。
She went to the pictures sometimes．
He loves her always．
图解：
(4)肯定副词（短语）
1670 表示肯定或不肯定的副词可以：
(a)放在主语前面。用在这个位置的副词或短语可以看作是整个句子的修饰语，它们是truly，indeed，really，actually，eventually，surely，obviously，assuredly，undoubtedly，certainly，evidently，apparently，clearly，admittedly，naturally，probably，presumably，perhaps，maybe，possibly，very likely，in truth，in fact，no doubt，of course，as a matter of fact，sure enough，oddly enough，strange enough，rightly or wrongly。
Certainly he can do anything so long as it's profitable．
Surely he divorced her！
In fact，he knows nothing．*
(b)用作句子的简化形式。这样的副词或短语有yes，certainly，quite，absolutely，decidedly，naturally，evidently，obviously，precisely，surely，sure，willingly，with pleasure，very well，of course，no，never。
“Do you know it？”“Yes．”
“Is he a fool？”“Absolutely．”
“Do you love her？”“Of course．”
(c)间或放在助动词前（用在简短评语、回答或反驳中，这时助动词受到强调）。
He certainly（or surely，probably，possibly）can．He surely has．
He simply can't．You surely are．You simply must give up．
(d)在多数情况下放在主要动词前面或助动词后面。（a）中所列副词或短语能这样用。在用作整句修饰语时，前后常加逗号。
He really understand himself？John probably loves her．My father of course knows you．（用在主要动词前）
He will actually do what he has threatened to．I have，as a matter of fact，done all I can．He has，at any rate，confessed his fault．（用在助动词后面）
比较：I do not really know（=I know very little）．I really do not know（=I know nothing）．
(e)放在谓语后的情况很少，除非是表示强调，或作为后来想起的话。
They will get married，perhaps．*
John has done something silly— no doubt．
You didn't complain to her，Surely（=I believe or hope）．
图解：
注意句子修饰语in fact的图解法。
(5)程度副词（短语）
1671 程度副词（短语）可以：
(a)放在主语或助动词前，但这种情况很少见。
(b)放在主要动词前面，这种情况很常见。能这样用的副词及短语有almost，nearly，entirely，thoroughly，perfectly，vaguely，slightly，strongly，little，in all likelihood，as much as，not so much as，as good as，sort of，at any rate，at least。
I almost cried．He quite agrees with me．He wholly forgot that．He half smiled and half cried．He rather hates it．I hardly think so．I scarcely understand it．
He has fully understood her．*They will，on the whole，agree to my proposal．The business will，in the fullest degree（or in some measure），depend upon the political situation．（用在助动词后面）
He does not see it．（not必须放在助动词及主要动词之间）
Can't he go？（问句）
Don't talk too much．（禁止）
但not要放在being及having前面。
Not being able to go，I stayed at home with Mother．
Not having finished my work，I can't leave．
有时副词（短语）可放在not和主要动词之间。
He does not entirely believe me．
(c)放在谓语后面，这种情况很常见。
I like it very much．They need a house badly．I depend upon him fully for advice．I respect him highly（or greatly）．He needs money terribly（or awfully，dreadfully）．He suffered to such a degree．I love Mary best of all．I know it quite well．He loved her to a ridiculous extent．
I don't care（or care not）a jot（or a button，a bit，a whit，a morsel，a fig，a damn）about it．* I don't mind（or value）it a rush（or a rotten nut）．He blamed me no end．She laughed no end．I love my mother a whole big balloon．He thought world of his sweetheart．This accident speaks volumes for the danger of a drunken driver．（用作程度副词的名词或名词短语必须放在谓语或动词后面）
图解：
(6)方式副词（短语）
1672 方式副词（短语）可以：
(a)放在主语前用来加强语气。可这样用的副词及短语非常多。
Suddenly the door opened．Slowly he walked down the street．Slowly and impressively he rose from the seat．In a low voice he spoke．With one blow of his axe he cut it off．One by one they came out．* To his great delight he saw his home again．Slowly，but with courage，did he accomplish it．All at once did we start．
Bang goes the door．* Whizz goes the arrow．Snap went the rope．Crash went the glass．Thud went the bag of rice．Crack came the bottle．Pop come the accident．Crash went the disaster of the family．（表示声音的副词常放在动词go或come前面）
如果主语前有well，so，to such straits这样的副词（短语），它们和主语之间应有一个助动词。
Well can we say that．Well may he do anything he likes．
He has started and so must all of us．If he can go，so can we．
I like art and specially do I like music．
To such straits was I reduced！To such lengths did he go that nobody wanted to talk with him．To such a point（or a degree）will the war go on that all will be destroyed．
副词前若有how与它构成感叹句，则副词必须放在主语前面。
How beautifully she sings！How quickly he runs！
下面这些副词称为连接副词，通常放在主语前，可以看作一种并列连词：besides，also，then，likewise，moreover，again，in addition，nay，what is more；only，still，all the same，however，nevertheless，and yet，howbeit，conversely，on the contrary，on the other hand；therefore，hence，so，thus，consequently，accordingly，then，in consequence，as a result；otherwise，else〔可参阅1668（a）〕。
It may sound strange；however，it is true．He always wears a red shirt；hence he is so nicknamed．* He is poor；besides，he has a large family．Now he cried；then he laughed．He liked gambling；as a result he became a good-for-nothing．
下面这些词，特别是放在主语前面时，修饰整个句子：fortunately，luckily，unluckily（for him），happily，tragically；clearly，indisputable；essentially，characteristically；similarly；incidentally，inevitably，naturally，normally；curiously，interestingly，miraculously，ironically，surprisingly，unexpectedly；personally，honestly，frankly；geographically，militarily，politically，culturally；namely；firstly，finally，lastly；as for me，as to your proposal；by the way；for instance，for example；first of all，in the first place；to my thinking；at any rate，in any case，in short，in brief，in fine，in conclusion，in a word，in one word，in other words；in plain English，in plain words；oddly enough
Interestingly，the eye is like a camera．*Hands manipulate tools；more important，they create civilization．Unfortunately he dies of tuberculosis．Personally，I do not like his manner of speaking．Geographically，Laos is a small country．As for my school，English is the main subject．In a word，this is not an easy job．
(b)放在主要动词前或助动词后。（a）中所列连接副词及修饰整个句子的副词及短语较不重要时，可用于这个位置。在口语中，前后有停顿；在书面语中，前后有逗号。
My brother，besides，knows five languages．Most people，naturally，like peace．Japan and China，historically，belong to the same group．John and Mary，likewise，can help us．This，however，will simplify matters．
This will，however，simplify matters．They must，accordingly，inspect the spot of the murder．Most people will，of course，see through his trick．Many passengers have，luckily，been saved．
特别是认为这个主要动词比副词（短语）更重要，或是后面跟有一个较长的修饰语或宾语时。这种副词很多，如bravely，quietly。所有以-ly结尾的副词都可以这样用，这种短语也很多。
He ardently desired it．He deeply regretted his past．He slowly walked down the street with his son．He promptly answered the letter．He has anxiously inquired for his brother，who suddenly disappeared years ago．
