d．头衔
Professor Lee，Bishop William White，Secretary Young，Dr．Chen（注意：John Lee，professor of history；the professor John Lee）
Hon．（or Rev.，Rt.，Rev．）Thomas Robinson，the Honourable（or Reverend，Right Reverend）Thomas Robinson
（在Thomas Robinson和其头衔之间还可插入Mr．或Dr．这类词）
John Lee，A．B.，L L．D .；Mary Lee，M．D．（在人名后跟有学术头衔时，人名前面不宜加Mr.，Miss或Dr．这类词）
John Lee，Sn． ；David Lee，Jr．（在John Lee或David Lee前可加Mr．或Dr．）
e．下面这样的称号
the Lion Premier，the Iron Chancellor；Alexander the Great，Henry the Eighth，Richard the Lion-Hearted，William the conqueror
f．对某人的亲切的称呼
Mother，Mummy，Uncle，Chief，Boss
（注意：my mother，the uncle，a chief）
g．对国王、总督、教皇、法官、市长等的尊称
Her Majesty，Your Excellency，His Holiness，Your Honour，Your Worship
6．神的名称
God，the Saviour，the Holy Ghost，the Son，Our Father，He，His；（the）Buddha；Jupiter，Venus，Hades，Cupid，Apollo；Veda，Vishnu，Brahma；Allah，His Prophet；Thor
7．某地区出生的人
Asian，European，African；Indian，Japanese，Vietnamese，Burmese；Londoner，New Yorker，Texan，Idahoan，Mainer，Wisconsinite，Florentine；Black（or black），Gipsy（or gipsy），Chicano（or chicano）
8．某一动物的专名
Lucky（给一条狗起的名字），Bucephalus（马名），Dapple（猪名），Nona（猫名）
9．人格化动物及事物的名称
（the）Elephant，（the）Monkey，（the）Wolf；（the）Wind，（the）Sun，（the）Pen，（the）Dustpan；Peace，Hope，Shame
10．地名
Peru，China，Germany；Guangdong Province，New York State；Rhode Island，Fifth Street，Pearl Harbor，Central Park；Mount Vernon，Lake Victoria，Cape Moron；the Arctic Circle，the Pacific Ocean，the Cape of Good Hope，the Strait of Gibraltar；the Suez and Panama canals，the provinces of Guangdong and Guangxi；North Korea，Upper Michigan，Central Asia，Inner Mongolia，Merry Old England；The West，the Far East，the Orient，the Southern Hemisphere，the North Pole
—地名与人名若指某一特定东西，则应当小写。
bohemian life，brussels sprouts，china，chinese red，diesel engine，dutch windmill，german silver，gothic lettering，india rubber，jersey，klieg light，london purple，macadam，manila paper，morocco，panama，paris green，plastic of paris，portland cement，prussian blue，roman numerals，venetian blinds
—地名及有关的词
Countries Adjectives Natives Languages
the Philippines Philippine Filipino Tagalog
Arabia Arabian Arab Arabic
France French Frenchman French
注意：A nglicize or a nglicize，A mericanize or a mericanize
11．组织机构名称
Westminster Cathedral，Washington High School，Scotland Yard；the Navy，the House of Lords，the Supreme Court of the U．S.，the Church of England，the Socialist Party，the Central University，the Standard Oil Company，the Society for Space Travel，the Ministry of Foreign Affairs
—有些政党名称可以大写也可以小写。
Communist（or communist），Communism（or communism），Fascist（or fascist），Democrat（or democrat），Socialist（or socialist），Liberal（or liberal），Republic（or republic），Bolshevist（or bolshevist）
12．某些特别东西的名称
Jupiter（planet），Venus，the Great Bear，the Ahnighits meteorite；Sputnik I，the Columbus Space Shuttle；Big Ben，the Statue of Liberty，the Liberty Bell，the Stars and Stripes，the Vargas diamond；the Authorized Version，the New Testament，the Koran，the Talmud；the Pact of Locarno，the Bill of Rights；a Ford car，a Remington typewriter
—商品名称通常大写，如Ford，Kodak，Pilot，Coke，Kim。而有些已成为普通名词的商品名称则不必大写，如aspirin，cellophane，vaseline，nylon，photostat，mimeograph。
13．艺术品的名称
Home，Sweet Home；Ben Hur；the Last Supper；St．John the Baptist，Giants of the Earth
14．著名事件（历史上的或现代的）的名称
the Glacial Period，the Ten Commandments，the Sermon on the Mount，the Last Supper，the Passion，the Discovery of America，the Industrial Revolution，the Reign of Terror，the Taiping Rebellion，the Second World War，the Vietnam War，the Cultural Revolution
15．时间的名称
Sunday，June 24，1962；June Twenty-Seventh，Nineteen Hundred Sixty-two（用于严肃的场合）；Christmas，All Fools Day；the Forties；the Elizabethan Era，the Middle Ages，the Nuclear Age（注意：spring，summer）
16．用作专有名词，特指某一处某一人的普通名词
the Colony（=Hong Kong），the Crown；the States（=the United States of America），the Army，the House；the Church，the City（=New York），the Society，the School，the Department；the President，the King，the Mayor，the Dean；Father，Baby，Cook，Boss，Chief
17．变成特殊、重要的平常词
The Here and Now is the essential part of life．
Be a career secretary and Earn More．（广告）
Please send 100 boxes of Butter Cookies．（在商业书信中产品名常常大写）
18．某些缩写词
B．C.，A．D.；Jr.，Sr.，Eq.；No.，P．S.，O．K.，C．O．D.，I．O．U.；M．P.，P．O．W.，V．I．P.；T．B.，V．D.；A．M.，P．M.，MS
19．学科名称
He failed in Mathematics（or mathematics）and History（or history）．
20．前缀＋大写词
un-English，non-Christian，anti-American，pro-German
21．事物名称＋数词（表示顺序）
ArticleⅫ，Chapter 10，Act 3，Book Four，Room 47
索引
下面是包含上、下两册内容的综合索引。
