used in “any＋comparative＋than”
-how
-where
Apostrophe
Appended construction inside relative clause
Appended question=tag question
Apposed adjective=explanatory adjective
Apposition clause=clause in apposition to a noun
Appositive
definition of
head-word of
like adjective
agreeing with its head-word in gender and number
agreeing with its head-word in case
usually placed after its head-word
noun as head-word of
pronoun as head-word of
infinitive as head-word of
gerund as head-word of
clause as head-word of
noun as
pronoun as
infinitive as
gerund as
clause as
of first kind
of second kind
various examples of appositive of first kind
various examples of appositive of second kind
different forms of
Appositive adjective=explanatory adjective
Article
choice and omission of
position of
before uncountable noun
before proper noun
omission of，in about 100 verbal idioms
Articulate sentence=complete sentence
As
＋adjective＋as-clause
as restrictive relative
as relative adverb
as conj．connecting clauses of contrast
（= such as）
introducing adverb-clause of time
introducing adverb-clause of comparison
introducing adverb-clause of manner
introducing adverb-clause of cause
Aspect
meaning of
simple
in indefinite form
simple，compared with ingressive aspect
ingressive
terminative
frequentative
in potential form
in continuous form
in perfect form
of non-finite verb
of verbal noun
various aspects shown in a passage
Aspect-form，combining two or three aspects
Aspect of verb
Assertive sentence=declarative sentence
Attributive adjunct=restrictive adjective
Attributive clause=adjective-clause
Auxiliary verbs
twelve in number
used with principal verbs
added to twelve tense-forms
when must be used?
in not-sentence
in question
in conditional and conclusional clauses
in confirmative question
in commentative question
used with emphatic subject
used emphatically
used with emphatic negative adverb or object
in emphatic affirmative sentence
in emphatic negative sentence
in elliptical sentence
pronunciation of
in question and answer
substitute for
verbal phrase having same function as
Auxiliary=auxiliary verb
Be
as special auxiliary
used to form the passive voice
used to form the continuous tense
denoting prearrangement
denoting unrealized plan
denoting false supposition
as auxiliary and full verb
omission of
Both
denoting “two”
in various positions
... and
as adjective and pronoun
＋these
C（=countable=countable noun）
Can，Could，as auxiliaries
denoting ability
denoting possibility
denoting permission
denoting potentiality
denoting command
denoting probability
denoting impatience
denoting purpose
denoting supposition
denoting modesty，diffidence
Capital letter
Cardinal number
Causal clause=clause of cause
Class-noun=countable noun
Clause
definition of
as antecedent of relative pronoun
before noun，used as adjective
elliptical
Collective noun
definition of
denoting person，animal，thing
possibly uncountable
such as band（of robbers），bunch（of grapes）
Collective number
Colon
Combination，definition of
Comma
Comma splice
not a fault
Common case=case as contrasted with possessive
Common gender
definition of
example of
more used in recent years
turned into masculine or feminine
regarding animal
Common noun
definition of
possibly uncountable
Comparative adjective
definition of
of inferiority
formed from monosyllabic adjective
formed from disyllabic adjective
formed from adjective of 3 or 4 syllables
a series of，modifying same noun
formed from participle
formed from irregular adjective
formed from compound adjective
formed from adverb
position of
modifiable by adverb of degree of manner
expressing various degrees
＋than-clause
＋than-clause with some words omitted
＋noun
expressing gradual increase of degree
＋than＋can
used before all the or none the
expressed in various ways
Comparative adverb
formation of
Comparative clause=clause of comparison
Comparison
terminational and analytical forms of
words incapable of
Complement
of linking verb
of factitive verb
fifteen forms of
noun-equivalent as
adjective-equivalent as
Complete predicate=finite v．（＋obj．or compl．＋mod．）
Complete sentence
consisting of subject and predicate
five classes of elements in
Complete subject=subject together with its modifier
Complex sentence
definition of
converted to simple
converted to compound
Compound adjective
Compound conjunction=conjunction-phrase
Compound preposition=preposition-phrase
Compound sentence
definition of
converted to simple
converted to complex
（in some books）=complex sentence
Compound word
with participle
ending in-ed
Concessive clause=clause of concession
Concord=agreement
Conditional clause=clause of condition
Conjugation（=change of verb in tense，mood，voice，etc．）
Conjunction
definition of
four forms of
two kinds of
modified by adverbial
Conjunction-phrase，definition of
Conjunctive adverb=adverbial conjunction
Construction type=sentence pattern
Contact clause=relative clause without relative
Continuous tense=progressive tense
Continuative clause=coordinate relative-clause
Contracted sentence=elliptical sentence
Conversion of sentence
Coordinate clause
definition of
regarded as adverb-clause
Coordinate conjunction
joining words，phrases，or clauses
connecting expressions of equal rank
punctuation used before
kinds of
Coordinating conjunction=coordinate conjunction
Copula= be or linking verb
Copulative conjunction
connecting words or phrases
connecting clauses
Correlative conjunction
Could（see can）
Count noun=countable noun
Countability of noun and class of noun
Countable noun
definition of
its relations with five kinds of noun
Dangling participle=mis-related participle
Dare，dared
as principal and auxiliary verb
preceded by shall，will，have
in subjunctive mood
Dash
Dative object=indirect object
Dative verb
Definite article（= the）
representative
particularizing
collective
preceding uncountable noun
＋comparative＋for（or because）
＋comparative＋the＋comparative
meaning “very” before superlative
＋superlative＋of＋noun
＋superlative＋（people）
in about 110 verbal idioms
Defining clause=restrictive clause
Degrees of comparison
Demonstrative（=demonstrative adjective or pronoun）
Demonstrative
＋of＋personal pronoun
used as pronoun or adjective
used as singular or plural
