Suppose you get sick，who will take care of you？
Suppose we go for a swim．（提出建议，没有主句）
Suppose our plan has been detected by the police．（忧虑）
Provided（or Providing）（that）you give me a receipt，I will pay the rent．
Provided always（or Always provided）（较为强调）（that）he confesses his fault，he will be pardoned．
I will give him anything he wants on condition that he will show good manners．
So（= Provided）（少见）you offend nobody，you may take courage．
So long as（or As long as）one is honest，one can get along at any nook．*
There's war in so far as there's the earth beneath our feet．
In case（or In the event that）you（should）catch cold（可能发生情况），put on more clothes（作为预防措施）．
Don't wait for me in case something should happen．
I prepared tea in case some friends called on me．
I will leave a note in case he is absent．
Take some money，just in case．（省略整个从句）
Once I arrived home，I forgot all trouble．*
Once she begins to cry，there is no stopping her．
Once（=If once）you smoke，you can't give up smoking．
As（=If）you value your life，hand me your purse．
I told him，as he values his life，to keep silent．
So may God help me as I speak the truth．
So may I prosper！
Unless you（= If you do not）give up smoking，you will suffer from cancer．（=If you give up，you won't suffer from cancer．）
We must fight on unless and until we all die．
I'll never forgive you without（=unless）you repent．（不规范语言）
But that he is ill（= If he were not ill），he would not stay at home．
I would keep silent，but that you are my elder brother．
I would have failed but that you helped me（= if you had not helped me）．
Let me die，but I am（= if I am not）greatly shocked．
Were it not that you encourage me，I would never succeed．
条件从句有时并不由连词引起。
Were I（=If I were）a bird，I would fly to you．*（系动词＋主语）（虚拟语气）
Could I（=If I could）do it，I would do it at once．
Should he see it，he would believe．
Try once more，and（= If you try once more，）you will fail again．（祈使句＋and）
Give him a gun and he was sure to fight like a hero．（对过去的假设情况）
You do it again，（无 and）I'll kill you．（口语体）
Come，death，and I shall be free．
Let there be no wisdom on earth，and there will be peace．
You don't eat anything？Then you will feel tired．
Seeing that he is an old man，I therefore respect him．
Because I kept silent，they accordingly thought me guilty．
A few days' rest and（=If you take a few days' rest，）you will be all right again．（代替if从句的“名词＋and”）
A word from her，and he will change his mind．
The least noise and all would be ruined．
One day more and I am free again．
There is a will，there is a way．（谚语）（没有连词）
Nothing venture，nothing have；but grasp all，lose all．
No money，no say．（没有主语和动词）
Once a knave，always a knave．
下面这种条件从句可以单独使用，不要主句，表示无法实现的愿望：
If only I could see her！
If he could but recover！
Had I but taken your advice！
If ever I saw the like of it！（惊奇）
I'm（or I'll be）damned（or dashed，blowed，hanged，shot）if I know．（=I really don't know．）（这是发誓的说法，主句的誓语强调if从句中的假设与事实相反）
Burn（or Hang，Blow，Blame，Strike，Search）me if I deceive you．（=I never deceive you．）
I am a villain（or The devil take me，I eat my head）if I am not aithful to you．（=I am faithful to you．）
If this is human life！（=This is not human life．）（省略誓语）
If it is not a pity！（=It is a pity．）
图解：
1706 11．依据状语从句
依据状语从句也可看作是一种原因或条件状语从句，表示“根据（随着）……而……”。这类句子中的状语从句多放在后面。
a．表示“依据（情况不同）而……”
We see things differently according as we are（either）rich or poor*（= because we are rich or because we are poor）．
An official is praised or blamed according as he is just or not．（=He is praised if he is just and is blamed if he is not．）
You may study science，art，or commerce according to which subject interests you most．（according to＋疑问从句）
A man will rise or fail according to how patient he is．
b．表示“随着（……的程度）而……”
One will prosper in proportion（or in the same degree，in measure）as he knows himself*（= because he knows himself more，or less）．
Their attitude toward you varies in proportion as you are wealthy（= according to the degree of your richness）．
We will win the war according as we understand our enemy．
As I grew older，（so）I grew less ambitious．
As they march forward，（so）the guerillas move backward．
We have more trouble as we have more children．
We advance in life as we advance in knowledge．
He became happy as he became rich．
The value of money decreases as the price of merchandise increases．
You see farther as you climb higher．
The（=If to a certain degree）（用作连词）poorer he becomes，the（=to that degree）（用作副词）less friends he has．*（P）
The more I earn，the less content I feel．
The farther I went，the lonelier I felt．
The more he studied music，the less he could（or could he）understand it．
The faster（that）you progress，the faster you will（or will you）retreat．（可加上that）
