His children are prevented from playing outside on the street．
b．He likes dancing with his girl friend and with her only．
He has the habit of eating his meal in a hurry．
c．Writing poems at night when all is quiet has been his habit，which was formed in his college days．
We are accustomed to thinking ourselves wiser than others．
d．He is fond of playing mahjong to kill time．* Going to the pictures to forget one's sorrow is advisable．
3．不定式
a．He decides to start work tomorrow．The tiger，it is said，finds it easy to climb up，but hard to dash down．
b．I don't like to eat dinner at a restaurant．He refused to go with me．
c．He decides to write letters as soon as he finishes his supper．Although corruption is common in this country，he refused to bribe any official so that he might be pardoned．
d．To work more hours in order to step up production is not a good policy．*
1731 图解：
注：放在非谓语动词前面（1732）以及为了强调而放在它后面的修饰语（1733），其图解方式和通常放在非谓语动词后面的修饰语（1730）的图解方式相同。
B．通常用在非谓语动词前面的副词
1732 非谓语动词（黑体部分）也可被a．频度副词、b．程度副词、c．肯定副词或d．方式副词修饰。这些修饰语（斜体部分）通常都放在非谓语动词前面。
1．分词
a．Usually arriving at nine，today he appeared at seven．Occasionally delayed by traffic，he may arrive at the office later than usual．Not being in the country，he does not know what is happening there．
b．Fully believing in education，he decided to be a teacher．Utterly destroyed，the village had not even a mouse left．Slightly frightened，the mouse looked about．
c．Probably understanding his master's speech，the dog shook his head．Possibly frightened， the child hid behind the door．He left the court，apparently disappointed and dejected．
d．Suddenly standing up，the child ran into his mother's arms．John stood there，carefully examined by Mary's mother．So（or Thus）（常放在分词之前）saying， he left．They opened fire，thus（or thereby）killing eight of us．
2．动名词
a．Her parents try to prevent her from often going out with the boy．He is very proud of never drinking or smoking．
b．Fully understanding a poem is not an easy task．The mayor is still far from completely commanding the situation．
c．I never thought of John possibly defeating his antagonist．
d．Carefully investigating the case is the duty of this bureau，which has investigated such cases many years．He is fond of leisurely walking along the country road．
3．不定式
a．Always to eat the same food is not a good habit．Never to talk too much is my motto．
b．An official has been sent here to thoroughly study the case．（有时须插在to和动词之间）
c．He stood there，probably to wait for his sweetheart．He came three days ago，surely to borrow money from John．
d．She left her family to faithfully follow him to a distant land．She cried in order to more effectively persuade him．
如果一个非谓语动词由having，having been，have，have been或be等开头，副词通常插在这个助动词与后面的动词之间。
1．分词
Having already advised him three times，I must keep silent now；it is no use to say anything more．
Having been completely destroyed，the city will take at least five years to clean up and rebuild．
Being carelessly built， the cabin suddenly fell down．
2．动名词
He is proud of having twice won the prize．Leo and Ada confessed having been suddenly searched by the police，but they said they did not care about it．Eric has been used to being utterly forgotten by his relatives and friends．
3．不定式
He expected to be generously accepted by those people．
This new system needs to be bravely adopted．I'm sorry the furniture seems to have been largely eaten by some insects．After the twenty-seven days' battle，the town is found to have been partly destroyed．The population of this city appears to be steadily increasing，although many have been killed by war．It astonishes me for him to have so quickly mastered a foreign language．
