When he speaks Chinese，Tom looks awkward．（正确）
Tom looks awkward when he speaks Chinese．（正确）
He looks awkward when Tom speaks Chinese．（错误）
1696 1．时间状语从句
表示某个时刻：
I studied English when（or while，as）I was young．*
Someone uttered a cry when（or while，as）we were having a picnic．
The audience applauded John when（or as，但不可用while）he ended his speech．
When the war ended，millions had been killed．
I will come when（or if，但不可用while）I am free．
You will be unhappy when you are old and poor．
When（or After）I die，my children can take care of themselves．
When she turned off the light，she（同一主语）went to bed．
When she had turned off the light，she went to bed．（较清楚）
It began to rain just as I arrived home．
He kissed Mary just when his wife entered the room．
The villagers were enjoying their peaceful life when a war broke out．
（L）（这里的when意思接近and then或but just then）
We were having our picnic when it rained．
I was walking along when someone patted me on the back．
I was deep in gambling when the police entered．
This new policy came in the very times when they really needed it．
By the time the war ended，millions of children became orphans．
The next time she saw him，he was cooking rice．
表示某段时间：
The twelve days I was in Tokyo，I was extremely busy．*
（All）the while I was reading，they were playing mahjong．
You won't be hungry so long as（or as long as，while）I have enough to eat．*（只要我有饭吃，你就不至于挨饿。）
I can never be happy so long as my enemy is still alive．
I love you while I live．I'm happy as and when you're happy．
I have learned（till now）many things（ever）since I left school．
I had learned（till then）many things since I had left school．
表示频度：
Each（or Every）time I spoke，I was criticized．（每次说话，必受批评。）
They quarrel as often as（or whenever，every time）they meet．
Come whenever（or any time，no matter when）you are free．
表示“立即”“一……就……”：
They quarrelled（as）soon as（or directly，immediately，the moment，the instant）the wedding ceremony ended．（婚礼一结束，就吵了起来。）
He had scarcely（or hardly，barely，only just）began his song when the audience shouted at him．（L）
They had no sooner concluded the war than they were faced with pestilence．
I had not been in India before I married an Indian girl．
The words were scarcely out of my mouth before Mary cried．
表示“在……之前”：
Look before you jump．Don't jump before you look．
I will die before（=rather than that）I surrender．
I would do anything before（=rather than that）my family should want．
One must work hard before he succeeds（=if he intends to succeed）．
表示“在……之后”：
He remained pig-headed after（=though）he（had）failed．
He wants to be famous after he becomes rich．
表示“直到”：
He slept until it was nine（时刻）．（从句常在主句后）（till是口语体，可以代替until）
The mother sang a lullaby till the baby went to sleep．
He did not get up till it was nine．（=It was nine before he got up = Not until it was nine did he get up．要到九点，方才起床。）
He was not able to walk until he was five years old．
Until I met her，I had never known what's love．
图解：
1697 2．地点状语从句
They arrived where（=at the place where）they had fallen in love ten
years ago．*（L）
We eat，sleep and work where our forefathers have lived and died．
We have to go where（=to the place where）everybody has to go．（L）
He took me where we might dine and talk．
He is welcome wherever（or anywhere）he goes．
You may go anywhere（or wherever）you like（or choose，can，please，
want to）．
Where（or When，If）there is smoke，there is fire．（P）
Where there is life，there is hope．*（P）
We can't cooperate where there is no common benefit．
图解：
1698 3．比较状语从句
比较状语从句通常由as或than引起，有些句子成分通常省略（参阅1778节）。这类从句和大多数状语从句不同，它们不修饰动词，而修饰as，so，less，more等副词或其他比较级的词，如taller，harder。在这里讨论它们，不是将其作为动词修饰语，而是作为一种状语从句。包含这类从句的句子通常为L，即从句在后。
She is as tall as I（or me）．
He works as hard as his brother（does）．
He does not work as hard as his brother．
He does not work so hard as his brother．*
No other men work as（or so）hard as his brother（does）．
No other men work as hard as does his brother．
She is taller than I（or me）．
She is taller this year than（she was tall）last year．*
She is more shy than unsocial．
She thinks more about her appearance than（she thinks about）about her personality．
She finds it easier to read than to write．
She is not taller than I．（Both are tall．）
She is no taller than I．（Both are short．）
I can not persuade him any more than your persuade a pillar．（=I am unable to persuade him，just as you are unable to persuade a pillar．）
I can forget her no more than she（forgets）me．
Nothing is more dangerous than that you（should）make friends with him．*
I will help you rather than that you（should）have any trouble．
It is better that we should die rather than that we（should）be slaves．
He is only less silly than（=almost as silly as）John．