The more（that）you know of a profession，the more you like（or do you like）it．
The sooner（that）we start，the better it is（不是is it）．
The younger is the pupil，the naughtier he is．
The more I read，the more I travel，the more I think，— the more ignorant do I feel．
The sooner，the better．（没有主语和谓语动词）
The more haste，the less speed．
间或从句放在后面。
I love her more（and more），the longer we are separated．（=The longer we are separated，the more I love her．）
He became more（and more）stupid，the older he grew．
图解：
1707 12．让步状语从句
Although（or Though）he is（or be）rich，he is（still，yet，nevertheless）unhappy．*（He may be rich．）
If he is old，he is still active．
Even if（or Even though）he is（or be）willing，I will not trouble him．
Granting（or Granted，Admitting）it is true，what is wrong？
He is contented，notwithstanding that（or in spite of the fact that，despite that）he is poor．（书面化的说法）
While（or When）he has got everything，he is still unsatisfied．
Though he were rich，he would not be happy．（But in fact he is poor．）
Even if he were willing，I would not trouble him．（But in fact he is not willing．）
Rich as（or Though）he is（= Though he is rich），he is not happy．
（P）（让步状语从句的最后一词移到as或though前面）
Small as the dog looked，it was vicious．*
Sincerely as Mary loves him，he ignores her．
Hero（不加冠词）as（or though）he was，he turned pale．
Powerful man as he may be，he is a coward before his wife．
Easy as you think it，it costs me a lot of labour．
Great wealth as he has，he is not content．
Punished as he was，he remained stubborn．
While（=although）（正式文体）I object，I say nothing．
While I like his face，I don't like his manners．
She looks sick，if pretty（=though she looks pretty）．（L）
Stay with me if only for a day（=though you stay with me only for a day）．
He works hard if only to earn two dollars a day．
图解：
1708 13．“不管”状语从句
“不管”状语从句可以看作是一种带有疑问词的让步状语从句，在多数情况下可译作“不管……”。
Whatever（or No matter what）you（may）say，I can't believe．*（=Though you may say this，that or anything，I can't believe．）
However（or Any way）you do it，you will get nothing．
Whichever road we（may）take，we shall be too late．
Wherever we live，we have trouble．*
You must select at least one job，no matter what（or which）．
You must get married，no matter when．
Whether you like the job or whether you think it useless，you have to do it．
Whether you like the job or（whether you）think，etc．
Whether you like the job or（whether you do）not（like it），etc．
Whether it is（or be）true or not（或 or no），the rumour will be believed．
Whether（it is）true or not，the rumour will be believed．
（Whether it is）True or not，the rumour will be believed．
Rich or poor，we remain relatives．Win or lose，we remain good friends．
Say what you will（or may）（=No matter what you may say），there is no place like home．（动词＋疑问词＋主语＋will或may）（P）
Look which way you will（or may），you will see poverty．
Cost what it may，I'll buy it．
Come what may，I will do my best．*
Come hell（or Come hot water），I will save her from danger．
Try as I may（= No matter how I may try），I can't succeed．
Run as he might，he couldn't overtake the thief．
Be a man as rich as he will（= No matter how rich a man may be），he should be humble．（P）
Art，vary how it may，remains art．
The enterprise，be it as small as it may，requires great ability．
Let the consequences be what they may（=Be the consequences what they may），he remains firm．
Let John work never so hard（= However hard John may work），he remains poor．
Detest him as they may，he grows richer and richer．
图解：
1709 14．限制状语从句
限制状语从句不是只修饰动词，而是修饰整个主句，常可译为“据……”“就……来说”“在……方面”。
So far as I can see（or can judge，can learn），he can't be honest．*
He has a happy family，as far as I know（or my knowledge goes）．
That is all right，as far as I am concerned．
He has done everything，as nearly as I can guess．
As far as buying machines，we all agree．（商业英语）
He has never been a doctor，that（or as）（=as far as）I know（or that I remember）．（L）
He was not happy，that I saw（or that I heard of）．
“Has he been a soldier？”“Not that I know of．”（not=He has not been a soldier）．
For anything（or all，what，ought）I know（or hear，see，care，can tell），he is playing you a trick．
He may have escaped，for anything I know（or for anything that appears in the papers）to the contrary．（但for引起的不是从句）
He is a good official，as officials（or times，the world）go（=according to the present circumstances）．
He is a good businessman as businessmen go．
As the world goes（or As times go），John is a good son．
As things go（or run，are），this car is very cheap．
As the case（or the matter，matters）stand（s），we can do nothing yet．
As（it）（it总是省略）regards football，I am not much interested．*
He was very unhappy as regarded his marriage．
As（it）（it总是省略）concerns your proposal，I will answer you in a few days．
