He is late for dinner．
It seems easy to me．
The rod is thick at both ends．
He grows clever in every way．
The book is famous in China．
A man cautious all the time might make a gross mistake．
This dog is black around its eyes．
He is generous to a fault．
The fruit is rotten to the core．
It is satisfactory in all respects．
1748 在上面的例句中，所有被修饰的形容词都在句中作补语，用在系动词后。但被修饰的形容词也可在其他位置上。
This machine is wonderfully useful．
This wonderfully useful machine can cut any metal．
This machine，wonderfully useful，can cut any metal．
Wonderfully useful，this machine can cut any metal．
He finds this machine wonderfully useful．
Those people are very interesting．
Many of them are very interesting people．
Those people，very interesting，can do something for our city．
Very interesting，those people can do something for our city．
I find those people very interesting．
图解：
B．介词短语
1749 在A篇所给的介词短语中，介词和它后面跟的名词有较紧密的关系。而在下面所给的例句中，介词和它前面的形容词有更紧密的关系。在这种情况下，说这些介词短语修饰前面的形容词未尝不可，但这样的解释未能说明这种特殊结构的全部意义。这种“系动词＋形容词［包含现在及过去分词］＋特别介词”的结构，可以说相当于一个单一的及物动词，有时甚至可以用有相同意义的及物动词来代替。
He is afraid of（=dreads）darkness．*
I am aware of（=know）his sudden departure．*
It is suitable for（=suits）my purpose．
You are forgetful of（=forget）your promise．
Milk is good for（=benefits）us．
It is astonishing to（=astonishes）all of us．
He is educated in（=studies）law．
He is sorry for（=regrets）his mistake．
He is deaf to（=ignores）her entreaties．
Smoking is bad for（=spoils）my health．
He was angry with her．
The park is open to the public．
He is delighted with his success．
He is dependent upon his sister for his living．
He is disgusted at his brother's behaviour．
He is famous for his knowledge of animals．
He is free from blame．
He is moved to tears．
He is overcome with sorrow．
The house is infested with rats．
He is involved in difficulties．
He is fascinated with her．
1750 在没有系动词时，“形容词＋介词”这种结构仍然可以起及物动词的作用，但那是作为分词，而不是作为谓语动词。
An accident，shocking to（=shocking）the public，happened yesterday．*
A man respectful to（=respecting）others will be respected．
The three persons guilty of（=committing）theft have been sent to prison．
I know of some people proficient in（=mastering）mathematics but ignorant of（=not knowing）worldly affairs．
Dogs infested with（=having）lice need an insecticide．
A person negligent of（=neglecting）his duty would not be trusted．
有时这种结构带有一些书面语或做作的味道。
Don't be envious of（最好说 envy）your betters．
He is desirous of obtaining（最好说 desires to obtain）a good position．
His work is deserving of（最好说 deserves）a higher reward．
1751 介词的宾语可以是名词，也可以是动名词。
Are you not afraid of being bitten by mosquitoes ？*
He is ashamed of having behaved so badly．
He is interested in obtaining a better position．
1752 介词的宾语还可以是一个由疑问词引起的从句。在这种情况下，介词常常省略，而介词前的形容词（包含过去分词）几乎都表示一种精神状态。
She was aware（of）（=knew）how her husband had committed the crime．
She was doubtful（about）（=doubted）whether he would come．
He is curious（as to） what we are going to do．*
He is ignorant（of）（=does not know）where he is going．
I am sure（or certain）（about）who will be punished today．
Don't be fussy（about）what you eat．
He was upset（about）where she had been during the past three days．
Don't be worried（about）how we do it．
I was astonished（at）how they discovered our hide-out．
Be careful（about）how you handle the matter．
That is dependent on how you do it．（这里的on不能省略，因为dependent不是一个表示精神活动的形容词）
1753 这种疑问词引起的从句，如果它的主语和主句的主语相同或泛指一般人，则可以缩短为“疑问词＋不定式”的结构。这时，介词可用，也可以省略。
He is curious（of）whether to start the business or not（=whether he is to start the business or not）．
He is doubtful（of）what to do *（=what he is to do）．
He is ignorant（of）where to apply（=where one should apply）．
I am sure（of）how to do it．
Be careful（of）when to cross the street，child．
1754 介词的宾语也可以是that引起的从句，但这时形容词后的介词必须省略，有时that这个词也可省略。而且，介词前的形容词（包含过去分词）几乎都表示一种精神状态。这种“be＋形容词”结构也相当于一个及物动词。
You must be careful（有一个介词省略）that you don't make mistakes again．*（Cf．You must be careful of your health．）
He is not aware（=doesn't know）that you have studied dogs so many years．（Cf．He is not aware of your presence．）
I am glad（or delighted，surprised）（=rejoice or wonder）that you have succeeded so easily．（Cf．I am delighted at the news．）
He is sure（or confident）（=believed）that you will do your best．
He is disappointed（or sorry）that you failed．
She is anxious that you should return home earlier．
I am afraid（that）I shall have to leave you．
I am sure（that）you know what I mean．
图解：
C．不定式
1755 不定式也可用来修饰形容词（包含过去分词），它和形容词有三种组合形式。
1．用在表示愿望的形容词后面的不定式
1756 当一个不定式用在系动词和表示愿望或担心的形容词后时，这种“系动词＋形容词”的意思接近want，wish，long或dread这样的及物动词。换言之，“系动词＋表示愿望的形容词=表示愿望的及物动词”。
He is anxious（or eager）（=longs）to learn the news．*