索引分为两部分：“语法术语索引”和“普通词索引”。
“语法术语索引”不但包含本书所用术语，而且兼录其他语法书里常用的写法不同但意义相同的专词。其他书里的术语放在等号之前，本书术语放在等号之后，如concord（其他书的说法）=agreement（本书所用），又如group preposition=preposition-phrase．
指示代词与助动词，如this，that，such，one，some，other，all，any，every，each，no，not，none以及be，do，have，may，must，have to，shall，should，will，would，在语法上比较复杂，因此一并录入语法术语中。
“普通词索引”包含much，besides等单词，after this，act of folly等短语，for want of，give oneself up等成语，以及so...that...，oh that I could...等特殊结构。
缩写词（Abbreviations）
abs．n． abstract noun
adj． adjective
adv． adverb
cl． clause
compar． comparative
compl． complement
conj． conjunction
cpd．with compared with
fact．v． factive verb
ger． gerund
inf． infinitive
int．v． intransitive verb
link．v． linking verb
mod． modifying
n． noun
obj． object
ons． oneself
pass． passive
past part． past participle
prec．by preceded by
prep． preposition
pres．part． present participle
pron． pronoun
sb． somebody
sb's somebody's
sth． something
subj． subject
TC Table of Contents
that-cl． that-clause
trans．v． transitive verb
usu． usually
v． verb
W-cl． W-clause
W-inf． W-infinitive
W． what，which，who，whom，whose，when，where，how，whether
说明
斜体字：在语法索引中，表示普通词，例如“Either（compared with any）”。但在普通词索引中，表示语法用语，例如“None（used as adverb）”。
等号：在语法索引中，等号前列出别书用的术语，等号后列出本书用的术语。例如“Set phrase=idiom”。但若等号放在括号内，则括号内的词语只是解释括号前的词语。例如“What（=anything that）”。
So many：代表任何一个数字，例如“work for so many hours”。
n.：是noun的缩写。可特指somebody或something，也可兼指。
is：与单数主语保持一致的任何单数谓语动词，例如“The boy is ...”中，is 代表was，seems，loves，speaks等。
are：与复数主语保持一致的任何复数谓语动词，例如“The boys are ...”中，are 代表were，seem，love，speak等。
be：不拘单复数的系动词，例如“All attention，（used after be）”中，be代表is，are，was，were，will be等，甚至可代表seem，keep等。
语法术语索引
A-substitute
Absolute adjunct=absolute expression
Absolute adverbials
Absolute construction=adv．-part．with sense-subj．
Absolute expression
definition of
with diagram
Absolute infinitive
Absolute nominative=sense-subj．of absolute construction
Absolute participle=adv．-part．with sense-subject
Absolute participle without sense-subject
Absolute phrase（=adv．-part．with sense-subject）
Absolute possessive
Absolute present participle
Absolute superlative
followed by expression defining range of comparison
followed by noun omitted
in other positions than before noun
Abstract noun
definition of
often countable and uncountable
Accusative case=objective case
Accusative object=direct object
Accusative with past participle=object＋past participle
Accusative with present participle=object＋present part．
Active case=nominative case
Active participle（=present participle）
Active sentence converted to passive
Active voice having passive sense
Actor case=nominative case
Adherent adjective=restrictive adjective
Adjectival adjunct=adjectival modifier
Adjectival modifier
with diagram
definition of
kinds of
explanatory，used before subject
restrictive，used after noun
explanatory，used after subject
explanatory，used after predicate
explanatory，modifying object
as subjective complement
as objective complement
Adjective
definition of
use of
position of
restrictive use of
complementary（or predicative）use of
explanatory use of
absolute use of
exclamatory use of
predicative
restrictive
kinds of
qualitative
determinative
of “feeling” and “exciting”
＋preposition
used after noun
used before subject，as explanatory adj．-mod．
used after subject，as explanatory adj．-mod．
used after predicate，as explanatory adj．-mod．
modified by adverbial
modified by prepositional phrase
modified by infinitive
（or participle）of “exciting”
Adjective-clause
Adjective-equivalent，definition of
Adjective-infinitive（=infinitive as adjective）
Adjective-participle（=participle as adjective）
Adjective-phrase
definition of
used before noun
used after noun
Adjunct=modifier
Adverb
definition of
used before or after word modified
classified according to meaning
of time，place，manner，degree，certainty
compared like adjective
modifying verb
of degree，modifying adjective，adverb and verb
of degree，time，place，modifying preposition
of degree，time，modifying conjunction
of certainty，manner，modifying sentence
modifying noun
between nouns
between with and noun
asking question
simple
of place and time，formed by adding affix or word
formed by adding-ly
having same form as adjective
having two forms，with and without-ly
formed from demonstrative
of “exciting” or “feeling”
different from preposition
of place or time，used as adjective before noun
of place or time，used as adjective after noun