注意：
This is very much to be regretted（=regrettable）．
Milk is infinitely to be preferred（=preferable）to coffee．
C．为了强调而用在非谓语动词后面的副词
1733 有少数a．频度副词、b．程度副词及大部分c．方式副词可以放在非谓语动词后面以示强调。
1．分词
a．I have to take precaution against the stranger calling on me so frequently．I have never seen a lady loving dogs so much as she．
b．He has a good memory，remembering the long poem perfectly．
c．He sat in a chair，reading his book carefully．
Written hastily，the letter has some defects．
2．动名词
a．Smoking cigarettes only occasionally cannot be harmful．
I am astonished at his going to the night-club so frequently．
b．It is possible his depending partly upon his parents for his education．
c．I am glad to hear of your working studiously．Doing one thing constantly is essential to success．
3．不定式
a．Is it good to visit the cinema so often ？It was true he planned to take exercise daily．
b．It is hard to know a subject thoroughly．We decide to study the case fully．
c．The teacher asks us to take notes accurately．We are asked to come quickly．Is there any way to stop war effectively ？
1734 说明1：not和never通常都放在不定式前面。
I wish never to meet her again．
The best thing to do is not to mention it any more．
He seemed never to have seen a prettier girl．
I don't remember ever to have（or to have ever）seen this gentleman．
1735 说明2：一般说来，副词不宜紧跟在to后面，那样造成不定式的两部分（to和动词原形）分离。但是如果一个副词放在不定式前会令人误以为修饰它前面的动词，而放在后面又过于强调，则可以将其放在to和动词原形之间。
He wishes to utterly forget his past．（utterly放在to前面不好，放在past后面也不好）
He advised them to strictly follow the rules．
He has begun to really understand this principle．
It worried him to gradually lose the use of his leg．
三、形容词的修饰语
A．副词（短语）
1736在1623—1735中我们讨论了谓语及非谓语动词的修饰语。在1736—1769中，我们将讨论形容词、副词、介词及连词的修饰语。前面我们已谈到，动词的修饰语可以放在几个位置上，但其中只有一两个位置最恰当。而其他词的修饰语不是放在所修饰词的前面就是后面，因此也就比较容易使用。现在我们先谈形容词的修饰语。
形容词修饰名词，而形容词本身又可被其他词所修饰，如副词（短语）、介词短语及不定式。
1．用在形容词前面的副词（短语）
a．程度副词（短语）
1737 修饰形容词的大多都是程度副词（短语），它们通常都放在形容词前面。
否定：
(1)The stars are not visible．（注意：No stars are visible．No star is visible．Not a star is visible．）
Such accidents are common．Such accidents are not uncommon．（意思和common差不多，但程度较弱）
It is not unpleasant．It is not impossible．
(2)It is never（or nothing）easy．It is not a bit*（or not at all，not in the least，not in any way，in no way，no ways，in no respect，nowise，by no manner of means，by no means，far from，anything but，nowhere near，not nearly so，not half） easy（=It is extremely difficult）．
较低程度或中等程度：
(3)The horse is slightly（or rather，somewhat）tired．
He is something funny．
This theory is half（or partly，quite［Br．］）correct．
The rope is fairly strong．
The situation is pretty（or sort of，kind of，more or less，in some way，in some sort，in some fashion）peaceful．
The statement is，in a fashion（or sort，way，sense，manner，measure），correct．
He is none too（or not too，not so，not altogether，not all that，not very，not extremely，not over-）happy．It is comparatively（or relatively）easy．
He felt some better，but not any too comfortable yet．
不足的程度：
(4)They are scarcely（or hardly）（=not quite）helpful，and barely（=only just）enough（不令人满意）．They are almost（or nearly）enough（令人满意）．He is all but（=almost）dead．It's about（=almost）（口语说法）ready．
(5)There is scarcely any（=almost no）one in the house．
He said scarcely a word．He spoke to nearly every member．I can do hardly anything．Almost nothing can stop his plan．（限定形容词有时可以用副词来修饰）
较高程度：
(6)It is very exciting（or fascinating，striking，trying，tempting，distressing，depressing，stimulating，etc．）．（表示情绪的现在分词可用作形容词）