He was unable to do anything as concerned their request．
（As far）As（it）concerned philosophy，he had studied it twenty years．
These books are the same in that（or in so far as）they deal with war．（限制在某个方面）（L）
It is different from mine in that it looks prettier．
Knowledge is only important in that it is useful．
图解：
上句中，“As far as I can see”修饰整个句子“he can't be honest”。
1710 15．例外状语从句
I don't want anything but（or except，save，saving，beyond，only）that my children should obey their parents．（that很少省略）
She is pretty except（or but）for the fact that her eyes are too big．
Nothing can satisfy her except that I buy her a necklace．*
Save that a few pictures hung on the wall，the room was empty．
He does not need me except when he wants to borrow money．（= except that he needs me when he wants to borrow money．）
He never touches any vitamins except because he is ill．
Nobody came but（or except，save）John（= except that John came）．（but用在名词前时，与其视其为连词，后面有一从句省略，不如把它看作介词，跟有一名词作宾语）
Every（or Any）student can answer the question，but he（or him）．（若把but看作连词，则后面可用he；若把它看作介词，则后面用him）
I have no other friend than（=friend but）you．（前面有other，otherwise或else时，but，except或save必须用than代替）
The murderer is no（or none）other than he（or him）．
Come on any other day than Sunday．
Have you anything else than this old song-book？
Nobody else than mother cares about it．
I can do no other（or otherwise）than（=cannot but）laugh．
图解：
说明1
1711 并列（非限制性）关系从句可以看作是一种状语从句，不过它们的意思不如普通状语从句表达得那么清楚。
The labourers，who（=when they）had finished their work，went home．
The criminal，who（=when he）heard the sentence，cried bitterly．
This house，which（=because it）is painted red，looks odd．
The street，where（=because on it）so many cars drive up and down，is dangerous to children．
The city，which（= though it）looks so pretty，covers up many crimes．
John，who（= though he）has lived here twenty years，does not know even a single street．
图解：
说明2
1712 在时间、条件、让步等状语从句中，作主语的代词和动词be有时可以省略，这时主句和从句的主语必须指同一人或物。
John waited there till（he was）called for．（由于从句中的主语he和主句中的主语John指同一个人，时间状语从句中的代词主语he和was可以省略）
He ran up and down，as if（he was）looking for something．*
They will not surrender，unless（they are）caught．
See me if（you are）in need．
When（he was）young，Lee lived in Korea．
Though（he is）rich，he works hard．
However cold（it is），the weather is still pleasant*．
Good books，whether（they are）easy or hard，are to be read carefully．
The park，while（it is）under repair，is not open to the public．
When five years old，his father died．（错误。从句的主语与主句的主语不一致，应说When five years old，he lost his father．或 When he was five years old，his father died．参阅1095）
She won't marry him until mutually understood．（错误。从句中的主语与主句中的主语不一致，应说 They won't marry until mutually understood．或She won't marry him until they are mutually understood．）
图解：
但是在一些特殊用法中，从句中被省略的主语与主句的主语并不指同一个人或物。这种情况下，被省略的部分多为it is或they are。
You can come at 5 a．m.，if possible（=if it is possible，而不是if you are possible）．
He will consult a lawyer，if necessary（=if it is necessary）．
You can earn as much as possible．
I will do it whenever possible．
The students are to insert prepositions where required（=where they are required）．
（You）Keep the cap on while not in use（=while the liquid is not in use）．
C．以动名词为宾语的介词短语
1713 介词后跟有动名词作宾语的结构也可用来修饰谓语动词。“介词＋动名词”结构的作用和状语从句的作用差不多，也可表示时间、原因、结果等。注意所使用的不同介词与介词短语。
a．时间
My brother goes to school after taking（=after he takes）his breakfast．*
Some women never think before speaking —and not even after．
On arriving（= as soon as I arrived）in London，I visited Dr．West；and just before leaving it，I called on him again．
I was shocked at hearing（= when I heard）the news that our manager had been arrested．
In saying this，I don't mean to offend my boss，my coworkers or anyone．
He lost his passport during his travelling in Japan and other Asian countries．
She had a baby four months after getting married to an engineer．
On receiving the goods，I sent him the money．
Long，long before Europeans making guns，Chinese knew how to make firecrackers．
b．方式
The war spread quickly like the burning of the forest．*
She danced so beautifully，just like swimming（=as if she were swimming）under water．
I prefer staying at home to wandering about the world．（=I like staying at home better than wandering about the world．）
c．伴随情况
He never talks without offending others．（=He never talks but he offends others．）
d．原因
He lost heart because of（or owing to，due to，on account of）being attacked（=because he was attacked）by the public．
He is dismissed for doing something wrong．
He died from drinking too much liquor．
He became crazy through losing all his fortune．
He has a bad cold in consequence of（or as the result of）walking in the rain．
