Bertrand, Marianne, Sendhil Mullainathan. 2004. “Are Emily and Greg More Employable Than Lakisha and Jamal? A Field Experiment on Labor Market Discrimination.” American Economic Review, 94(4):991-1013.
Anwar, Shamena, Hanming Fang. 2006. “An Alternative Test of Racial Prejudice in Motor Vehicle Searches: Theory and Evidence.”American Economic Review, 96(1):127-51.
Alesina, Alberto, Eliana La Ferrara. 2014. “A Test of Racial Bias in Capital Sentencing.”American Economic Review, 104(11):3397-433.
Arnold, David, and Will Dobbie, Crystal S. Yang, 2018. “Racial Bias in Bail Decisions.”Quarterly Journal of Economics, 133(4):1885-932.
[1] Becker, Gary S. The Economics of Discrimination. University of Chicago Press, 1957. 中译本请参阅:《歧视经济学》,[美]加里·贝克尔著,于占杰译,商务印书馆2014年版。
[2] Arrow, Kenneth.“The Theory of Discrimination,”in Orley Ashenfelter and Albert Rees, eds.,Discrimination in Labor Markets. Princeton University Press, 1973. 其实,在阿罗之前,著名经济学家埃德蒙·菲尔普斯就已经提出过这种观点,但流传不广,后世学者引用较少,参阅:Phelps, Edmund S.“The Statistical Theory of Racism and Sexism.”American Economic Review,1972, 62(4):659-61.
[3] 《绿皮书》是由彼得·法雷里执导,于2018年上映的一部剧情片。它描述了一名叫托尼的白人在20世纪60年代受到一位名叫唐·雪莉的黑人钢琴家雇佣,到美国南方开始为期八周的巡回演讲。当时,美国南方对黑人的歧视非常严重,于是托尼便成了唐·雪莉的司机兼保镖。一路上,二人迥异的性格使他们之间产生了很多矛盾,与此同时,唐·雪莉在南方遭受的种种不公平对待,也让托尼对种族歧视感到深恶痛绝。该影片获得第91届奥斯卡金像奖最佳影片,上映后口碑极佳。
[4] 这种研究方法尚且没有合适的中文译名,浙江大学经济学院的叶兵老师建议翻译为“面试研究”,不失为一个好的备选方案。
[5] Bertrand, Marianne, Sendhil Mullainathan. 2004.“Are Emily and Greg More Employable Than Lakisha and Jamal? A Field Experiment on Labor Market Discrimination.”American Economic Review, 94(4):991-1013.
[6] 参阅[美]尤里·格尼茨、约翰·李斯特:《隐性动机》,鲁冬旭译,中信出版社2015年版。
[7] 参阅[美]塞德希尔·穆来纳森、埃尔德·莎菲尔:《稀缺》,魏薇、龙志勇译,浙江人民出版社2014年版。
[8] Knowles, John, Nicola Persico and Petra Todd. 2001.“Racial Bias in Motor Vehicle Searches: Theory and Evidence.” Journal of Political Economy, 109(1):203-29.
[9] Anwar, Shamena, Hanming Fang. 2006.“An Alternative Test of Racial Prejudice in Motor Vehicle Searches: Theory and Evidence.”American Economic Review, 96(1):127-51.
[10] Alesina, Alberto, Eliana La Ferrara. 2014.“A Test of Racial Bias in Capital Sentencing.”American Economic Review, 104(11):3397-433.
[11] Arnold, David,Will Dobbie and Crystal S. Yang. 2018.“Racial Bias in Bail Decisions.” Quarterly Journal of Economics, 133(4):1885-1932.