It is very deserving（or becoming，rewarding）．
He is very grasping（or knowing，uncompromising，uncomplaining）．（这些特殊的现在分词可用作形容词，可用too或very修饰）
He is very pleased（or delighted，amused，gratified，soothed，contented，satisfied；vexed，annoyed，disgusted；astonished，amazed；shocked，frightened，terrified；worried，harassed，distressed，concerned；agitated，upset，disturbed，excited；embarrassed，ashamed；tired，exhausted，wearied；dejected；devoted；determined；charmed；enlightened；relieved；interested；preoccupied）．（表示情绪的过去分词可用作形容词，可用too或very修饰）
但在作动词时，分词不可用very或too修饰。
He is much（or highly，greatly，considerably）respected by others．
(7)They are very good（or bad，many，few，far，new）．It is very little（or much）．（very常和good这类形容词一起用）
He is more than usually alert．He is quite honest．
He is right（or almighty，extra）（口语用法）smart．
(8)This theory is largely（or mainly，principally，mostly，chiefly）（=for the most part）correct．
I should think this remark is，in a large measure（or in a great degree），believable．
He is not a little worried．
I am only too（or but too，all too）glad to do it．
He is no end（or ever so，more than）happy to hear it．
完全的程度（常和不宜用于比较级的形容词连用，起加强语气的作用）：
(9)It is entirely（or completely，thoroughly，quite，absolutely）harmless（or pure）．
This man is extremely（or exceedingly）dangerous．
They are fully aware of the danger．
The plan is all-important．
It is utterly（or totally，downright）wrong（or false）（或其他表示令人不快的形容词）．
It is altogether（or purely，completely）fictitious．
He is just（or simply）wonderful．
It is the very best（or very latest，very first）one．
(10)It is sufficiently strong（注意：strong enough）．
有限的程度：
(11)He has no more than（or just）three dollars．He has not more than（or at most）three dollars．He has not（or less than）three dollars．He has only（or just）one daughter．
过分的程度：
(12)The city is too（or excessively）noisy．
He seems to be over-cautious．
He died only too（or but too）young．
It is extravagantly expensive．
He has more money than enough．
渐增的程度：
(13)Our situation becomes gradually（or steadily，increasingly）better．
His future became more and more（or still more，yet more）brilliant．
1738 用so来代替一个形容词时，so本身也可由一个程度副词（短语）来修饰。
The room is big，too much so（=too big）for a child．
The teacher is severe，so much so（=so severe）that most of the students dare not go to school．
His family is very happy，more so（=happier）than most of the families in this village．
I am glad to see him，more so（=more glad）because I haven't seen him for years．
She is pretty and even the most so（=the prettiest）in her class．
1739 程度副词（短语）常常修饰形容词的比较级和最高级。
This is much（or far，greatly，lots，a lot，every bit，a good deal）better than that．
That is considerably（or tremendously，decidedly，immeasurably，incomparably）larger than this．
This is three times better than that．
Lilian is somewhat（or a little）taller．
Mary is not（or little）more intelligent than her younger sister．
The younger brother is much（or by far，in every way）the more intelligent of the two．
Is this any larger than that？This is larger by a long shot．
She is much（or by far，a long way，a good deal，far and away，out and out，out of sight，head and shoulders）the tallest（or the most beautiful）of all．
1740 我们把前面带数词的名词称作“副词型形容词或名词”。它可以用来修饰形容词，说明其程度，通常都放在其前面。
(1)The log is twelve feet long（or in length），* one foot thick（or in diameter），three and a half feet round（or in circumference）．
The lake is two miles across（or in diameter），about twenty feet deep（or in depth）．
He is a head taller than I．
He is four floors above，living with a lady．
He is ankle（or waist，shoulder）deep in water．
The watermelons are mountains high．
The husband and the wife are a world apart．