denoting one，two，or more
used as adverb
used with conjunction
essential to singular-countable noun
followed by of-phrase
in compound like someone or anything
in，at，on omitted before “dem．＋n．of time”
with negative，denoting special negation
Dependent clause=subordinate clause
Dependent statement
Dependent question
Dependent command and request
Dependent exclamation
Descriptive relative clause=coordinate relative clause
Determinative adjective
agreeing with head-word in number and countability
in the form of phrase
before singular countable noun
before singular-countable or uncountable noun
before any countable and uncountable noun
before plural-countable noun
before plural-countable or uncountable noun
Determiner=determinative adjective
Diagraming
better than barsing and analysing
rules for
Direct address=vocative
Direct discourse=direct speech
Direct object of dative verb
Direct quotation=direct speech
Direct speech converted to indirect
Discourse marker=sentence modifier
Disjunctive conjunction=alternative conjunction
Disjunctive question=alternative question
Distributive pronoun=pronoun like each，either，neither
Do
as auxiliary
in 12 types of sentence
Dots
DV（dative verb）
Dynamic verb=verb of action，not of state
Each
compared with all，every
in various positions
compared with respective
used in each other，each other's
used in“each...the other”
Either
compared with any
（=each）
... or
used in“not...either”
Ellipsis=omission
Elliptical Clause，mis-related
dangling=mis-related
Else，as adverb and as conjunction
used after interrogative
used after compound pronoun
Emphasizing pronoun
Emphasizing pronoun=emphatic pronoun
Ending（=inflection such as -s，-ed，-ing，-er，-est．）
Epithet=restrictive adjective
Equality may be expressed in 6 ways
Equivalent
Every
as adjective only
compared with all
-thing，compared with anything
＋one of（you），as appositive to subject
used in any and every，each and every
used in（so young，so pretty，so rich）and so everything
used in every word of your letter，every drop of his blood
（=great）＋success，assistance，or other abs．n．
used in every third day，every three days
Exclamation
Exclamation mark
Exclamatory sentence beginning with how or what
Explanatory adjectival-modifier
referring to subject
referring to object
Explanatory conjunction（= so）
Expression，definition of
Extension=adverbial modifier
Extraposition
Fact．v．（=factitive verb）
Factitive verb
converted from intransitive verb
in the form of “intransitive verb＋preposition”
capable of change to passive voice
Feminine gender
definition of
regarding person
formed from masculine
regarding animal
Finite verb
Foreign plurals
Free adjunct=absolute phrase
Frequentative aspect
Full verb，main verb=principal verb
Full stop=period
Full verb，main verb=principal verb
Future continuous tense
forms of
denoting continuation of action during future
denoting intimacy or politeness
denoting unintentional action happening now
not used for intentional action
Future indefinite tense
forms of
denoting intentional or unintentional action
denoting unintentional action in statement
denoting intentional action in statement
denoting unintentional action in question
denoting intentional action in question
denoting action in question and answer
denoting action in indirect speech
Future perfect tense
forms of
denoting finished action before specified future time
denoting action that will last till future
denoting action that may have been finished now
not used for intentional action
Future perfect continuous tense
forms of
denoting almost same thing as future perfect
Future time，expressed in 13 ways
Gender
masculine and feminine
regarding person
regarding 26 species of animal
Genitive case=possessive case
Gerund（See TC：Unit 12．Ⅲ．B．）
Gerund
used before noun as adjective
mis-related
dangling=mis-related
modifier of
Gerundial phrase
Gradable adjective=adj．that can be compared
Grammar
Grammatical term defined
Group preposition=preposition-phrase
Had to as auxiliary（See must）
Have as auxiliary
Head-word
definition of
of appositive
Head-word of possessive
denoting thing or person belonging to others
denoting thing made by someone
denoting thing intended for somebody
denoting part in whole
denoting quality or state
denoting active action
denoting passive action
denoting others
Hyphen
Identifying relative clause=restrictive rel．cl．
Idiom
definition of
i．e．
Illative conjunction
rarely connecting words or phrases
connecting clauses
Imperative mood
with be
with do
with don't
with you
with let
with someone，everybody
with adverb of place
various meaning of
in archaic expression
Incomparable adjective and adverb，lists of
Incomplete intransitive verb=linking verb
Incomplete transitive verb=factitive verb
Indefinite article（= a）
in about 50 verbal idioms
Independent clause=principal clause
Indicative mood
Indicator
Indirect discourse=indirect speech
Indirect object of dative verb
Indirect question=dependent question
Indirect speech
converted to direct
punctuation in
reporting verb before
conjunction before
pronoun in
adverb of time in
position of first subject and verb of saying in
Individual class-noun=common noun
Individualizer=partitive unit
Infinitival phrase
Infinitive
（See TC：Unit 12．Ⅲ．D）
mis-related
dangling=mis-related
after “be＋adjective”，not to be misused
adjective used between noun and
as subject
as adjective，used before noun
as adjective，used after noun
used absolutely
Infinitive as verb-modifier
denoting purpose
denoting cause of feeling
denoting remarkable fact
denoting unexpected result
denoting condition
diagram of
Infinitive phrase
Inflection（=suffix used to inflect，as：s，'s，ed，ing，er）
Ing（or ing form）=verb ending in-ing
Ingressive aspect
compared with simple aspect
denoted by to or into
denoted by take-phrase
denoted by finite verb in imperative sentence
denoted by simple verb
made from simple verb by adding some words
Inserted statement
Intensifier=adverbial of degree
Interjection
definition of
expressing various feelings
followed by exclamation mark or comma
list of about 160 interjections
another part of speech used as
Interjection-phrase，definition of
Interrogation point or mark=question mark
Interrogative
（=inter．pron.，adv.，or adj．）