Than him no body is more clever．（=He is the cleverest man．）（than在这里的作用更接近介词）
Than this there are no better places．（This is the best place．）
I know John，than whom I have never seen a sillier man．
图解：
1699 4．方式状语从句
方式状语从句和比较状语从句不同。比较状语从句通常由as和than引起，不修饰主句里的动词，常有一些成分省略。方式状语从句只由as引起，修饰主句中的动词，只在少数情况下有些词省略（例如下面方括号中的词）。
Men fear death as（=in the same manner as）children fear the dark．*
Air is to man as（or what）water is to fish．
Man is inclined to do evil as water is inclined to flow down．
She played with him as a cat would［play］with a mouse．
He climbed Mount Everest just as you would [climb] a ladder．
As he had［lost heart］before，he lost heart as soon as he saw her．
He has sent the letter as he was told * [to send it]．
He sacrificed himself as he had pledged [to sacrifice himself]．
As everyone expected，the police came at once．
As I know，he has been a prisoner．
As it seems，the public ignore the accident．
As the story runs（or goes），they got married secretly．
Great minds think alike，as the saying is．
Describe the accident as it is．I left the matter as it was．
Now，as before（=as she did before），she still loves his parents，though she's got married．
Today，as for centuries past，peasants are important to a country．
In this case，as in others，one cannot be too honest．
As when she had lost her puppy last year，she cried bitterly．
He speaks，as it were，for your benefit（but he doesn't）．
He feels，as it were，insulted and neglected by all men．
I will do it exactly（or precisely，just，quite，much）as I am told．（as前面可有副词或副词短语修饰它）
I will do it the way（=as）I am told．
I will do it like（or same as）you did．（口语体）
We do business the same as they do．（商业用语）
He was punished，as were the other offenders*（=as other offenders were punished）．（助动词若被提到主语前面，则可代表整个谓语）
She learns English，as do many other girls（=as many other girls learn English．）
Asians can kiss in streets today，as can Americans．
He talks as if he were（or was）a professor and that（=as if）he knew a lot of art．（在as if引起的从句中，谓语通常为虚拟语气）
He feels as if nothing were wrong．
He feels like nothing is wrong．（口语体）
He seems（or looks）as if he knows it（=may know it）．（陈述语气）
It seems（or looks）like he knows it．（口语体）
He laughed and cried just（or much，precisely）as if he went mad．
He went in a hurry as though（=as if）he had something urgent to do．*
His home is as（=in the same condition as）he left it fifty years ago．
He is just as I think about him．
Everything is almost as we saw it in India．
Our viewpoint is as you have known it for many years．
As you sow，so you will reap．（P）（as引起的从句修饰副词so）
As fire tries gold，so does adversity try friendship．
As in war，so in love．（主语、谓语都没有）
As with individuals，so with nations．
As is the father，so is the son．
I love him as（=like）a son of mine．（as用作介词）
She swims as a fish．
They rose as one man．
Do it in whatever way（=as）you can．
In this country one can act however（=as）one wishes．
We can eat and drink how（=as）we like．
Aunt is partial towards me，like towards a baby．
I bought a used TV set as is（=without repairs）．
图解：
1700 5．伴随情况状语从句
I never gambled that I did not lost money．*（L）（=I never gambled without losing money=I lost money whenever I gambled．）
We never meet but we quarrel．（but为陈旧用法=that not）
He never courts a girl but he is laughed at．
It never rains but it pours．
Few men say anything but someone would criticize it．
Never a day passes but that（or but what）（=but）they have some trouble．（少见）
I never see liquor without（=but）I drink it．（文盲语言）
I never drink it without I get drunk．
图解：
1701 6．对比状语从句
Human lives are so cheap，while bread is so dear．
He walked while he might ride．*
He sold it for ten dollars when（or while，whereas）everyone else sold it for twelve．
Some die of hunger，while others die of eating too much．
Some study the secret of longevity，whereas others study the method of killing．
图解：
1702 7．原因或理由状语从句
The crops failed because the season was ill．*（L）
The crops did not fail because the season was ill．（=The crops failed，but not because the season was ill．）
The crops did not fail，because the season was favourable．（注意从句前的逗号）
I love him（all）the more because he is simple．
I do not love him the less because he is simple；或I love him none the less because he is simple．（=I still love him though he is simple．）（L）
As it is so easy，you can do it at once．（=It is，as you know，so easy，so you can do it at once．）
Since（较as更书面化一些）it is so easy，you can do it．（since，as和now常可用来开始一个句子，意思不及because那样强）
Now（that）everything is ready，we must hesitate no more．
I'll tell you something，now we are alone．
He shall be pardoned seeing that（or considering that，in view of the fact that）he is very young．