(2)The theatre is nine-tenths full（or empty）．
He is half dead．
Mary is part happy，part angry．
(3)He is five minutes（too）late．
She is five months pregnant．
He is forty pounds overweight．
He is two months overdue．
The date is four days wrong．
I am fifty years old．
(4)Our army is a million strong．
(5)The pork is two pounds heavy（=in weight）．
(6)I am five dollars short．
b．肯定副词（短语）
1741 肯定副词（短语）也可修饰形容词。
This war is decidedly（or clearly，avowedly）disastrous．
This method is probably（or perhaps，possibly）good．
His remark is，to all intents and purposes（or to all purposes，to all appearance），correct．（这些短语也可放在形容词后面）
c．方式副词
1742 方式副词可以修饰形容词，在这样用时它们必须放在形容词前面。注意，表示方式的副词短语也可修饰形容词，但它们需要放在形容词的后面（参阅1747节）。
She is miserably poor（=poor and miserable，or poor to the degree of misery），uncommonly pretty（=pretty and uncommon，or pretty to an uncommon degree），indescribably clever（=so much so that her cleverness cannot be described），hopelessly lonesome，seriously ill，lamentably thin，incredibly patient，deplorably innocent，foolishly honest，desperately fond of flowers，naturally disgusted with city life．
It is provokingly ugly，exceedingly large，practically useless，dangerously shaky．
These activities are highly important，exclusively cultural，wonderfully beneficial，delightfully simple，tolerably expensive．
This is remarkably（or noticeably，tremendously，manifestly，exceptionally）better than all．
The situation is dangerously peaceful．
Her dress is beautifully simple．
He is infamously famous．
She is blissfully innocent．
He is awful [ ly ]（or dreadful [ ly ]，fearful [ ly ]，terribl [ y ]）（=extremely）wise．
1743 有些形容词和现在分词可以用作形容词的修饰语，这时带有口语色彩，且强调的语气较强（参阅1661节）。
He is devilish handsome，deuced clever，extreme wilful，real stubborn，marvellous merry，prodigious active，mighty glad，pretty wise，plenty strong．
He is dead drunk（or stupid，slow，asleep，tired，sure of his future）．
He is broad awake．
He is stark naked（or mad，blind，wild）．
He is rare honest，bitter poor，awful sad，right glad．
I am jolly（or mighty）glad．I am precious sorry．
He is raging（or raving）mad，stinking drunk，biting sarcastic．
It is exceeding small，thundering good，passing strange，shocking bad，blazing strange，flattering sweet．
It is uncommon fine，jolly nice，damned cheap，dead easy，desperate windy，bitter cold，pestilent cloudy．
It is monstrous thick，dreadful dirty，beastly stuffy，confounded difficult，sickly white and rotten pink．
It is blazing（or burning，smoking）hot，flaming red，biting cold，groping dark，shining bright，soaking（or pouring）wet．
1744 在口语中，某些“形容词＋and”结构可有“very”的意思。
He is good and tired（=very tired）．
It is rare and hot today．
The coffee is nice and warm．
John is fine and astonished．
Keep the kitchen sweet and clean．
She leaves the house rare and dirty．
1745 副词还可修饰作定语的名词。
It is a really first-rate policy，a purely family problem，a strictly business affair，a fairly average condition．
These are partly state affairs，somewhat old-world customs，very everyday affairs．
2．用在形容词后面的副词（短语）
1746 a．副词很少放在它所修饰的形容词后面，只有少数程度副词短语可以。由in引起的短语通常放在所修饰形容词的前面（参阅1737节），但为了强调可放在后面。to引起的短语则要放在所修饰形容词的后面。
The accident is strange in a high degree*（or in the extreme）．
This statement is correct in a fashion（or a sort，a measure，a sense，a way，a manner）．
It is believable in a great degree（or measure，extent）．
It is satisfactory in every way（or in every respect，in all respects）．
He is covetous（or obstinate，miserable）to a（or a certain，a small，a large，a great，the last）degree（or extent）．
He is kind after a fashion．
1747 b．除了程度及肯定副词短语，所有其他副词短语（包括时间、地点、方式等副词短语）通常都放在所修饰形容词的后面。