They are impatient（=earnestly wish）to start．*
I should be interested to listen to your opinion．
He is afraid（=dreads）to disturb his boss．
She is unwilling（or reluctant）（=doesn't want）to talk with me．
They are disposed（or inclined）（=intend）to fight．
I was curious to know（=wished to know）who she was．
I am determined（or resolved）to talk to my opponent．
He is ambitious to become famous．
2．用在表示潜在可能性的形容词后面的不定式
1757 当一个不定式用在系动词和表示潜在可能性的形容词后时，这种“系动词＋表示潜在可能性的形容词＋to”结构接近一个助动词。在下面的句子中，括号里列出了与之意思相近的词。
a．He is able to（=can）do any heavy job．*
He is powerless to（=can't）help anyone．
He is going to（=will soon）win．
He is sure（or bound，certain，safe）to（=will surely）win．*
b．He is likely to（=will probably）win．
He was liable（or apt）to（=would）catch cold．
He is given（or inclined）to（=will）curse．
He is due to（=is to）come tomorrow．
He is obliged to（=must）help her．（Cf．have to = must）
He is worthy（or competent，qualified，entitled，equal）to（=may well）fill the job．
c．He is permitted（or allowed）to（=may）go anywhere．
He is welcome（or free，or at liberty）to（=may）say anything he likes．
I am ready（or prepared）to help you．
He is prompt（or quick，slow）to learn．
This is sufficient（or enough）to（=can）convince you．
3．用在形容词后的及物动词不定式
1758 a．当一个及物动词不定式用在形容词后面作它的修饰语时，这种及物动词不定式没有自己的宾语，而以句子的主语作它意义上的宾语。
(1)The paths are easy to find．*（= To find the paths is easy．=It is easy to find the paths．）
This book is nice to read．*（= To read the book is nice．=It is nice to read the book．）
Potatoes are not difficult to cook．（= To cook potatoes is not difficult．=It is not difficult to cook potatoes．）
What foreign language is necessary for businessmen to learn ？
He is ill to please．
John is difficult to handle．
Your question is impossible to answer（=unanswerable）．
Money is not fit to keep．
The scene is pitiful to behold（or fearful to watch，ghastly to see）．
It is simple to explain．
This advice is practical to follow．
The bridge is dangerous to pass．
The job is pleasant to do．
The house is pretty to see．
His insult is hard to bear（=unbearable）．
The story is painful（or fascinating）to tell．
This step is the safest to take．
The food is so easy to prepare，so delicious to eat．
(2)That desk is troublesome to move to another place．
Such a speech is not proper to give at the party．
(3)This place became painful to see again．
His temper has grown hard to control．
Such a peaceful life remains pleasant to live．
(4)The water is good to be drunk．（陈旧说法）
The book is painful to be read．
(5)What he wants is impossible to know．
How he was killed is painful to describe．
1759 b．如果不定式为不及物动词，则可以加上适当的介词，使之相当于及物动词。“及物动词不定式＋名词＋介词”这种成语也可以看作是及物动词。
(1)He is hard to work with．*（=It is hard to work with him．）
The story is painful to listen to．*（=It is painful to listen to the story．）
The river is dangerous to bathe in．
His advice is disagreeable to listen to．
It is grievous for me to think on．
The scandal is fascinating to learn about．
She is good to look at．
The road is safe to drive along．
(2)He is troublesome to make friends with．
The child is not easy to take care of．
1760 c．在形容词的前面或后面可以放一个名词。这时，这个名词不仅是句中的补语，而且是不定式意义上的主语。
(1)He is not easy to deceive．He is not a man easy to deceive．* He is not an easy man to deceive．（=He is not a man whom it is easy to deceive）．
That question is hard to answer．That is a question hard to answer．That is a hard question to answer．（=That is a question which it is hard to answer．）
(2)He is impossible to work with．He is a man impossible to work with．He is an impossible man to work with（or with whom to work）．
This method is good to depend upon．This is a method good to depend on．This is a good method to depend upon（or upon which to depend）．
(3)This basket is not fit to carry eggs in．This is not a basket fit to carry eggs in．This is not a fit basket to carry eggs in（or in which to carry eggs）．（=This is not a basket which it is fit to carry eggs in．）
1761 d．这样用的不定式可以有自己意义上的主语。
(1)The water is good for anyone to drink．*（=It is good for anyone to drink the water．）
The potatoes are easy for my daughter to cook．*
The bridge is dangerous for trucks to pass．
These questions are interesting for all of you to answer．
Such advice is disagreeable for them to listen to．
(2)Jo hn is a very unpleasant businessman for anybody to work with．
This is a painful child for his mother to take care of．
These are easy paths for strangers to pass along．
1762 在下面的句子中，不定式不修饰前面的形容词。它是句子的主语，由句首的it代表（参阅1318节）。
It is natural to love．（=To love is natural．）
It was impossible to convince him．（=To convince him was...）
It is difficult to say anything．
It would be foolish to do such a dirty job．