He must be punished seeing that he has committed the crime three times．*
He does wrong in that he leaves his children uneducated．（L）
He is a fool in that he married a slut．（in that为较书面化用法）
He will resign in as much as（or for the reason that，on the ground that，on the grounds that）he is too old．（in as much as和in so much as都是书面化的用法）
Whereas（= Seeing that，为法律用语）the place is dangerous，nobody is allowed to stand near．（P）
She could not keep still，so happy was she（or she was so happy）．
（L）（在使用so或such时，表示原因的连词常常省略。比较：
She was so happy that she could not keep still．）
I cannot understand，he speaks so fast．
He moved the audience，he spoke with such eloquence．
Fool that I was（=As I was a fool），I was cheated．（fool前不加冠词）
He refused to quarrel with anyone，great scholar that he was．
He failed，not that he was lazy，but（because）he was ill．
图解：
1703 8．结果或程度状语从句
Microbes are so small that they can't be seen with our eyes．*（L）
Microbes are small，so that they can't be seen with our eyes．（注意从句前的逗号）
He studied hard（so）that he finally succeeded．（so可以省略）
He speaks so fast（that）I can't understand him．（that可以省略，特别是在口语中）
The book is so easy（that）everyone can read it．
He spoke with such eloquence（that）they were moved．*（such用在名词前面，而so用在形容词或副词前面）
It was extremely cold，so much so that（or insomuch that）nobody went out．（较书面化的说法）
Let them curse me as much as they please．
Both sides were killed to the degree that（or to such an extent as）they dare not fight any more．
No man is so old but（that）he may learn（= that he may not learn）．*（L）（两部分都有否定意思）
Nothing is so hard but what（口语体）it comes easy by practice．
Are you my father that you should order me about？（L）（在这类带有情绪的句子中，主句可能是一个问句）
Is he really blind that he should not see it？
Am I a dog that you should treat me like that？
Who are you that you dare to insult me？
What is happening there that they should be so noisy？
Where have you been that you should be so angry？
What a fool I am that I should marry such a pig！（主句可以是感叹句）
How clever you are that you do know how to curse now！
图解：
1704 9．目的状语从句
He works hard（in order，in the hope，on purpose，for the purpose，to the end）that he may succeed．*
He works so hard that he may（or can，will）succeed．（L）
Ten apples were bought（so）that each child should have one．
I waved so（that）they could see．
We hid away the cakes so（that）no one should see them．（L）
We hid away the cakes for fear（that）he should（or might）see them．
We work hard lest we should fail．（较书面化的说法）
We fight on till we achieve independence．
图解：
1705 10．条件状语从句
If it rains，I shall（or will，can，may）not go out．（I do not know whether it will rain or not．）
If it should rain，I shall（or will，can，may）not go out．（I do not know whether it will rain or not．）
If it should rain，I should（or would，could，might）not go out．（I don't think it will rain．）
If it rained，I should（or would，could，might）not go out．（I know itwill not rain．）
If it had rained，I should（or would，could，might）not have gone out．（I know it did not rain．）
If it rained，he will（or can，may）not have gone out．（I do not knowwhether it rained or not．）
If he only（or but）works harder，he will succeed．（He doesn't have to do anything else in order to succeed．）
If you only care to flatter your boss，you will be promoted．
If and when I die，you must take good care of yourself．
He may resign if he so desires（or chooses，wills，purposes）．
I may do anything if I intend（or wish，like，will）it．
He is nothing if（he is）not（=absolutely，decidedly）a cheat．
Your guess is nothing if（it is）not correct．
Ask that gentleman if gentleman（不加冠词）he be．（倒装语序）
His conscience forbade him to do so，if conscience he had．
I have succeeded in persuading a drunkard，if succeed one can．
Let me know your reason，if reason there is．
I have told her ten times，if I have done once（=exactly）．
The mountain is 5,650 feet，if an inch（=exactly）．
If ever there was a hero，I saw one．（If引起的从句可加强主句的语气）
I love lilies，if ever I have loved any flowers in my life．
If I have ever eaten the best food，it was at the Diamond．（赞许）
If anyone knows how to handle several wives，it is Lee Ming．
If the Lucky serves good food，every restaurant does．（批评）
If Wang Soo is expert in kungfu，I don't know who is．
If she agrees，if her parents do not refuse，and if I have been graduated，then I will marry her．（如主句前面有几个if引起的从句，或从句较长，则可加then）
If you，my daughter，realize that one should be friendly to others，no matter whether they are rich or poor，then you will treat your servant better．
I cheat you？If so，you kill me．If not，I kill you．（If引起的从句中，主语和动词都没有）
Call a doctor，if necessary ；and ask Mary to look after baby，if possible．
Supposing（or Suppose）it were so，what would you do？（常用在问句中）