not essential to sentence
position of
classification of
of time
of place
of manner
of certainty
of degree
monosyllabic，ending in-ly
having several positions and several senses
modified by adverbial
Adverb-clause
definition of
detailed study of，with diagram
kinds of
position of
pronoun-subject in
of time
of place
of comparison
of manner
of attendant circumstance
of contrast
of cause or reason
of result or degree
of purpose
of condition
of agreement
of concession
of indifference
of restriction
of exception
in the form of relative-clause
pronoun-subject and be omitted in
Adverb of modality=adverb of certainty
Adverb-equivalent
definition of
=adverbial modifier
Adverb-infinitive（=infinitive as adverb）
Adverb of manner
ending in-ly
changed to and from adverb-phrase of manner
converted from adverb of place
monosyllabic，in-ly or not
Adverb of place，detailed study of
Adverb-participle=participle as adverb
Adverb-phrase
definition of
structure of
non-idiomatic
idiomatic
modifying verb
modifying whole sentence
with in，at，on omitted
used with verbs like cost
with for
modifying adjective
modifying adverb
modifying preposition and conjunction
Adverbial
use of five classes of
various positions of
divided into seven classes
nineteen general rules for position of
order of a series of adverbials
used absolutely
Adverbial accusative=noun used adverbially
Adverbial adjunct=adverbial modifier
Adverbial clause=adverb-clause
Adverbial modifier
definition of
six types of expression acting as
not essential to sentence
in several positions
detailed study of，with diagram
Adverbial object（=noun used adverbially）
Adverbial objective
Adverbial of certainty
position of
Adverbial of degree
position of
Adverbial of duration，position of
Adverbial of point-of-time，position of
Adverbial of frequency，position of
Adverbial of manner，position of
Adverbial of interrogation，position of
Adverbial of place
special use of
position of
＋adverbial of place
Adverbial of time
related to tense of verb
special use of
position of
＋adverbial of time
Adverbial particle=adverb of place
Adversative conjunction
connecting words or phrases
connecting clauses of opposition
connecting clauses of contrast
Affirmative sentence converted to negative
Agreement
of present tense with its subject
of past tense with its subject
of future tense with its subject
of finite verb with two doubtful subjects
of finite v．with subj．in doubtful number
Agreement of verb in relative clause with antecedent
All
as adjective
used with all classes of noun
used before some demonstratives and numeral
used in of（or out of）all（days）
（= the greatest possible）＋speed or other abs．n．
（= any）＋rule or other abstract noun
used in all eyes，all ears，all attention
used in all the（= the only）（news）
＋noun of time，as all day，all week
as pronoun
（= all persons）
（= everything）
used after pronoun，as appositive，as we all，it all
used in（sons，daughters，servants）and all
used in “superlative＋of all”
used in all-Creator，all-Giver，all-seeing
as adverb
（=entirely）＋adjective．as all useless
＋adverb，as all too（fast）
preposition，as all for（her）
＋the＋comparative＋for
used in all but（=almost）
used in compound，as all-powerful，all-wise
Alternative conjunction
connecting words and phrases
connecting clauses
Alternative question=question including alt．conj．
And-conjunction=copulative conjunction
Anomalous finite=auxiliary verb
Anomalous verb=auxiliary verb
Another，as pronoun or adjective，singular
meaning of
used in “one ... another”
used in one after another
used in one another
Antecedent
definition of
definite and indefinite
several kinds of
considered as person or thing
pronoun as
Antecedent of relative pronoun
standing for part or whole of clause
followed by various adjective phrases
followed by two relative clauses
followed by short predicate and long relative clause
followed by short obj．compl．and long relative clause
in possessive case
Anticipatory object=it
Anticipatory subject=it
Any
as adjective
used with any class of noun
strongly stressed in affirmative statement
meaning“extremely great”，“extremely bad” etc．
emphasizing a negative word or sense
used before noun as focus of yes-no question
in conditional clause or phrase
other word equal in use to
compared with some in question
not to be used before negative word
as pronoun
as adverb（=in any way）
in yes-no question or if-clause