在下面的句子中，不定式修饰整个谓语，而不是修饰形容词（参阅1124节—参阅1126节）。
He is foolish to spend（=in spending）so much．
You are lucky to have avoided this trouble．
John is really courageous to point out their crimes．
I am not worthy to accept this honour．
Mary is delighted to learn（=when she learns）about your life．
I am very angry to see the result．
You will be miserable to lead（=if you lead）such a lazy life．
Our country will be prosperous to expand its industry and commerce．
图解：
四、副词的修饰语
1．副词（短语）
1763 副词可由副词（短语）、不定式和状语从句修饰。其中最多的是副词（短语），通常放在副词的前面。
He lives completely alone．*（程度副词或短语）
He writes much（or far，a lot，a great deal，a bit，a trifle，a degree，a little）faster than I．
Many planes were flying right over．
We waited way（=far）（口语用法）behind．
He stood well back．
He pushed it right up（or back，through，across，in）．
He pulled it（only）just up（or back，etc．）．
Do you see that bridge？Right beside stands my school．
Much beyond is the church．
“Is the show all that good？”“Yes，but it ends all too soon．”
He comes here most（=almost）（口语用法）every day．
He is almost entirely forgotten by his relatives．
He works apparently（or probably，really）harder than his brother．（肯定副词或短语）
He speaks English remarkably well．（方式副词或短语）
He runs wonderfully fast．
It has rained extra hard and terribly long．
Things are getting along astonishingly well．
He left two weeks ago．*（时间副词或短语）
Two months previously（or earlier，later，after）I saw her．
I shall leave a month hence（=in a month）．
He studied two years longer than I．
He arrived five minutes（too）late．
He flew thousands of meters higher than other planes．（地点副词或短语）
The sign-board hangs ten feet above．
Many animals live a thousand feet below．
He lives far away（or off，below，above）．
A stranger stood close behind（or hard by，near by）．
I stood in here and he sat out there．
A church stood a little way before．
He lives many miles away．
They stood a few feet apart，way back．
1764 方式副词可以（但不经常）由一个特别的介词短语修饰，这个短语通常放在副词后面。
He lived independently of anybody．*（Cf．His living is independent of anybody．）
He fought loyally to his king．（Cf．He was loyal to his king．）
He did not act compatibly with reason．（Cf．His action is not compatible with reason．）
He decided favourable to our interest．
He knew everything previously to the event．
He lived contentedly with his lot．
注：这种“方式副词＋一个特别的介词”也可看作一个整体，即一个介词短语。
图解：
2．不定式
1765 too，enough，sufficiently以及so...as这几个副词可由不定式修饰。
a．too＋形容词＋不定式
He is too old to study．*（=He is so old that he cannot study．）
He is too excited to speak．（=He is so excited that he cannot speak．）
The boat is too clumsy to sail fast．
This man is too well-informed not to know it．（=This man is so well-informed that he must know it．）
He is too angry not to say something．
The impression is too deep to be forgotten（被动形式）*，or too deep to forget．（不定式的主动形式，以主语impression作它意义上的宾语）
The story is too painful to be repeated（=so painful that it cannot be repeated），or to repeat（=that one cannot repeat it）．
This dog is too vicious to be kept，or to keep．
Your steps are too quick for them（不定式意义上的主语）to follow（=so quick that they cannot follow your steps）．
The stone is too heavy for any single person to raise．*
He is too fickle to depend upon．（不及物动词＋介词=及物动词）
This boy is too naughty to care for．
The book is too monotonous to amuse oneself with．（及物动词＋名词＋介词=及物动词）
The child is too naughty to take care of．
注意：
He cannot be too old to study．或he is never too old to study．（=He is
not too old，and he may study yet．）
I am only too（=very）glad to help．
You are too ready to（=liable to）criticize others．
It is too（=very）kind of you to say that．
b．too＋副词＋不定式
You speak too fast for John to follow（=so fast that John cannot follow you）．
He arrived too late for us to wait．
You speak too loudly for me to understand．
He is too deeply absorbed to see me．
c．形容词＋enough＋不定式，sufficiently＋形容词＋不定式
He is young enough to study．（=He is so young that he can or may study．）
He is honest enough to tell all the truth．
She is sufficiently careful（=careful enough）to avoid the mistake．
He is kind enough to lend me his truck．
He is intelligent enough to be specially trained．（=He is so intelligent that he may be specially trained．）
He is not old enough（=too young）to be sent to college．
He is not sufficiently recovered（=too weak）to go to work．
He is considered to be good enough to be our leader．
He became a sufficiently famous man to be interviewed by reporters．
It is not a useful enough book to justify reading．
The child is intelligent enough to train in music．（及物动词不定式以主语作它意义上的宾语）
The bed is big enough for three fat men to lie on．
He is kind enough for us to make friends with．
